基于统计分析的中国制造业绿色供应链管理动力研究

随着资源紧缺和环境的恶化,绿色供应链管理作为循环经济在企业层面的实践,已成为制造业实现可持续发展的重要战略.借鉴国内外文献及环保专家的意见,设计问卷进行调研;借助社会科学统计软件SPSS,通过因子分析识别出中国制造业实施绿色供应链管理的压力/动力主因子;结合国内外相关情况探讨影响因子的作用机理,从而提出中国制造业绿色供应链管理的动力模型;最后提出企业开展绿色供应链管理实践的对策建议.     

Environmental and social supply chain management sustainability practices: construct development and measurement

The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise and operationalise the concept of supply chain management sustainability practices. Based on a multi-stage procedure involving a literature review, expert Q-sort and pre-test process, pilot test and survey of 156 supply chain directors and managers in Ireland, we develop a multidimensional conceptualisation and measure of social and environmental supply chain management sustainability practices. The research findings show theoretically sound constructs based on four underlying sustainable supply chain management practices: monitoring, implementing systems, new product and process development and strategy redefinition. A two-factor model is then identified as the most reliable: comprising process-based and market-based practices.     

电子商务时代的供应链管理

电子商务的迅猛发展对全球经济产生了巨大冲击。本文论述了企业赖以生存的市场环境在电子商务时代发生的重大变革、以及供应链管理在这种背景下的核心任务,并且对电子商务时代供应链管理的若干方法、途径进行了探讨。     

零售商主导下促进绿色产品需求的联合研发契约协调研究

针对绿色环保产品价格过高,阻碍其成为主流消费品这一现实问题,在绿色经济背景下,探讨零售商向负责绿色研发成本投入的制造商提供不同联合研发契约时的供应链均衡策略和协调问题。以零售商主导的双边垄断型绿色供应链为研究对象,在考虑消费者环保意识、产品绿色度水平、价格等多种因素影响需求的基础上,分别探讨批发价契约、成本分担契约和两部制契约对绿色产品需求、供应链成员利润及渠道利润的影响。结果表明,成本分担契约无法实现供应链成员利润的Pareta改进;一定条件下,两部制契约可以实现供应链成员利润的双赢,并提高绿色产品的市场需求。此外,虽然消费者环保意识的提高并不总是会带来绿色产品市场需求的增加,但却总是会使得绿色供应链的利润提高;并且较高的消费者环保意识将激励企业追求一个较低的绿色成本系数,从而促使企业积极进行绿色技术创新努力。     

Operations Risk Management: Overview of Paul Kleindorfer's Contributions

This paper reviews Paul Kleindorfer's contributions to Operations Management (OM), with a special focus on his research on risk management. An annotated bibliography of selected other contributions reviews the breadth of topics that have occupied Kleindorfer's research attention over his now 45 + years of research. These include optimal control theory, scheduling theory, decision sciences, investment planning and peak load pricing, plus a number of important applications in network industries and insurance. In the area of operations risk management, we review recent work that Kleindorfer and his colleagues in the Wharton Risk Center have undertaken on environmental management and operations, focusing on process safety and environmental risks in the chemical industry. This work is directly related to Kleindorfer's work in the broader area of “sustainable operations”, which he, Kal Singhal and Luk Van Wassenhove recently surveyed as part of the new initiative at POMS to encompass sustainable management practices within the POMS community. Continuing in the area of supply chain risks, the paper reviews Kleindorfer's contributions to the development of an integrated framework for contracting and risk hedging for supply management. The emphasis on alignment of pricing, performance and risk management in this framework is presaged in the work undertaken by Kleindorfer and his co‐authors in the 1980s on after‐sales support services for high‐technology products. This work on supply chain risk, and its successors, is reviewed here in light of its growing importance in managing the unbundled and global supply chains characteristic of the new economy.     

考虑技术投资的供应链网络下可交易污染排放许可均衡问题

构建了包含多污染物、多污染接收点的供应链网络,考虑了生产技术和减排技术投资,对可交易的污染排放许可下的供应链网络进行了均衡分析,给出了变分不等式框架,建立了均衡模型。模型明确地处理了空间差异,同时保证了通过初始污染排放许可分配就可达到指定的环境标准。提出了模型的求解算法,最后利用提出的模型及算法对算例进行了计算,得到利润最大化下供应链网络中各工厂的产品生产量、排放量、污染排放许可的均衡分配额和污染排放许可的交易价格、技术最优投资额,并分析了成本函数参数以及工厂数量的变化对生产技术投资和减排技术投资的影响。     

LIABILITY AS A CATALYST FOR PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP

Product stewardship is the set of practices related to reducing risks from chemical and process hazards in a company's supply chain. This paper develops an economic framework for evaluating supply chain liability as a driver for adopting product stewardship. Companies that outsource production may face residual liability for damages from use of their products, when liabilities are large enough to exceed supply chain partners' assets. The resulting potential liabilities can be mitigated through product stewardship. This paper shows that extended supply chain liabilities provide incentives for investing in reducing environmental hazards throughout the supply chain.     

Product Design and Supply Chain Coordination Under Extended Producer Responsibility

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation focuses on the life‐cycle environmental performance of products and has significant implications for management theory and practice. In this paper, we examine the influence of EPR policy parameters on product design and coordination incentives in a durable product supply chain. We model a manufacturer supplying a remanufacturable product to a customer over multiple periods. The manufacturer invests in two design attributes of the product that impact costs incurred by the supply chain—performance, which affects the environmental impact of the product during use, and remanufacturability, which affects the environmental impact post‐use. Consistent with the goals of EPR policies, the manufacturer and the customer are required to share the environmental costs incurred over the product's life cycle. The customer has a continuing need for the services of the product and optimizes between the costs of product replacement and the costs incurred during use. We demonstrate how charges during use and post‐use can be used as levers to encourage environmentally favorable product design. We analyze the impact of supply chain coordination on design choices and profit and discuss contracts that can be used to achieve coordination, both under symmetric and asymmetric information about customer attributes.     

The Economic Value of a Sustainable Supply Chain

The economic rationale to operate a global supply chain in a sustainable manner is developed. Arguments are made based on marketing, finance, and production theories that by engaging in socially responsible behavior the firm will increase sales, decrease costs, reduce financial risk, and increase profits, which will ultimately increase returns to the firm's shareholders. A model is developed of the mechanism by which modern production methods such as lean production and quality management result in sustainable corporate behavior that, in the long run, translates into higher stock valuations. The production effects cause marketing and financial risk effects that are complementary, and all three channels of influence synergistically result in higher stock values in the model. These effects also provide important benefits to other stakeholders of the firms including employees, customers, the environment, and the community. An important ethical issue in global supply chains is working conditions in foreign plants often leading to allegations of sweatshop labor conditions. This issue is used to illustrate how lean production practices can affectconsumers, employees, and financial risk. Conclusions from the sweatshop labor issue are shown to apply to other sustainability issues as well.     

An integrative approach to assess environmental and economic sustainability in multi-tier supply chains

Abstract

Multi-tier supply chain sustainability is paramount to achieve corporate sustainability, due to the significant impacts from organisations beyond the focal firm boundaries and its direct suppliers. However, including environmental considerations within the dominant profit-centric logic of supply chain related decisions is prone to generate sustainability tensions. This work aims to support organisations address tensions between sustainability dimensions by adopting an integrative approach for sustainable supply chain management performance assessment thanks to an innovative eco-intensity based performance assessment method, which achieves a balanced consideration of environmental and economic performance in a weak sustainability perspective. The method, using primary data sourced from actual practice and featuring an indirect multi-tier approach with decentralised responsibilities across organisations, is applied to a case study of a machinery supply chain. The proposed integrative approach can support addressing sustainability tensions in the area of sustainable supply chain management, facilitate sustainable supplier evaluation and identify supply chain hotspots for operational improvement.     

考虑政府引导制造商节能的闭环供应链决策模型研究

运用动态博弈方法研究政府引导下制造商生产单位产品的节能程度对闭环供应链决策的影响,分别建立了由制造商、回收商及消费者构成的闭环供应链的集中式和分散式决策模型,讨论了政府如何设置最优节能程度来实现企业利润和社会责任均衡。同时通过利润补偿机制对供应链进行协调。研究发现：为了更好地提高能源节约水平,政府应设置基准节能程度;回收率随着政府制定的基准节能程度增加而增加;在政府制定相同的基准节能程度下,集中式闭环供应链比分散式闭环供应链的节能程度高;在政府制定相同的基准节能程度下,制造商利润随着政府制定的基准节能程度增加而提高,而回收商利润随着政府制定的基准节能程度增加而减少。为了提高回收商积极性,探讨了利润补偿的协调机制。算例分析验证了上述结论的正确性。     

Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports

In recent decades, the fast fashion industry has been characterized by widespread operations across both developing and developed countries. Due to the economic, social and environmental problems in developing countries, companies increasingly focus on sustainability and try to ensure the same quality and standards in working and production conditions throughout their supply chains. Although the tension in the exchange of resources between developing and developed countries lies at the heart of current sustainability activities, what these companies are actually doing to manage their supply chain has not yet been explored in depth in the literature. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Seuring and Müller (2008), the current study attempts to fill this void by conceptually mapping the current situation of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) in the fast fashion industry by analysing reports from 9 companies that use the same reporting guidelines. The results of the study reveal that these companies focus significantly on supplier compliance with their code of conduct, employing further monitoring and auditing activities to prevent production problems in developing countries, improve overall supply chain performance and set sustainability criteria for their suppliers.     

Firm-level correlates of emergent green supply chain management practices in the Chinese context

Greening the supply chain is increasingly a concern for many business enterprises and a challenge for logistics management in the 21st century. Of particular concern is how to arouse organizational environmental awareness and put environmental activities into practice in the logistics activities of their supply chains. This paper investigates the correlation of two major factors, organizational learning and management support, with the extent of adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in Chinese manufacturing firms, where their inbound and outbound logistics activities are potential polluters to the environment. Organizational and operational learning was derived from the firm's experience with programs such as total quality management and environmental management systems. Management support included support for GSCM ideas and practices from top and middle-level management and cooperation across organizational functions. We find significant positive relationships between organizational learning mechanisms, organizational support and the adoption of GSCM practices, after controlling for a number of other influences including regulations, marketing, supplier, cost pressures, industry levels of the relevant practice and organizational size. Implications of our findings on logistics management are discussed.     

Analysing critical success factors to implement sustainable supply chain practices in Indian automobile industry: a case study

The aim of this article is to analyse the critical success factors (CSFs) behind the successful implementation of sustainable supply chain practices in Indian automobile industry. Supply chain sustainability is a critical and timely topic for the developing country like India that captures increasing concerns over sustainability, whether driven by current legislation, public interest or competitive opportunity. Identification of CSFs responsible for sustainable supply chain practices and evaluating their contextual relationships has the potential to affect future government policy, current production operations and identify new business models. In response to this, this paper intends to identify CSFs based on organisational theory and model them to implement sustainable supply chain practices in Indian automobile industry. Twenty-five CSFs to implement sustainable supply chain practices based on organisational theory are recognised by means of the literature review and in discussions with experts in one case study organisation. A solution methodology based on the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique is used to propose a structural model, which not only helps in understanding the contextual relationship among these CSFs, but also in determining their interdependence to implement sustainable supply chain practices. Further, the importance of CSFs has been determined based on their driving and dependence power using MICMAC analysis. Our overarching thesis is that the insights gained are useful for Indian automobile industry and would help practitioners, regulators and academicians to focus their efforts towards implementation of sustainable supply chain practices.     

考虑商誉的双渠道供应链动态定价与联合减排策略

考虑由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链，将产品商誉和减排量作为状态变量构建微分博弈模型。文章首先讨论了不同渠道结构下供应链成员的最优均衡策略，随后探讨了广告合作-减排成本分担契约对供应链协调性的影响，最后通过算例对模型进行了分析。研究发现，产品商誉轨迹随时间变化呈现多变性，而减排量轨迹则具有单调性。与单渠道相比，双渠道下零售商的广告努力和利润下降，而制造商的减排努力和利润增大，只有当传统渠道市场占有率较高且制造商竞争较小时，制造商单渠道的利润才高于双渠道，此时制造商将不会开设网络渠道。广告合作-减排成本分担契约可以实现制造商、零售商和整个供应链系统利润的帕累托改善，且消费者低碳偏好和品牌偏好越高，制造商和零售商越有动力达成合作。     

努力弹性系数与成本同时扰动的闭环供应链协调应对研究

针对突发事件下销售努力弹性系数、回收努力弹性系数、制造成本和再制造成本同时扰动,研究了闭环供应链的制造(回收)策略、销售价格(回收价格)策略、销售努力(回收努力)策略与协调机制,给出了不同扰动条件下不同的制造(回收)调整策略、销售价格(回收价格)调整策略与销售努力(回收努力)调整策略,并设计了新的回馈与惩罚契约,使得闭环供应链能够在突发事件前后都能够实现协调应对,最后通过数值实例验证了文中结论的正确性。研究表明:闭环供应链受突发事件的影响很大,但通过对回馈与惩罚契约的调整及其相对应的制造(回收)策略、销售价格(回收价格)策略和销售努力(回收努力)策略的调整,可有效减少突发事件对闭环供应链利润的损失。     

Improving innovation performance through environmental practices in the fashion industry: the moderating effect of internationalisation and the influence of collaboration

In recent years, the scientific literature on supply chain management has increasingly debated on environmental sustainability as well as collaboration, presenting these issues as an important source of innovation along the supply chain. By combining literature streams on environmental sustainability, supply chain collaboration and innovation at the supply chain level, this paper aims to analyse whether the adoption of environmental sustainability practices and collaboration along the supply chain implies better innovation performance, in terms of differentiation from the competitors for higher quality, product or process. The paper also investigates whether the internationalisation, in terms of both production and distribution activities, negatively moderates this relationship. The study focuses on the fashion industry, and a survey of major Italian fashion companies was conducted. The main results of the research clearly show the positive impact of these practices on innovation performance. The paper also proves the existence of a moderating effect exerted by internationalisation on the relationship between environmental sustainability and innovation performance.     

A sustainable second-generation biodiesel supply chain network design problem under risk

This paper presents a multi-objective possibilistic programming model to design a second-generation biodiesel supply chain network under risk. The proposed model minimizes the total costs of biodiesel supply chain from feedstock supply centers to customer centers besides minimizing the environmental impact (EI) of all involved processes under a well-to-wheel perspective. Non-edible feedstocks are considered for biodiesel production. Variable cultivation cost of non-edible feedstock is assumed to be non-linear and dependent upon the amount of cultivated area. New formulation of possibilistic programming method is developed which is able to minimize the total mean and risk values of problems with possibilistic-based uncertainty. To solve the proposed multi-objective model, a hybrid solution approach based on flexible lexicographic and augmented ɛ-constraint methods is proposed which is capable to find appropriate efficient solutions from the Pareto-optimal set. The performance of the proposed possibilistic programming method as well as the developed solution approach are evaluated and validated through conducting a real case study in Iran. The outcome of this study demonstrates that high investment cost is required for improving the environmental impact and risk of sustainable biodiesel supply chain network design under risk. Decision maker preferences are required for suitable trade-off among total costs, risk values and environmental impact.     

绿色供应链管理的集成特性和体系结构

绿色供应链管理是一种现代企业的可持续发展模式。本文论述了绿色供应链管理的概念,分析了绿色供应链管理的集成特性,并建立了绿色供应链管理的体系结构。