On the "Revolution Worship" during the Revolution of 1911

"Revolution" may have been the most popular word among Chinese youth during the period of the Revolution of 1911. As a means of remolding Chinese society, it was an object of worship especially among radical intellectuals.     

Rethinking the "Iron Girls:" Social Gender and Labor in the "Cultural Revolution"

Through studying the "iron girls" campaign during the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1976) this paper analyzes how state mobilization and administrative intervention influ-     

A Study of the "Purge" of the Guomindang in Nanjing in 1927

In order to resist the measures taken by the Wuhan government to weaken their power, the Nationalists in Nanjing represented by Jiang Jieshi began in the spring of 1927 to use underworld forces to indirectly seize party and administrative power in the areas under their control. After repeated consultations with some of the founding members of the Guomindang, Jiang Jieshi, motivated by the desire to establish a separate central organ and to legitimize his own position, launched the so-called "purge" marked by the April Twelfth Massacre. After realizing     

Origins of the "Great Cultural Revolution" Revisited

There were specific factors responsible for the outburst of the "Great Cultural Revolution" (CR) in the mid 1960s. In my view, contemporary domestic conflicts during that period of time such as the following can be generally included: (1)     

"Revolution" and "Counter-Revolution": Interaction among the Three Major Political Parties in China in the 1920s

国民党的"国民革命"、共产党的"阶级革命"与青年党的"全民革命"在1920年代同时并起,革命由过去的一党独导发展为多党竞举的局面,三党对革命的积极认证和遐想式期待,将革命建构成为一种与自由、解放相关联的强势政治文化。政治改革道路的不同选择不再被定义为"革命"与"改良"之争,或激进与温和之别,而是被建构为"革命"与"反革命"的两极对立,水火不容。三党对"革命"的竞相诠释,使得革命话语在日趋神圣化与正义化的同时,又意含着浓烈的任意性和专断性成分。     

Perplexity over "Leaving behind Skepticism about Ancient History": Starting with the Errors of the "Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project"

The proposition that we should "leave behind skepticism about ancient history"appeared in the early 1990s, which happens     

On the Property Rights System:Also on the "General Principles of Property Rights" in the Civil Code

The division of the right to property and right to person and the dual structure of real rights and creditor's rights are basic concepts in the traditional property rights system. Along with the development of modern science and technology and the commodity economy, new kinds of property rights have been constantly emerging and the old property rights system has been gradually changing. Based on the innovation and integration of property concepts, the Chinese     

On the Terms "Common Ownership," "SocialOwnership," and "Individual Ownership" Used in the Writings of Marx and Engels

BycheckingmorethanthirtyChinesetranslationsofwhatcanbeconsideredreferencestosocialistownershipintheCollectedWorksofMarxandEnglsagainsttheirGermanoriginals,theauthorhasfoundmorethantwentyexpressionsusedbyMarxandEngelstodenotesocialistownership.Eachoftheseexpressionsconsistsoftwoparts:onepartisformedbynounsequivalentto"ownership,""appropriationorsystemofappropriation,""seizure"(Aneignung,Besitzergreifung)or"property"(Gut,Guter).Theotherpartconsistsofattributesusedtomodifythesenouns.Theseatt…     

Spins of (Dis)Integration: What Might "Reformers" in Canada Learn from the "Social Dimension" of the European Union?

Viewed superficially, Canada and the European Union are both multi-tiered systems with a social identity problem, albeit one arrived at via different routes. This paper examines the extent to which Canada and Canadians might or might not be able to profit from the experience of the EU in respect of social policy development. First, the paper offers an outline review of where the "social dimension and social policy are at" in the EU. This it does with reference to the workings of three distinct processes: attempts at (a) positive activist social reform; (b) negative reform arising from the European Court of Justice's imposition of market compatibility requirements; (c) indirect, de facto pressures towards integration resulting from the demands of adapting to a single market and single currency area. The paper then goes on to review the two main schools of proposals for restructuring Canada politically—"reversing the founding process" (a Québécois/separatist perspective), as against replacing Canada's federal system with a "pure interstate compact"—in the light of this EU experience. In neither set of cases, as it turns out, does the experience and example of the EU offer promising pointers of relevance to Canada.     

The Significance of the Definition of "Literature in the Han Language Outside China

IThepublicatio11ofBaiXia11yol1g-s"ForeverYinXueyan-'inDa1IgdtiinBeijinginl979appearstobethefirsttimethatliterarycirclesinChinapropertooknoticeoftl1efilctthatduringChina's3Oyearsofrevolution,aparallelandcomplexworldofIitel-aturehaddevelopedoutsidcthen1ainl…     

The Evolution of the "Chinese Learning for Essence and Western Learning for Application" Theory During the 1898 Reform

AftertheSino-JapaneseWarof1894-1895,areformmovementarosewhichwasdesignedtosavethenationfromextermination.CorresPondingtothisPoliticalmovement,anewculturalmovementthatsoughtatheoreticalbasisandguidingprinciplesforthereformalsosweptthroughChina.Itwasundersu…     

The Philosophy of Modern China in the Context of "General Philosophy"

现代中国的哲学包括中国传统哲学以及现代中国学术界对西方哲学和马克思主义哲学的研究,属于跨学科、跨专业的“大哲学”。“大哲学”是与“纯哲学”相对照的一个概念。从历史上看,西方哲学呈现出危机和发展的一盈一缩的现象,实际上是“纯哲学”与“大哲学”的交替。所谓的哲学危机是纯哲学危机和“大哲学”凸显的时期,而走出危机之后的哲学发展是“纯哲学”发展和“大哲学”淡出的时期。现在的哲学处在危机时期,现代中国的哲学应当自觉地发展“大哲学”,提倡中国传统哲学、西方哲学与马克思主义哲学的对话,推进东西方比较哲学,使现代中国的哲学走向世界,朝着世界哲学的方向努力。     

A Study of the Phenetic Histary of the Chinese"r"()

Theoriginofthe"r"()soundinmodernChinesehasalwaysbeenatopicinthestudyofthephonetichistoryoftheChineselanguage.AStudyofthePhoneticHistoryoftheChinese"r"()byLiSijingexaminesthisquestionindepth.Thebookconsistsofninechapters:1.challengingpreviouslyacceptedviews;2.exploringthevalue(π)ofthosewordssuffixedwith"r"inthenorthernChinesedialectduringtheJinandYuandynasties;3.adiscussionofthefirstapPearanceof"r"inwordssuffixedwith"r",4.theearliestrecordsoftheuseofanon-syllabic"r"asasuffixinthephonologyo…     

Men in Nonagricultural Occupations and Women on the Land" and the Development of Women

In1985,China'sruralreformenteredanewPeriodofdeagriculturalization,i.e.,thenationalorregionaldevelopmentofnonagriculturalindustriesandthetransferoffarmlaborerstononagriculturalsectors.Theupsurgeoftownshipandvillageenterpriseshaschangedtheindustrialstructureinruralareasandprovidedemploymentopportunitiesforsurplusrurallabor.By1993,thenumberofpeopleworkingintheseenterpriseshadrisento112million,thatis,theyemployedoneofeveryfourable-bodiedpeopleinthecountryside.ThenumberofPeoplewhotransferredtothen…     

The Institutional Environment of "Mutual Interpenetration of Scholars and Merchants" after the Mid-Ming: From the Perspective of Changes in Government Policy

The "mutual interpenetration of scholars and merchants" was a noticeable social phenomenon after the mid Ming. The appearance of this phenomenon had complex and deep-rooted social causes, among which in-     

Facing the Cultural Challenge of the 21st Century──A Summary of the International Symposium on"Cultural Dialogues and Cultural Misreading

CulturalStudles:TheWorldwideMain8treamDiscourseattheEndoftheCenturyTheInternationalSymPosiumon"CulturalDialoguesandCuIturalMisread-ing"washeldatBeijingNationalLibraryon9Octoberl995.ItwasjointlysPonsoredbytheChineseComparativeLiteratureSocietyandtheInstitu…     

Summary of a Symposium on "Literature-Art and the Market Economy

On 12 April 2003,the Symposium onLiterature-Art and the Market Economy wassponsored by UNESCO's Beijing Office andco-organized by the International SocialScience Journal and Social Sciences in China(Chinese edition),with over 20 participants     

My Understanding of the Term "The Property Rights of a Legal Person"and Its Implications

Ⅰ.TheNatureandImplicationsofthePropetwRightsofaLegalPerson(1)ConfrontedbytheneedtocreateamodernenterprisesystemthatisuniquelyChinese,Chinesescholarsarenoticeablydividedintheirinterpretationoftheterm"thepropertyrightsofalegalperson."Thefollowingaresomeoft…     

The "State" in Republican-era Higher Education: A Case Study of the "Nationalization" Process of Sichuan University (1925-1939)

20世纪20-30年代,四川大学由一所地方性很强的大学转化为真正的国立学校,在此进程中,中央、地方和学术界围绕着"国家"这一象征性资源展开了竞争,展示出其时"国家"这一概念在人们认知与实践中的多歧性。与通常采纳的理论假设不同,在具体的历史语境下,中央并不总是被视为"国家"代表;而中央和地方之间的矛盾也启示出"国家建设"理论并不尽符合近代中国的"国情"。这一理论构建出的"国家-社会"二元分析框架,实更近"前近代"中国的官、民之分。     

A Look at the Future of Studies on the History of Literature—Commentaries on the '95 Hong Kong International Symposium on "Reflections on the History of Chinese Literature

Aninternationalsymposiumon"ReflectionsontheHistoryofChineseLiterature"washeldfrom13to15October1995inHongKongandhostedbytheDepartmentofHumanities,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.AmongthosewhoattendedthesymposiumwerescholarsfromthemainlandofChina,t…