基于Heronian平均算子的Pythagorean模糊不确定语言决策方法

针对评价信息为Pythagorean模糊不确定语言数、属性权重未知且属性间相互影响的多属性决策问题,提出一种基于灰色关联法和Heronian平均算子的决策方法。首先,提出Pythagorean模糊不确定语言Heronian平均（PFULHM）算子和Pythagorean模糊不确定语言几何Heronian平均（PFULGHM）算子,并证明其满足幂等性、单调性、有界性及可交换性。考虑到属性权重之间重要程度的差异,定义了Pythagorean模糊不确定语言加权Heronian平均（PFULWHM）算子和Pythagorean模糊不确定语言加权几何Heronian平均（PFULWGHM）算子。其次,将灰色关联法运用到Pythagorean模糊不确定语言环境中求解属性权重。最后,提出基于PFULWHM算子和PFULWGHM算子的决策方法,并通过算例分析说明本文提出方法的有效性。     

Evaluation of the results of multi-attribute group decision-making with linguistic information

Multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) has received increasing attentions in both engineering and economy fields. Correspondingly, many valuable methods have been developed to solve various MAGDM problems, but relatively, very few research results focus on the evaluation of the effect of MAGDM. In this paper, based on the existing MAGDM methods with linguistic information, three key evaluation indices, consistency, closeness and uniformity, are proposed to measure the results of MAGDM from different aspects. By comparing the individual overall preference values with the collective ones, the three indices cannot only provide a reference for judging the decision-making effect of each decision maker, but also reflect the effect of group decision-making to a certain extent. The practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method are shown by two heuristic examples. Furthermore, the proposed method will be helpful for setting and adjusting the weights of both attributes and decision makers, as well as for selecting and comparing various aggregation operators and methods in dynamic or interactive group decision-making.     

群决策中基于二元语义的主客观权重集成方法

针对一类属性值和属性权重信息均以语言评价信息形式给出的多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于二元语义信息处理的主客观属性权重集成方法.首先运用二元语义集成算子计算属性的主观权重,然后给出一种基于最小偏差的属性客观权重计算方法,该方法根据决策者给出的语言决策矩阵计算决策群体对属性判断的偏差,偏差越大,表明决策者对该属性评价意见的分歧越大,则应赋给该属性越小的权重值,以提高群体意见的一致性.在此基础上,对属性的主、客观权重信息进行集成,得到属性综合权重.最后通过算例说明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

一种基于TOPSIS的混合型多属性群决策方法

本文针对具有语言型和直觉模糊数两种评价信息的混合型多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于TOPSIS的决策方法。首先,定义了新的函数,可将不同粒度的语言评价信息转换成直觉模糊数。其次,在直觉模糊数熵值的基础上,提出了一种新的专家权重确定模型。再次,利用IFWA算子在把个体决策矩阵集结为群体决策矩阵后,基于TOPSIS分别计算群体评价值到正理想解和负理想解的距离,从而得到方案集的排序。最后,在ERP选优问题中的应用,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于不确定纯语言混合调和平均算子的多属性群决策方法

在现实生活中,由于决策者对一些特定领域问题的熟悉度和时间限制等因素制约,决策信息一般以不确定纯语言的形式给出,即专家权重、属性权重及属性值均为语言标度的形式. 本文研究了不确定纯语言环境下的多属性群决策问题,给出了不确定环境下的纯语言有序加权调和平均(UPLOWHA)算子,纯语言混合调和平均(UPLHHA)算子等,研究了基于这些算子的纯语言多属性群决策问题,提出了相应的多属性群决策方法. 该方法计算方便且能充分利用已有语言决策信息. 同时,将该方法应用于解决虚拟企业中的合作伙伴选择问题,并通过与其他方法的比较分析,说明此方法的有效性.     

Dominance intensity measure within fuzzy weight oriented MAUT: An application

We introduce a dominance intensity measuring method to derive a ranking of alternatives to deal with incomplete information in multi-criteria decision-making problems on the basis of multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) and fuzzy sets theory. We consider the situation where there is imprecision concerning decision-makers' preferences, and imprecise weights are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy weights. The proposed method is based on the dominance values between pairs of alternatives. These values can be computed by linear programming, as an additive multi-attribute utility model is used to rate the alternatives. Dominance values are then transformed into dominance intensity measures, used to rank the alternatives under consideration. Distances between fuzzy numbers based on the generalization of the left and right fuzzy numbers are utilized to account for fuzzy weights.     

An approach to consensus measurement of linguistic preference relations in multi-attribute group decision making and application

This paper studies the group decision making problem with linguistic preference relations. We first study the consensus measure between the individual preference relations and the collective (group) preference relation by defining the concept of degree of similarity between two linguistic values and two linguistic preference relations. Then we propose a concept of the acceptance consensus threshold value for group decision making with linguistic preference information. We show that the consensus between individual preference relations and the collective (group) preference relation is greater than the weighted similarity degree of a given individual preference relation with respect to other individual preference relations in group decision making with linguistic preference relations. The results will help in the analysis of crucial issues of conflict and agreement among preferences of decision-makers, which affect the consensus of group decision making with linguistic preference relations. Theoretical foundations are then established for the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to evaluate the degree of consensus of individual overall preference values with respect to the collective overall preference values for multi-attribute group decision making with linguistic information. The main contribution of this paper is twofold. One is to present a new way to measure the consensus between the individual preference relations and the collective (group) preference relation in group decision making with linguistic preference information. Another is to provide an effective approach to evaluating individual overall preference values with respect to the collective overall preference values in multi-attribute group decision making with linguistic information.     

一种语言评价信息不完全的多属性群决策方法

针对语言评价信息不完全的多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于D-S理论的新决策方法。该方法首先对多个决策者给出不完全的语言评价信息进行分析,得到不同属性下各焦元的基本概率分配函数值,然后通过Dempster-Shafer合成法则对其值进行合成,计算决策方案的信度函数和似真函数值,并据此对所有决策方案进行排序。最后,通过一个算例验证该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于一致性度量的概率模糊语言多属性群决策方法

人们通常习惯用语言术语来表达他们的偏好，因此概率型语言术语集（Probabilistic Linguistic Term Set，PLTS）在决策过程中有着十分重要的作用。目前PLTS的研究刚刚起步，有关PLTS的相关研究没有关注到一致性度量的问题，对于PLTS的多属性群决策方法有待进一步研究。首先，给出了一种新的PLTS的集结方法，并且在已有的PLTS可能度公式的基础上，构建了PLTS的相似度量方法，在此基础上，进一步提出了基于PLTS一致性度量的多属性群决策方法。该方法在各决策者权重未知的情况下，考虑到各决策者之间的一致性。首先，定义PLTS的一致性度量公式，确定决策者权重；并根据PLTS的集结方法，集结各决策者的评价信息；最后，利用可能度公式对PLTS进行排序。通过案例分析验证了该方法的可行性和优越性。     

An integrated method for cognitive complex multiple experts multiple criteria decision making based on ELECTRE III with weighted Borda rule

The ELECTRE (ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité, in French) is an effective multiple criteria decision making method based on comparative analysis. Among the family of the ELECTRE methods and their extensions, the ELECTRE III is widely used since it can tackle uncertain and imprecise information. The hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set can represent people's perceptions more comprehensively and flexibly than exact numbers especially in cognitive complex decision-making process. In this paper, we develop an integrated method based on the ELECTRE III to handle the cognitive complex multiple experts multiple criteria decision making problems in which the cognitive complex information is represented by hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and the outranking relations between alternatives are calculated by a novel score-function-based distance measure between hesitant fuzzy linguistic elements. A combinative weight-determining method involving both subjective and objective opinions of experts is introduced to derive the weights of criteria. After obtaining the ranking of alternatives from each experts’ decision matrix by the distillation algorithm, the weighted Borda rule is implemented to aggregate the rankings of alternatives regarding different experts. Some ordinal consensus measures are introduced to identify the reliability of the final ranking result. An application of hospital ranking in China is provided to validate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

基于证据推理和广义Shapley值的扩展概率语言多属性群决策方法

扩展概率语言词集通过语言变量概率分布的调整能够转化为多种语言信息表示模型,是语言变量、不确定语言信息、扩展犹豫模糊语言词集、分布语言评估信息、概率语言词集等的一般化,具有较强的通用性和实用性,是处理不确定性信息的重要工具。鉴于此,本文针对扩展概率语言环境下的多属性群决策问题,提出基于证据推理和广义Shapley值的多属性群决策方法。首先,提出扩展概率语言词集的定义和相关基础理论。其次,将广义Shapley值和证据推理相结合用于专家信息融合,并将广义Shapley值和TODIM方法相结合用于备选方案排序。再次,提出基于灰色关联法的权重确定模型来处理专家/属性权重部分未知的情况。最后,以绿色供应商选择为例进行分析,通过对比分析验证所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于VIKOR和诱导广义直觉梯形模糊Choquet积分算子的多属性群决策方法

针对属性值为直觉梯形模糊数,决策者间和属性间存在相互关联的多属性群决策问题,引入模糊测度和Choquet积分的概念,在直觉梯形模糊数的运算法则基础上构建了诱导型广义直觉梯形模糊choquet积分平均(IG-ITFCA)算子和诱导型广义直觉梯形模糊choquet积分几何(IG-ITFCG)算子,探讨上述算子的若干性质及一些特例,进而提出了基于诱导型广义直觉梯形模糊Choquet积分算子和多准则妥协优化解(VIKOR)的直觉梯形模糊多属性群决策方法。实例分析验证该方法的有效性和合理性。     

区间直觉模糊数环境下基于犹豫度和相关系数的多属性群决策模型研究

多属性群决策问题是当今复杂决策环境下的研究热点,而区间直觉模糊数可以从隶属度、非隶属度和犹豫度三方面描述不确定信息,具有很强的表现能力,因此学界基于区间直觉模糊数对多属性群决策问题进行了大量研究。但是现有研究一方面在处理共识达成问题时所广泛采用的"多数原则"策略会导致某些关键信息或知识被视为冲突意见而被修改或忽视;另一方面基于距离的区间直觉模糊数相似性测算方法忽略了犹豫度的影响,会造成评价信息损失。针对上述不足,提出区间直觉模糊数环境下基于犹豫度和相关系数的多属性群决策模型。首先,通过个体犹豫度和群体犹豫度的提出,保证了决策群体内部信息和知识的有效交流,使关键性决策信息或知识不会通过强制修改或删除的方式失效;其次,采用区间直觉模糊数相关系数测量相似度,避免基于距离测算而可能出现的错误结果;继而,将决策主体权重设置为区间直觉模糊数形式,通过计算不同决策者之间的相对优势值和劣势值进行主观赋值,保证了决策者权重的客观性和真实性;此外,结合TOPSIS和线性规划方法求解得到最优属性权重,保证了属性赋值的精确性,最后,通过具体的应用实例以及与当前学界主要研究成果的比较分析,进一步论证了所提模型的优势和创新性。     

基于区间灰色不确定语言的多准则决策方法

定义了区间灰色不确定语言及其运算法则和距离公式。拓展了连续区间数据的OWA(C-OWA)算子,提出了基于区间灰色不确定语言的有序加权C-OWA(IGULOWC-OWA)算子,并对其性质进行了分析。针对准则权重已知而方案的准则值为区间灰色不确定语言的多准则决策问题,提出了一种基于IGULOWC-OWA算子的多准则决策方法。该方法通过对各方案在各个准则下的评价值进行转换,将区间灰色不确定语言转化为不确定语言,然后,利用集结算子计算出各个方案的综合准则值,进而得出各方案的排序。最后通过算例表明了方法的可行性和有效性。     

Distribution of Aggregate Utility Using Stochastic Elements of Additive Multiattribute Utility Models

Conventionally, elements of a multiattribute utility model characterizing a decision maker's preferences, such as attribute weights and attribute utilities, are treated as deterministic, which may be unrealistic because assessment of such elements can be imprecise and erroneous, or differ among a group of individuals. Moreover, attempting to make precise assessments can be time consuming and cognitively demanding. We propose to treat such elements as stochastic variables to account for inconsistency and imprecision in such assessments. Under these assumptions, we develop procedures for computing the probability distribution of aggregate utility for an additive multiattribute utility function (MAUF), based on the Edgeworth expansion. When the distributions of aggregate utility for all alternatives in a decision problem are known, stochastic dominance can then be invoked to filter inferior alternatives. We show that, under certain mild conditions, the aggregate utility distribution approaches normality as the number of attributes increases. Thus, only a few terms from the Edgeworth expansion with a standard normal density as the base function will be sufficient for approximating an aggregate utility distribution in practice. Moreover, the more symmetric the attribute utility distributions, the fewer the attributes to achieve normality. The Edgeworth expansion thus can provide a basis for a computationally viable approach for representing an aggregate utility distribution with imprecisely specified attribute weights and utilities assessments (or differing weights and utilities across individuals). Practical guidelines for using the Edgeworth approximation are given. The proposed methodology is illustrated using a vendor selection problem.     

基于限制优势关系的粗糙决策分析模型

针对信息不完全的偏好多属性决策问题,给出一种基于拓展粗糙集的决策分析模型.首先提出限制优势关系的概念;然后在限制优势关系下得到知识的粗糙近似,给出分类决策规则.对比分析证明,限制优势关系既保留了扩展优势关系的优点,又在一定程度上克服了扩展优势关系的局限性.最后通过一个实例验证了所提出的模型对信息不完备决策系统的处理更符合实际情况。     

一种具有不同粒度语言判断矩阵的群决策方法

针对具有不同粒度语言判断矩阵形式的偏好信息的群决策问题,提出了一种基于二元语义运算的群决策方法.在该方法中,首先给出了不同粒度语言判断矩阵的定义;然后给出了不同粒度语言判断矩阵一致化为由基本语言评价集表示的二元语义信息的方法,并且采用近年来最新发展的关于二元语义信息集结的加权平均算子和语言优势度直接对语言短语进行运算,最终确定最优方案;最后给出了一个算例.     

基于交叉效率DEA与群体共识的区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策

针对区间乘性语言偏好关系群决策问题，提出了一种基于交叉效率DEA和群体共识的群决策方法。首先，提出乘性语言偏好关系导出函数的定义，并构建产出导向的DEA模型，证明了一致性乘性语言偏好关系的DEA效率得分与排序向量之间存在比例关系。在此基础上，建立基于理想值的交叉效率DEA模型，提出乘性语言偏好关系的通用排序方法。同时，基于群体共识建立目标规划模型来计算各语言偏好关系的权重系数。最后，利用Monte Carlo随机模拟的方法对群体语言偏好空间进行统计分析，得到群决策期望排序向量及其可信度。算例分析表明本文方法能够有效的避免信息损失，具有较强的适用性和较高的可信度。     

Coping with Group Behaviors in Uncertain Quality Function Deployment

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem‐solving tool gaining wide acceptance for translating customer needs (CNs) into technical attributes (TAs) of a product. It is a crucial step to derive the prioritization of TAs from CNs in QFD. However, it is not so straightforward to prioritize TAs due to two types of uncertainties: human subjective perception and user variability. The main focus of this article is to propose a group decision‐making approach to uncertain QFD with an application to a flexible manufacturing system design. The proposed approach performs computations solely based on the order‐based semantics of linguistic labels to eliminate the burden of quantifying qualitative concepts in QFD. Moreover, it incorporates the importance weights of users and the concept of fuzzy majority into aggregations of individual fuzzy preference relations of different TAs in order to model the group behaviors in QFD. Finally, based on a quantifier‐guided net flow score procedure, the proposed approach derives a priority ranking with a classification of TAs into important and unimportant ones so as to provide a better decision‐support to the decision‐maker. Due to the easiness in articulating preferential information, our approach can reduce the cognitive burden of QFD planning team and give a practical convenience in the process of QFD planning.     

A Novel Human Error Probability Assessment Using Fuzzy Modeling

Human error is one of the significant factors contributing to accidents. Traditional human error probability (HEP) studies based on fuzzy number concepts are one of the contributions addressing such a problem. It is particularly useful under circumstances where the lack of data exists. However, the degree of the discriminability of such studies may be questioned when applied under circumstances where experts have adequate information and specific values can be determined in the abscissa of the membership function of linguistic terms, that is, the fuzzy data of each scenario considered are close to each other. In this article, a novel HEP assessment aimed at solving such a difficulty is proposed. Under the framework, the fuzzy data are equipped with linguistic terms and membership values. By establishing a rule base for data combination, followed by the defuzzification and HEP transformation processes, the HEP results can be acquired. The methodology is first examined using a test case consisting of three different scenarios of which the fuzzy data are close to each other. The results generated are compared with the outcomes produced from the traditional fuzzy HEP studies using the same test case. It is concluded that the methodology proposed in this study has a higher degree of the discriminability and is capable of providing more reasonable results. Furthermore, in situations where the lack of data exists, the proposed approach is also capable of providing the range of the HEP results based on different risk viewpoints arbitrarily established as illustrated using a real‐world example.