试论审计风险的管理

本文主要是探讨审计风险管理的概念、内容以及作为审计风险管理主体的会计师事务所和注册会计师该如何进行审计风险管理等问题。本文的结论是,在对控制审计风险方面,审计风险管理比审计风险防范更有效,因此会计师事务所和注册会计师在审计执业活动中,要加强对审计风险管理的重视,特别是对会计师事务所来说,可以采取多种措施来进行审计风险管理,这样能够对审计风险进行有效的控制并提高审计的效果。笔者希望本篇文章能够对审计风险管理的研究起到一定的促进作用。     

浅谈存货审计风险及防范措施

存货项目的审计是最难的最复杂的。为避免企业的舞弊造价行为，审计人员应提高自身的经验及审计技巧，在审计过程中应充分关注存货项目的异常现象，判断它的真实性、可靠性及其完整性；同时也要对存货本身进行分析，以评价企业存在的经营风险，从而控制审计风险，通过审计人员敏锐的专业判断和对异常现象的综合分析能力对存货审计做出正确的判断。     

风险导向审计在实务中的应用

经济的快速发展,使得企业管理更加复杂,传统的审计方法很难满足社会的需求。现代风险导向审计的出现带来了一丝曙光。它作为一种新的审计理念和方法,可以有效提高审计人员评估风险的能力。下文就风险导向审计的定义,产生的背景和原因进行了分析,并就传统风险导向审计和现代风险导向审计进行了比较,并提供了风险导向审计在实务中运用的对策。     

审计职业判断在报表审计中的应用探究

随着知识经济时代的到来,企业经营业务的多元化和企业间控股关系趋于复杂,新的会计事项不断涌现,使得会计报表审计的复杂性及风险日趋增加。为保证报表审计质量符合独立审计准则的要求,注册会计师需要不断提升适应现代审计的能力。其中强化审计职业判断是解决审计效率(审计成本)和审计效果(审计风险)的有效手段。审计职业判断是注册会计师进行审计决策时对相关审计证据和其他相关因素进行综合分析的过程,是一种在长期业务实践中形成的感性认识,带有一定的预见性,是注册会计师专业胜任能力高低的重要标志之一。     

内部审计应用RAROC模型评估企业风险研究

内部审计以风险控制为导向,有效识别、计量、分析和报告企业风险.本文应用RAROC模型技术来解决内部审计在企业经营效绩审计中风险控制与盈利之间的矛盾,具有重要理论价值和现实意义.     

内部控制审计风险模型研究

对过程进行审计是内部控制审计的主要特点,相对于结果审计而言,内部控制审计具有非常大的不同之处,所以审计师在对内部控制进行审计的时候必须要采用不同的风险模型,这样才能够将概念上的指导提供出来。本文针对内部控制审计风险进行了分析和研究,希望能够对弱点风险进行有效的预防。     

政府投资建设项目审计风险防范及对策

<正>随着政府投资建设规模持续增长,审计机关的投资审计任务越来越重,审计风险也越来越大。如何有效控制或降低政府投资建设项目(以下简称政府投资)审计中风险,保证审计质量,是各级审计机关和每一个从事政府投资审计人员首要思考清楚并采取相应措施给予防范的问题。一、政府投资审计模式及风险目前,政府投资审计方式主要     

谈如何做好工程结算审计工作

工程项目决算审计是一项专项审计,要正确把握这项审计工作的要点和方法,就要了解建设项目的概念,建设项目的资金运算规律以及管理特点。工程结算审计它是工程项目建设过程中非常关键的原始记帐凭证,工程结算的准确程度直接影响着工程项目投资的真实性与合法性。因此,要搞好工程项目决算审计工作,必须抓好工程结算审计,才能有效防范风险,提高审计质量。     

浅析企业内部财务审计的控制与监督

企业内部财务审计是企业进行内部控制,提高企业内部管理工作质量的有效途径。任何一个企业在激烈的市场竞争中要实现健康、稳定、可持续发展,都必须进行有效的内部控制,而内部财务审计是其中必不可少的管理要素。从我国内部财务审计的现状来看,仍然有许多问题存在。本文对我国企业内部财务审计的现状进行分析,针对现今企业内部财务审计控制中存在的问题提出有效的对策建议。     

现代风险导向审计及其在我国的运用分析

现代风险导向审计作为一种重要的审计理念和方法,弥补了传统风险导向审计方法的缺陷,在理论和实务方面都具有积极的作用。本文从现代风险导向审计的概念和特征入手,对现代风险导向审计与传统风险导向审计在审计模型和审计程序方面进行比较分析,提出我国现阶段实施现代风险导向审计的对策建议。     

中国审计判断质量的实验研究

近年来,审计质量问题引起了社会的广泛关注,审计判断作为影响审计质量的主要因素之一,日益受到我国审计理论界和实务界的重视。本文以我国注册会计师审计为背景,以内部控制风险评估为案例,采用实验的方法对我国注册会计师的审计判断质量进行了检验。研究结果表明,我国注册会计师的共识、稳定性和自我洞察力已经达到了相当高的水平,但与国外的相似实验研究结果相比,还存在着明显的差距,需要继续提升；在判断过程中,我国注册会计师的判断模型明显呈线性化。     

经验、努力程度对审计判断偏误的影响研究

审计质量的好坏直接影响着资本市场能否稳定运行,而影响审计质量的一个重要因素是审计判断偏误。时近效应和证实性偏误是运用锚定与调整启发法进行判断时容易产生的两种判断偏误。本文以我国注册会计师审计为背景,采用实验的方法,检验了审计人员经验、努力程度对这两种判断偏误的影响。实验结果表明:在简单任务中,审计人员的经验够消除时近效应,在复杂任务中,审计人员努力程度的提高有助于降低时近效应的程度,而且审计人员的经验和努力程度对时近效应产生了明显的共同影响;经验和努力程度对证实性偏误没有明显的影响。     

盈余管理、审计怀疑与诉讼风险溢价

本文以沪深两市A股上市公司2006-2012年经验数据,运用非对称信息动态纳什博弈模型,考察了不同市场诉讼风险和审计怀疑状态下机会盈余操纵与审计风险溢价的博弈机理。实证结果发现:在控制其他因素后,诉讼风险会导致正向盈余管理比同幅度负向盈余管理产生较大的审计风险增溢,高度和低度审计怀疑状态下的审计风险溢价与盈余管理呈左倾U型曲线关系,而中度审计怀疑状态下的审计风险溢价与盈余管理遵循二次曲线协同变化,同时取决于审计怀疑对盈余管理内容与性质的识别状态;高增长公司的盈余管理导致的审计风险溢价与市盈率正相关且增加的幅度与审计怀疑水平和盈余管理性质直接相关,这表明在风险导向审计模式下考察诉讼风险不对称性和适度的审计职业怀疑具有重大的理论与现实意义。     

审计师关注客户所在地区社会信任水平吗? ——基于Pecking Order模型的研究

文章利用CGSS调查数据度量客户所在地区的社会信任水平,进而考察其对审计师决策的影响。文章首先分别考察了社会信任水平与审计定价、出具非标审计意见的倾向、审计师变更之间的关系,结果发现,公司所在地区的社会信任水平与审计定价、审计师变更均呈显著负向关系,表明审计师会对位于高社会信任地区的客户收取更低的审计费用、审计契约更为稳定,但社会信任与审计师出具非标意见的倾向之间没有显著关联。有序Logistic检验结果表明,在审计定价和审计师变更决策之间,审计师存在优先选择次序:对于低社会信任地区客户,他们会优先通过提高审计收费的手段来控制相关风险。只有在风险超出其承受力、不能通过提高审计费用来控制时,才会放弃客户。此外,文章还发现,地区法治水平能够缓解社会信任对审计师决策的影响。这一研究有助于加深社会信任与审计师决策之间关系的理解,并有助于理解审计师的风险管理策略。     

Financial Instruments for Mitigation of Flood Risks: The Case of Florence

This article analyzes the mechanisms and effects of innovative financial instruments that a central public administration (CPA) may adopt to minimize the flood risk in particularly exposed regions. The pattern we suggest assumes that in risky areas the CPA can issue two financial instruments, called project options and CAT‐bonds, producing a dynamic interaction among three types of agents: the CPA itself, the local public administrations, and private investors. We explore the possible scenarios of such interaction and the conditions under which the CPA's goal of maximal risk reduction is attained. This pattern is proposed for flood risk mitigation in the city of Florence, where the model dynamics are tested assuming parameters obtained from engineering studies.     

Audit committee perspectives on mandatory audit firm rotation: evidence from Canada

This study examines audit committee (AC) members’ perspectives on mandatory audit firm rotation (MAFR), mandatory audit partner rotation, ways in which ACs monitor auditor independence and objectivity, and the costs associated with switching audit firms. In-person interviews with AC members in Canada were conducted to improve our understanding of the reasons underlying AC members’ positions on MAFR. All AC members interviewed in this study were adamantly opposed to MAFR. MAFR was perceived as a threat to their shareholder-granted authority to make audit firm appointment decisions. Participants believe that their professional judgment and observations are the most effective means of ensuring auditor independence and view MAFR as an unnecessary intervention. We explain these results using self-determination theory. Our findings were also used to develop a conceptual model of AC relationships with external auditors and financial management.     

Limiting Exposure to Collateral Liability Associated With ISO 14001 EMS Audits

The purpose of this article is to provide suggestions on how to limit the collateral liability associated with ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) auditing activities. Due to the detailed, invasive nature of EMS audits, companies performing such activities may expose themselves to collateral risks. Collateral risk is liability not directly associated with ISO 14001 activities, but borne through the unrelated process of EMS audit activities. Examples of collateral risks include issues of non-compliance, unintended discovery of evidence in civil tort claims and exposure to regulatory sanctions. Therefore, well-defined management of EMS audits represents an important aspect of limiting risk. This article identifies several strategies for managing and reducing these legal risks. These strategies include the rigorous management of compliance audits, concisely defining audit scopes, training auditors and auditees, understanding and using audit privileges as appropriate, exploring the use of self-declaration (for ISO 14001 conformance purposes), and using reliable document control methods. While completely eliminating liability represents a laudable but challenging goal, these methods should reduce collateral exposure to corporate and personal liability.     

“Good” corporate governance and the quality of internal auditing departments in Italian listed firms. An exploratory investigation in Italian listed firms

One of the most important issue relating to corporate governance reports refers to their ability to provide users with a complete set of information regarding the effective ability of an entity to achieve oversight objectives by the compliance to corporate governance practices required by a specific law or industry code. In addition, other features, such as the quality of the internal auditing function or the sensitivity of top management to issues relating to corporate internal controls and risk management, can also be taken into account when formulating a judgment on the quality of corporate governance practices. Is there an association between the compliance to codes and internal controls effectiveness? We propose to assess the quality of corporate governance through a proxy that considers several characteristics of internal audit departments and combines them to determine an Internal Audit Departments global quality index—IAD Index. To define IAD global quality we consider the effectiveness of an internal audit function analysing its operational aspects. The IAD Index is based on several signalling elements that previous literature assumed as proxies for quality of IADs which are grouped into four pillars: a formal quality index; a static quality index; an activity-related quality index; and a performance-linked quality index. We then test the IAD index on a sample of Italian listed firms and conclude that there are significant associations (positive and negative) between the degree of compliance to some corporate governance regulations for listed firms and the IAD Index for the sample being considered.     

基于ERM框架的商业银行内部审计机制研究

内部审计作为公司治理、风险管理和控制结构的一部分,是对其它控制进行的再控制.由原来的"独立评价职能"转变为"风险管理和公司治理",内部审计在银行业中的作用越来越重要.在风险与效益并存的时代,现代银行业倡导全面风险管理理念.本文选取了全面风险管理的研究视角,对全面风险管理体系下的商业银行内部审计角色定位及作用机制进行研究.     

What Can Decision Analysis Do for Invasive Species Management?

Decisions about management of invasive species are difficult for all the reasons typically addressed by multiattribute decision analysis: uncertain outcomes, multiple and conflicting objectives, and many interested parties with differing views on both facts and values. This article illustrates how the tools of multiattribute analysis can improve management of invasive species, with an emphasis on making explicit the social values and preferences that must inform invasive species management. Risk assessment protocols developed previously for invasive species management typically suffer from two interacting flaws: (1) separating risk assessment from risk management, thus disrupting essential connections between the social values at stake in invasive species decisions and the scientific knowledge necessary to predict the likely impacts of management actions, and (2) relying on expert judgment about risk framed in qualitative and value-laden terms, inadvertently mixing the expert's judgment about what is likely to happen with personal preferences. Using the values structuring and probability-modeling elements of formal decision analysis can remedy these difficulties and make invasive species management responsive to both good science and public values. The management of feral pigs in Hawaiian ecosystems illustrates the need for such an integrated approach.