共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
We describe the functioning of a two-region economy characterized by asymmetric wage setting. Labour market tightness in the
leading-region affects wages in the whole economy. In equilibrium, net labour demand shifts towards the leading region raise
unemployment elsewhere and leave regional wages unchanged, causing an increase in aggregate unemployment. Based on SHIW micro-data
on earnings, we find strong evidence that wages in Italy only respond to Northern unemployment. We estimate that around 33%
of the increase in Italian unemployment during 1977–1998 can be explained by regional mismatch, mainly due to an excess labour
supply growth in the South.
相似文献
Barbara Petrongolo (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
James Brumbaugh-Smith Heidi Gross Neil Wollman Bradley Yoder 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):351-387
The National Index of Violence and Harm (NIVAH) tracks levels of violence and harm in the United States and identifies trends over the study period 1995–2003. NIVAH is comprised
of nineteen variables in the areas of interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional and structural violence and harm as experienced
by people in the U.S. Two composite indexes are formed to describe overall trends in the realms of personal and societal violence.
In addition to describing the Index’s construction and most recent conclusions, various methodological issues and their impacts
on index findings are investigated.
相似文献
James Brumbaugh-SmithEmail: |
3.
This paper shows that in a general equilibrium model with interest-rate feedback rules of the Taylor-type population dynamics give rise to multiple steady states. Under an active monetary policy, real determinacy occurs only around the steady state with zero net financial wealth, where aggregate consumption is equally distributed among agents of different generations. By contrast, in a neighborhood of the steady state displaying a positive stock of financial wealth and intergenerational inequality, real determinacy requires monetary policy to be passive. Changes in the demographic profile of the economy are shown to have relevant implications for the aggregate accumulation of wealth.
相似文献
Alessandro PiergalliniEmail: Fax: +39-06-2020500 |
4.
Reliable forecasts of life expectancies are of importance for the financial stability of social security systems and the life
insurance industry. A discrete-time stochastic process and a continuous-time stochastic process are proposed to model the
dynamics of German mortality rates from which life expectancies are calculated. More precisely, a panel data model is utilized,
which distinguishes between a common time effect and a common age effect. The model is easy to fit, yields interpretable parameters,
and allows for a simple analysis of the forecast error. The main applications of the model are the forecast of mortality rates—and
the resulting life expectancies—and the pricing of mortality derivatives.
相似文献
Rafael Schmidt (Corresponding author)Email: |
5.
This paper applies stochastic control theory to the Grossman model of investment in health to characterize the case of a serious
illness, i.e., one that permanently reduces the individual’s stock of health capital. Health itself is modelled as a stochastic
variable, whose variation over time is determined partly by a deterministic factor and partly by a random factor with a Poisson
distribution. After setting out the equations for the deterministic and stochastic approaches, phase diagrams illustrate how
the introduction of uncertainty alters the model. The framework is also used to consider the effect of the introduction of
a vaccine.
相似文献
Brian S. FergusonEmail: |
6.
Using data from the National Health Interview Survey for years spanning 1976 and 2001, this paper presents an age–period–cohort
analysis of weight gain throughout the life cycle. We find that while all ages experienced an increase in the prevalence of
those overweight and/or obese, the prevalence among young adults has grown at a faster rate than that of older age groups.
The increases in body mass index are primarily due to period effects, not cohort or age effects. From the ordered logistical
regression analyses, we find that the protective influence of factors such as education, income, and age on an individual’s
body mass index have decreased over time. The analyses suggest that the increase in the prevalence of those overweight or
obese is a phenomenon experienced by all demographic groups in the US, albeit to differing degrees.
相似文献
Beth DaponteEmail: |
7.
Timothy J. Hatton 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):719-740
Since the 1970s Britain has gone from being a country of net emigration to one of net immigration, with a trend increase in
immigration of more than 100,000 per year. This paper represents the first attempt to model the variations in net migration
for British and for foreign citizens, across countries and over time. A simple economic model, which includes the selection
effects of differing income distributions at home and abroad, largely accounts for the variations in the data. The results
suggest that although improved economic performance in the UK relative to overseas has tended to increase immigration, rising
UK inequality has had an even larger effect. Immigration policies at home and abroad have also increased net immigration,
particularly in the 1990s.
相似文献
Timothy J. HattonEmail: |
8.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |
9.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
10.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
11.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
相似文献
Allan WürtzEmail: |
12.
The Canadian unemployment insurance program is designed to reflect the varying risk of joblessness across regions. Regions that are considered low-risk areas subsidize higher-risk ones. A region’s risk is typically proxied by its relative unemployment rate. We use a dynamic, heterogeneous-agent model calibrated to Canada to analyze voters’ preferences between a uniformly generous unemployment insurance and the current system with asymmetric generosity. We find that Canada’s unusual unemployment insurance system is surprisingly close to what voters would choose in spite of the possibilities of shirking and self-insurance through asset buildup.
相似文献
Christian Zimmermann (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
14.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
15.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |
16.
Minorities such as ethnic and immigration groups have often been subject to exclusion through labor market discrimination, residential and employment segregation policies, business ownership regulations, restrictions on political participation, access to public services, and more. This paper studies the dynamics of minority exclusion. From the viewpoint of the dominant majority, the exclusion decision balances the motive to redistribute income in its favor and the interest in avoiding potential civic unrest or even violent confrontation with the minority. The analysis also has implications for immigration policies, suggesting that they have to take this group dynamics into account.
相似文献
Maurice SchiffEmail: |
17.
“Backslanted X” fertility dynamics and macroeconomics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yishay D. Maoz 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):159-172
A large number of pairs of countries exhibit a dynamic pattern in which: (1) Fertility in both countries declines across time;
(2) initially, one country has a higher fertility and a lower per-capita income than the other; and (3) in time, as per-capita
incomes converge, fertility rates in the poorer country become lower than in the richer one. This article documents the prevalence
of such dynamics and offers a theoretical model in which these dynamics emerge endogenously. Assuming differences in the degree
of utility substitution between consumption and rearing children across countries generates all three components of these
dynamics.
相似文献
Yishay D. MaozEmail: |
18.
Spatial Regression Models for Demographic Analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
While spatial data analysis has received increasing attention in demographic studies, it remains a difficult subject to learn
for practitioners due to its complexity and various unresolved issues. Here we give a practical guide to spatial demographic
analysis, with a focus on the use of spatial regression models. We first summarize spatially explicit and implicit theories
of population dynamics. We then describe basic concepts in exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression modeling
through an illustration of population change in the 1990s at the minor civil division level in the state of Wisconsin. We
also review spatial regression models including spatial lag models, spatial error models, and spatial autoregressive moving
average models and use these models for analyzing the data example. We finally suggest opportunities and directions for future
research on spatial demographic theories and practice.
相似文献
Guangqing ChiEmail: |
19.
Martin Nordin 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):703-717
Using the Swedish military enlistment test, this paper estimates the return to schooling for individuals belonging to different
parts of the ability distribution. It also attempts to predict whether an endogenous test score causes bias in the “ability-specific”
returns to schooling that varies with the test score. A significant finding is that a higher score in the test is associated
with a higher return to schooling, but that the positive association is diminishing in the test score. In general, the bias
in the ability-specific returns to schooling does not seem to vary with the test score level.
相似文献
Martin NordinEmail: |
20.
Gil S. Epstein 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):707-715
This paper considers an economic analysis of intergenerational transition of ethnic and social trait. We consider the level
of social traits chosen by parents and its effect on their children’s choice of ethnic and social traits when reaching adulthood.
We develop a theory that suggests that parents will chose extreme ethnic and social traits to increase the cost that their
children will pay if they wish to deviate from their parents’ “ideal.” The extreme choice of the ethnic social traits of parents
has an effect on the segregation of minorities and migrants.
相似文献
Gil S. EpsteinEmail: |