美日存款保险制度的比较及对我们的启示

本文通过对美国和日本的存款保险制度的比较分析,指出建立存款保险制度需要借鉴国际经验,但还需要立足于本国国情。     

美、日企业管理新变化

<正> 近年来,美国、日本企业实行了一整套新的管理方式,增强了企业活力,推动了企业发展,取得了显著的成效,主要表现在以下几个方面: 一、“现代式”意识管理 企业能否更快、更好地健康发展,取决于全体员工思想意识是否符合现代要求。积极推行“现代式”的思想意识管理,将现代意识渗透到管理的全过程,已是企业管理的新潮。近年来,美国百事可乐、     

中,美,日企业战略管理研究的比较

本文旨在以“西方企业经营战略研究的源流学派与比较”一文为参照，首先比较研究中国学者关于经营战略研究所构筑起来的两大体系的异同，长处与不足；然后进行中、美、日比较研究，这一比较聚集于经营战略的定义、分类和战略管理过程模式三大核心问题。     

日美企业用人面面观

<正> 现代社会的市场竞争就是人才竞争。为了得到人才,并使其聪明才智得以充分发挥,日美企业在长期市场竞争的实践中,形成了各自独特的用人之道。 一、日本电产公司独特的选人视角。日本电产公司,原先是一个仅有几人的小作坊,但短短10年的时间就发展成为一家拥有700多名员工的中等企业,产品打入国际市场,销售额比创业初期提高了100倍。这些成绩的取得离不开该公司独特的选人视角:①用嗓门大。事先准备好一篇文章,让前来应试的人一个个地轮流朗读,根据其     

美日名企业的用人哲学

<正> 人才是事业成败的关键已成共识。但往往“成亦萧何、败亦萧何”。这不能不引起人们的深思。美日企业在实践中积累了许多宝贵经验,值得借鉴。 一、通用公司哲学:“把职业培训视为一种投资”。美国通用汽车公司把职工的教育和训练放在重要地位,认为职工技术水平和文化水平的高低,对生产率的影响很大。公司内部设有各种类型的技术学校,科研人员和工程师也经常接受新技术的教育,该公司的职工从进公司到退休止,一生中要不断接受各种各样的训练。这种再训练和再教育使得职工的知识不断更新、适应日新月异的科技发展形势。这个公司对管理人员的培训采取三种形式:1、在职培训。就是在实际工作中对下级人员进行培养.提高下级人员的管理水平。培训下级人员差不多要占去一个管理人员大半的工作时间,因此,在该公司能不断涌现出各种管理人才。通用汽车公司每年还要去大学或研究     

日美企业人力开发绝招

<正> 现代心理学研究表明,在现代工业条件下,人的智慧和潜力只发挥了一小部分,企业经营者的责任,就是创造必要的条件,使人们的聪明才智得到充分的发挥。日美企业在长期市场竞争的实践中,形成了人力开发的独特措施、独到办法。 一、日本三泽公司的“鲶鱼效应”。挪威人捕沙丁鱼,抵港时如果鱼仍活着,卖价比死鱼高出许多,所以渔民千方百计让鱼活着返港。但种种努力都归于失败,只有一艘     

A Comparative Analysis of Korean and American Management Education: A Knowledge-Based Odyssey

The evolution of post-industrial society is resulting in a `knowledgeeconomy. The changes involve `knowledge workers' in contrast to `manualworkers' of the past industrial economy. The quantity and quality of knowledgeworkers will determine success in national borderless competition. Althoughthe United State's recent prosperity and near perfect employment rate areexemplary, the technology leading to this success has been developed andshared by traditional industrial powers, i.e., Japan and France, and mid-techpowers such as South Korea.This paper examines methods by which South Korea incorporates Americanapplications of the knowledge economy into its system. The interdisciplinaryapproach includes sociological, linguistic, educational, and ethical elements.Suggested methods include double loop sharing, knowledge management withelectronic support systems, professional journals, and professionalinternational conferences. This paper offers a brief history and synopsis ofcurrent developments in knowledge-based systems, and suggests South Korean andAmerican applications. Recommendations also include the emphasis on Englishas the primary language to improve Korean communication among government,industry, and academic entities.     

Cooperation Versus Confrontation: A Comparison of Approaches to Environmental Risk Management in Japan and the United States1

This paper compares approaches to environmental risk management in Japan and the United States. The paper includes an historical examination of two case studies of environmental risk management: synthetic detergents and lead in gasoline. In addition, the paper discusses several important differences between Japan and the United States, including (a) different attitudes toward separating environmental risk management from environmental risk assessment, and (b) different approaches toward environmental risk management. Specifically, the Japanese approach is based largely on a cooperative model of risk management, with a strong emphasis on negotiation and consensus-building, while the U.S. approach is based largely on a confrontational model of risk management, with a strong emphasis on rigorous scientific analysis and open adverserial processes.     

中美注册会计师职业风险的比较研究

通过比较我国与美国注册会计师的职业风险,指出我国注册会计师职业风险发展与控制中存在的问题,即职业责任压力与风险承受能力不协调。     

中美两国上市公司高管薪酬决定因素比较研究

选取中国深沪两市1999年到2003年4 430家上市公司和美国纽约交易所1999到2002年6 907家上市公司进行实证比较,在确定了中国上市公司高管薪酬的主要决定因素的基础上,与美国上市公司高管薪酬进行比较.结果表明,公司规模、公司绩效、股权特征是决定高管薪酬的主要因素;它们对于两国上市公司高管薪酬的影响是有区别的;探究了造成这种差异的原因并提出了对于中国上市公司高管薪酬政策设计的指导性建议和以后研究的方向.     

Development and Validation of TQM Implementation Constructs

The contemporary quality management (QM) literature prescribes various quality improvement strategies. However, it lacks scientifically developed and tested constructs that represent an integrative QM philosophy. Moreover, an impact of the prescribed QM strategies on a firm's product quality has not been analyzed. Through a detailed analysis of the literature, this research identifies 12 constructs of integrated QM strategies. Using a survey of 371 manufacturing firms, the constructs are then empirically tested and validated. LISREL 7 is used for this purpose. Finally, a framework to examine the effects of integrated QM strategies on a firm's product quality is suggested. Comparisons between this and two other comprehensive scales of TQM are made.     

A Transaction‐Efficiency Analysis of an Internet Retailing Supply Chain in the Music CD Industry*

The emergence of the Internet may have fundamentally altered the mechanisms underlying information exchanges between sellers and end consumers. However, little attention has been given to the impact these mechanisms have on the efficiency of supply chain operations. This paper begins to address this deficiency in the literature by evaluating supply chain transaction efficiency effects from Internet purchases by consumers. It develops and empirically tests a theoretical framework examining the role Internet purchases have in establishing transaction‐efficiency levels in product exchanges involving sellers, placed at different supply chain echelons, and consumers. The theoretical framework integrates the transaction‐cost and internet economics, inter‐organizational information systems, and supply chain management literatures. Empirical testing, via structural equation modeling, is based on archival data in the Internet music CD market. The results show that Internet‐mediated purchases by consumers allow for greater transaction efficiencies when inventory ownership is postponed farther upstream in the supply chain and supply chain echelons are disintermediated. The results also indicate that channel structure configuration, defined by the supply chains' Internet retailing echelon, moderates these transaction efficiency effects.     

The Role of Risk Perception in Flu Vaccine Behavior among African‐American and White Adults in the United States

Seasonal flu vaccination rates are low for U.S. adults, with significant disparities between African and white Americans. Risk perception is a significant predictor of vaccine behavior but the research on this construct has been flawed. This study addressed critical research questions to understand the differences between African and white Americans in the role of risk perception in flu vaccine behavior: (1) What is the dimensionality of risk perception and does it differ between the two races?  (2) Were risk perceptions of white and African‐American populations different and how were sociodemographic characteristics related to risk for each group? (3) What is the relation between risk perception and flu vaccine behaviors for African Americans and whites? The sample, drawn from GfK's Knowledge Panel, consisted of 838 whites and 819 African Americans. The survey instrument was developed from qualitative research. Measures of risk perception included cognitive and emotional measures of disease risk and risk of side effects from the vaccine. The online survey was conducted in March 2015. Results showed the importance of risk perception in the vaccine decision‐making process for both racial groups. As expected, those who got the vaccine reported higher disease risk than those who did not. Separate cognitive and emotional factors did not materialize in this study but strong evidence was found to support the importance of considering disease risk as well as risk of the vaccine. There were significant racial differences in the way risk perception predicted behavior.     

周日历效应传递吗?——伦敦和上海黄金市场的比较

首次系统探讨上海黄金市场从成立(2002年10月30日)至2007年6月29日期间收益和波动的周日历效应,并进一步研究与同期伦敦黄金市场周日历效应之间的关系。结果表明:上海黄金市场存在收益周一、周四正效应,波动周一、周三、周五高效应和周二、周四低效应,周日历效应整体显著;伦敦黄金市场存在周三、周五收益正效应,周三高波动和周五低波动效应,但整体的周日历效应并不显著;伦敦黄金市场收益周日历效应可以显著解释上海黄金市场收益周日历效应,收益周日历效应具有跨市场传递性;上海黄金市场的价格发现能力和有效性皆逊于伦敦;此外,两个市场都表现出杠杆效应。     

制造业与服务业产业集群比较分析

自马歇尔(Marshall,1890)以来,有关集群的研究大多集中于制造业,对服务性产业集群的研究甚少.本文试图将制造业集群与服务业集群相比较,指出二者之间既有差别,也存在联系,都能促进区域经济的发展,以期为服务业集群研究贡献一己之力.     

Managers' Perceptions of their Identity: A Comparative Study between the Czech Republic and Britain

After a period of more that 40 years of Communism, the Czech Republic is in the midst of an economic transformation. One aspect of this transformation is the development of a new managerial ethos, important to manage the current infrastructural changes and ensure that Czech organizations are able to compete in international markets.
This paper reports research that examines what Czech managers think about themselves and their roles, and contrasts these perceptions with those of their British counterparts. Many of the concepts and development approaches being applied in the Czech Republic are closely related to concepts and development approaches in the West and have often been accepted unchallenged even though they are being applied in very different circumstances. The focus of this research was to understand how Czech and British managers view their jobs; how their different views relate to the techniques and approaches they adopt. The method chosen was discourse analysis applied to responses from a questionnaire, interviews and repertory grid technique. Using this approach a very different kind of understanding was gained in the way Czech managers think about management than has hitherto been assumed.
The research takes a matched group of Czech and British managers and contrasts their respective views. Our findings give important new insights for management and management development practice for both the Czech Republic and Great Britain.