共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Kristin Dale 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):1025-1038
Household skills provide job skills when tasks in jobs and household production are similar and jobs produce substitutes for
home-made services. Opportunity costs of higher education are foregone earnings during schooling and foregone household production
while studying and later in life. I show that individuals in jobs requiring household skills accept lower wage rates than
traditional human capital theory predicts, and that individuals with low household skills tend to enter higher education.
According to these results, declining household skills may have contributed to the observed increasing demand for higher education
by women.
相似文献
Kristin DaleEmail: |
2.
The effect of longevity on schooling and fertility: evidence from the Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Rodrigo R. Soares 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):71-97
This paper presents microevidence on the effect of adult longevity on schooling and fertility. Higher longevity is systematically
associated with higher schooling and lower fertility. The paper looks at the 1996 Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey
and constructs an adult longevity variable based on the mortality history of the respondent's family. Families with histories
of high adult mortality in previous generations have systematically higher fertility and lower schooling. These effects are
not associated with omitted variables and remain unchanged after a large array of factors is accounted for (demographic characteristics,
family-specific child mortality, regional development, socioeconomic status, etc.).
相似文献
Rodrigo R. SoaresEmail: |
3.
Martin Nordin 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):703-717
Using the Swedish military enlistment test, this paper estimates the return to schooling for individuals belonging to different
parts of the ability distribution. It also attempts to predict whether an endogenous test score causes bias in the “ability-specific”
returns to schooling that varies with the test score. A significant finding is that a higher score in the test is associated
with a higher return to schooling, but that the positive association is diminishing in the test score. In general, the bias
in the ability-specific returns to schooling does not seem to vary with the test score level.
相似文献
Martin NordinEmail: |
4.
Sharada Weir 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(1):203-222
Evidence on the extent of low enrolment and late entry for a sample of rural households in Ethiopia is provided, and two potential
sources of education externality benefits for school-age children, parental and neighbourhood education, are examined. The
education of parents, most significantly mothers, is found to contribute to children's schooling, as does the education of
neighbourhood women. The mechanisms by which such externalities may operate are considered by examining the effects of cognitive
and non-cognitive outputs of schooling upon current school enrolment of children. Findings illustrate both the importance
of girls' schooling and some challenges for education policy.
相似文献
Sharada WeirEmail: |
5.
Deborah Cobb-Clark Marie D. Connolly Christopher Worswick 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):663-690
This paper examines post-migration investments in schooling and job search of immigrant families using new longitudinal data
for Australia. Higher education levels at the time of arrival are associated with a greater probability of enrolling in school
after migration. In households where the visa category would suggest that post-migration investments might be important, we
find higher rates of school enrolment and job search. Traditional gender roles appear to dictate which partner makes the investments
in formal schooling. However, labour market advantage, captured by principal applicant status, appears to dictate which partner
makes greater investments in job search.
相似文献
Christopher Worswick (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Nathanael T. Lauster 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(4):329-351
Familistic and individualistic theories both provide explanations for recent declines in family household formation. Securing access to housing plays a key role in new household formation for both these theories. Familistic theories hypothesize a positive relationship between access to housing and new family household formation. Individualistic theories hypothesize a positive relationship between access to housing and nonfamily household formation. Here I test these hypotheses in Sweden by modeling leaving home for family and nonfamily household formation using the Swedish Family Survey and supplemental housing data. I find significant support for the familistic notion that greater access to housing increases the likelihood of family household formation. I fail to find support for the individualistic theory.
相似文献
Nathanael T. LausterEmail: Phone: +1-765-655-9169 |
7.
Jackline Wahba 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):823-852
This paper examines the influence of adult market wages and having parents who were child labourers on child labour, when this decision is jointly determined with child schooling, using data from Egypt. The empirical results suggest that low adult market wages are key determinants of child labour; a 10% increase in the illiterate male market wage decreases the probability of child labour by 22% for boys and 13% for girls. The findings also indicate the importance of social norms in the intergenerational persistence of child labour: parents who were child labourers themselves are on average 10% more likely to send their children to work. In addition, higher local regional income inequality increases the likelihood of child labour.
相似文献
Jackline WahbaEmail: Fax: +44-23-80593858 |
8.
This study applies rich data from the 2000 Swiss census to investigate the patterns of intergenerational education transmission
for natives and second-generation immigrants. The level of secondary schooling attained by youth aged 17 is related to their
parents’ educational outcomes based on data on the entire Swiss population. Extending economic theories of child educational
attainment, we derive hypotheses regarding the patterns of intergenerational education transmission. The data yield substantial
heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission across population groups. Only a small share of this heterogeneity is explained
by the predictions of economic theory.
相似文献
Regina T. Riphahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
Black is not always black. Subtle distinctions in skin tone translate into significant differences in outcomes. Data on more
than 15,000 households interviewed during the 1860 US federal census exhibit sharp differences in wealth holdings between
white, mulatto, and black households in the urban South. We document these differences, investigate relationships between
wealth and recorded household characteristics, and decompose the wealth gaps to examine the returns to racial characteristics.
The analysis reveals a distinct racial hierarchy. Black wealth was only 20% of white wealth, but mulattoes held nearly 50%
of whites’ wealth. This advantage is consistent with colourism, the favouritism shown to those of lighter complexion.
相似文献
Christopher S. RuebeckEmail: |
10.
The determinants and consequences of child care subsidies for single mothers in the USA 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
This paper provides an analysis of child care subsidies under welfare reform in the USA. We used data from the 1999 National
Survey of America's Families to analyze the determinants of receipt of a child care subsidy and the effects of subsidy receipt
on employment, school attendance, unemployment, and welfare participation. Ordinary least-squares estimates that treat subsidy
receipt as exogenous show an effect of subsidy receipt on employment of about 13 percentage points. Two-stage least-squares
estimates that treat subsidy receipt as endogenous and use county dummies as identifying instruments show an effect of 33
percentage points on employment, 20 percentage points on unemployment, and no effects on schooling and welfare receipt.
相似文献
Erdal Tekin (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
12.
Aydogan Ulker 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(2):373-394
This paper examines the role of household formation in providing consumption insurance to the elderly. Using data from the
Consumer Expenditure Surveys, raw tabulations of per adult equivalent consumption indicate that the elderly who live alone
have higher levels of well-being relative to those who live with others. This is misleading, however, because the decision
to live alone is clearly endogenous. The empirical estimation accounts for this endogeneity using data from the Panel Study
of Income Dynamics. The results provide evidence that household formation plays a significant role in maintaining consumption
levels. Without the opportunity to live with others, the welfare gap measured by the difference between per adult equivalent
consumption levels of dependent and independent livers would be even larger. These findings suggest that co-residing with
others effectively supplements social security, pensions, and private savings and helps the elderly to smooth consumption
in old age.
相似文献
Aydogan UlkerEmail: |
13.
Frederic Vermeulen 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):99-118
This paper presents a collective discrete-choice model for female labour supply. Preferences of females and the intra-household
allocation process are both econometrically identified. The model incorporates non-participation and non-linear taxation.
It is applied to Belgian micro-data and is used to evaluate two revenue-neutral versions of the 2001 Tax Reform Act. We find
small positive behavioural responses to the reforms. The reforms are not unambiguously welfare-improving. Generally, the first
revenue-neutral reform (the actual reform and a household lump-sum tax) is more beneficial to females in couples than the
second (the actual reform and a proportional decrease of household disposable incomes).
相似文献
Frederic VermeulenEmail: |
14.
Demographic and Health Survey data from nine African countries make it clear that HIV/AIDS prevention knowledge has been increasing.
Still, in many cases, fewer than half of adult respondents can identify specific prevention behaviors. Knowledge is lowest
in rural areas and among women. HIV testing generally remains rare but is highly variable across countries, likely reflecting
differences in the supply of testing services. In most cases, schooling and wealth impacts on prevention knowledge have either
been stable or have increased; hence, in the majority of contexts, initial disparities in knowledge by education and wealth
levels have persisted or widened.
相似文献
David E. SahnEmail: |
15.
Leah K. VanWey Álvaro O. D’Antona Eduardo S. Brondízio 《Population and environment》2007,28(3):163-185
Demographic interest in population and environment has grown in recent decades. One of the most prominent research areas in
this tradition addresses the impact of population on land use and land cover change. Building on this tradition, we examine
the effects of household demographic composition on land use and land cover on small farms in two study areas in the Brazilian
Amazon. Fixed effects regression models of used area and forested area show few consistent effects of changes in household
demography on land use and land cover change. Effects are inconsistent with the household life cycle model that currently
dominates the literature on household demographic effects in frontiers. Changes in the number of children and women, particularly
young women, have the most significant effects on land use and land cover change. We conclude by arguing that households strategically
access cash for investment in agriculture and that specific strategies are determined by economic and institutional context.
相似文献
Leah K. VanWeyEmail: |
16.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
17.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
18.
Job loss and family adjustments in work and schooling during the Mexican peso crisis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use individual data from a panel of families during the depth of the peso crisis in Mexico to investigate whether the transition
of the male household head from employment into unemployment affects the labor force participation of his spouse and children.
We find that significant added-worker effects are in operation especially for adult females (wives), but no evidence that
the labor force participation, the school attendance, and the likelihood of advancing to the next school grade of teenage
males are influenced by the event of unemployment of the household head. The head's unemployment is significantly associated
with a higher probability that teenage females do not attend school. However, lower attendance does not appear to impede their
advancement to the next grade.
相似文献
Susan W. ParkerEmail: |
19.
We explore the labor market returns to the General Education Development (GED) exam for US natives and the foreign-born. We find that foreign-born men with a GED who received all of their formal schooling abroad earn significantly more than either foreign-schooled high school dropouts or graduates. In contrast, among US natives, GED recipients earn less than high school graduates but significantly more than dropouts. The returns for natives become larger over the life cycle and are not due to cohort effects. Our findings indicate that the GED may be more valuable in the labor market than some previous research suggests.
相似文献
David A. Jaeger (Corresponding author)Email: Fax: +1-757-2211175 |
20.
In this article we characterise the well-being of young children in the Belgian region of Flanders. We focus on three commonly
used indicators: educational attainment, the existence of special needs and the occurrence of problematic behaviour. The former
derives from a relatively impartial source, the schooling system, while the latter two originate from parental assessment.
Somewhat surprisingly, the different measures are only weakly associated with each other. Moreover, negative outcomes tend
to correlate with different characteristics of the child and the household, depending on the well-being indicator used. Only
a low level of education of the mother and the fact the child is living in a single parent family is consistently associated
with negative outcomes. This is not true, however, for a whole range of other characteristics, like the work schedule of the
parents, the sex of the child, the child’s rank in the line of siblings or the number of children in the household. Consequently,
policy makers should be wary of quick conclusions when presented with results from single indicator research. Educational
lagging, for example, may seem a very objective measure of problems, yet it does not necessarily coincide with problematic
behaviour nor a parental perception of special needs. Hence, political action is not self-evident and may require additional
justification. For future research, a more thorough investigation about the links between the various indicators of child
well-being seems indicated.
相似文献
Evelien Van Vlasselaer (Corresponding author)Email: |