欧洲联盟研究与发展政策

近一二十年来 ,欧洲联盟为了最大限度地发挥其研究与技术发展的潜力 ,增强欧洲工业的国际竞争力 ,制订了一系列促进欧洲研究与技术发展的政策和计划。本文主要以欧洲联盟的 6个研究与技术发展框架计划为线索 ,阐述这个共同体在研究与发展领域的主要政策走向。     

日本产业技术政策探析

产业技术政策是产业政策的一个重要的组成部分,其政策目标也是提高经济活动的绩效,但它主要是通过影响市场机构来充分发挥市场主体的创新积极性,提高产业技术水平和能力,从而提高本国的综合国力。     

始终不渝坚持和平发展是当代中国的必然选择

始终不渝走和平发展道路,这是中国共产党以科学发展观为指导,根据时代发展潮流和自身根本利益作出的战略抉择。中国始终不渝走和平发展道路有着历史与现实的必然性,是全球化时代的必然要求,是透析世界历史发展和传承中国传统文化而作出的明智选择。     

基于中欧航线的北极航道经济性分析

随着全球气候变暖,北极航道全面通航的可能性日益增加,引起相关航运与贸易国家的关注。北极航道的开通,将使中欧间的海运航线大幅缩短,可以节约营运成本,降低航行风险,并能增加新的货种。鉴于此,本文通过对现有中欧航线与北极航道的经济性进行比较,从航线里程、船舶成本两方面论证了北极航道通航的经济性及其对我国对外贸易和航运的重要意义。     

An Analysis of Supervisor Support of Policies on Workplace Flexibility

ABSTRACT

Workplace flexibility policies provide workers with an opportunity to attain a healthy work–life balance. This study utilized a secondary data set of 658 supervisors from a study that was commissioned by the work–life office of a major university in the Southern United States to get a better understanding of the implementation of flexibility policies at this university. The purpose of examining this secondary data set was to determine whether supervisors who have caregiving responsibilities are more likely to be supportive of workplace flexibility policies than those with no caregiving responsibilities. The findings indicate that supervisors who have caregiving responsibilities are no more likely to be supportive of workplace flexibility than those with no caregiving responsibilities. This finding is important to those who have a vested interest in understanding factors that may promote or undermine workplace policies that have direct impact on workers and their families. Future research and recommendations for practice are made.     

Intertemporal choice under timing risk: An experimental approach

This paper investigates how individuals evaluate delayed outcomes with risky realization times. Under the discounted expected utility (DEU) model, such evaluations depend only on intertemporal preferences. We obtain several testable hypotheses using the DEU model as a benchmark and test these hypotheses in three experiments. In general, our results show that the DEU model is a poor predictor of intertemporal choice behavior under timing risk. We found that individuals are averse to timing risk and that they evaluate timing lotteries in a rank-dependent fashion. The main driver of timing risk aversion is nothing but probabilistic risk aversion that stems from the nonlinear treatment of probabilities.     

Analysis of Intertemporal Choice: A New Framework and Experimental Results

This paper reports the results of a series of experiments examining intertemporal choice. The paper makes three contributions: First, it presents a new analytic device, the intertemporal choice triangle, which is analogous to the Marschak--Machina choice triangle used in the analysis of choice under risk. Second, we have developed a new experimental design based on the intertemporal choice triangle which allows subjects greater flexibility in making choices, and which allows the researcher to make more subtle inferences, than are possible with designs previously employed. Subjects are able to create their most-preferred outcome in each choice situation by choosing a constrained linear combination of two extreme options. Third, our results show that while subjects do not typically maximize present value, they are significantly influenced break by present value considerations. We refer to this finding as it present value-seeking behavior. We find only weak evidence of several previously documented intertemporal choice anomalies in our framework.     

解析“知识发展战略”

“知识发展战略”是应对知识经济挑战的产物,它正在成为企业、区域乃至国家发展战略的普遍选择。本文提出,知识发展战略是以知识为基础的发展战略;知识发展战略的本质在于“知识创新”;知识发展战略的核心是人才战略;知识发展战略的主要内容是“学习”和创建“学习型组织”。文章最后对我国实施知识发展战略的基本问题进行了初步的探讨。     

日本内容产业发展分析

在信息技术发展的推动下,以制造、销售信息产品及其服务的内容产业出现了崭新的形态,在社会经济发展中占据了重要的地位。日本将其传统的内容产品同现代的信息技术结合起来,近年来实现了内容产业的快速发展,其国内外的市场规模不断扩大。基于内容产业代表了当代产业发展的方向和兼具产业经济及文化传播的双重功能的特点,日本政府将发展内容产业上升到国家战略的高度,制定了一系列的政策来促进内容产业的发展。     

An International Study of Research Misconduct Policies

Research misconduct is an international concern. Misconduct policies can play a crucial role in preventing and policing research misconduct, and many institutions have developed their own policies. While institutional policies play a key role in preventing and policing misconduct, national policies are also important to ensure consistent promulgation and enforcement of ethical standards. The purpose of this study was to obtain more information about research misconduct policies across the globe. We found that twenty-two of the top forty research and development funding countries (55%) had a national misconduct policy. Four countries (18.2%) are in the process of developing a policy, and four (18.2%) have a national research ethics code but no misconduct policy. All twenty-two countries (100%) with national policies included fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism in the definition of misconduct, but beyond that there was considerable diversity. Unethical authorship was mentioned in 54.6% of the misconduct definitions, followed by unethical publication practices (36.4%), conflict of interest mismanagement (36.4%), unethical peer review (31.8%), misconduct related to misconduct investigations (27.3%), poor record keeping (27.3%), other deception (27.3%), serious deviations (22.7%), violating confidentiality (22.7%), and human or animal research violations (22.7%). Having a national policy was positively associated with research and development funding ranking and intensiveness. To promote integrity in international research collaborations, countries should seek to harmonize and clarify misconduct definitions and develop procedures for adjudicating conflicts when harmonization does not occur.     

Social Dialogue: A Potential "Highroad" to Policies Addressing Ageing in The EU Member States

The impact of demographic ageing on the sustainability of pensions has become the focus of heated debate in Europe, as governments try to reform their welfare systems. Among the most vocal opponents of the reforms are employers' organizations and managements, trade unions and individual workers. The article looks at the issues at stake and the relevance of social dialogue, despite difficulties, for reaching consensus among all stakeholders on acceptable labour market and pension reforms. These have to be comprehensive and free from ideological a priori assumptions. Specific examples of available options are mentioned, including Finland, Denmark, Spain and the United Kingdom.     

财政政策反周期运作与北京经济可持续发展

财政政策应对经济发展实行逆向调节,以此理论为依据,对北京市经济发展及其财政收支状况进行分析,可以发现,北京市的财政政策存在诸多问题。文章从财政收支弹性系数和可持续财政收支两个方面对目前北京市财政政策和地方经济可持续发展进行了论证。     

21世纪区域旅游市场营销策略发展趋势研究

21世纪旅游市场将呈现出流行化与大众化、品牌化与感性化、质量化与享受化、多层化与差异化、普及化与社会化等趋势,面对这种变化,我国旅游业必须强化自己的差别优势以适应21世纪世界旅游市场营销策略发展趋势。     

东盟对华政策和中国—东盟关系的发展

本文在东盟发展的总体趋势和中国与东南亚国家关系特点的大背景下,考察了当代东盟与中国的关系,认为现阶段中国—东盟关系处于历史上最好的时期,分析了东盟作为一个东南亚国家的区域性组织对华政策的基本定位、核心内容、重要目的,提出东盟对华关系实际上存在着一个整体(东盟)、两大板块(半岛和海岛)和10个国家三个局面,探讨了近期和从更长时期看影响中国—东盟关系的一些重要因素,并对进一层深化和发展中国—东盟关系提出了建设性的建议。     

东亚经济能否稳定并持续增长的产业因素分析

本文从产业结构调整、出口竞争力与宏观经济发展的关系这一层面进行分析,认为,产业因素是东亚经济复苏严重受挫的深层次原因。由于电子信息技术产业已经成为带动东亚国家和地区经济增长的主要动力和支柱产业。因此,东亚地区金融市场和宏观经济的稳定与否,与该地区电子信息技术产业的发展密切相关,未来电子信息技术产业的发展将是影响东亚经济能否获得持续稳定发展的最重要因素。面对产业全球化的不断发展变化,东亚国家和地区必须在大量吸引外资和技术的同时,练好内功,在产业结构调整、技术创新和人力资源发展战略方面尽快适应新时期发展需要,以便提高其综合竞争力。     

近年日本区域经济发展浅析

近年日本区域经济取得较为强劲的发展。区域新格局的形成、城镇经济的协调发展、互动机制的创建,已成为日本区域经济发展的新亮点。本文就日本区域经济发展的突出特点、主要举措、存在的问题作些浅析。当前,在我国促进区域协调发展的重要时期,研究日本的经验及作法,很有现实意义。     

中国电视剧叙事发展轨迹探析

通过中西文化的交流融合,中国电视剧的叙事方式可能发生多方面的转变。＂叙事＂既表现为创作者的思想观念,又表现为本文的表层、深层结构。本文由中国电视剧的＂叙事＂入手,把握文本的深层结构,总结叙事模式,探寻中国电视剧创作发展方向的可能性,认为中国电视剧在注重故事内容的挖掘、丰富故事所蕴含的情感和内涵的同时,也要关注对形式的设计,以加强叙事结构和叙事技巧性。