核心能力快速丧失企业的公司创业——基于海印商业运营的公司创业纵向案例研究

成熟企业的公司创业活动作为中国转型期一个独特而普遍的现象,受到越来越多研究者的关注。面对快速变化的环境,企业如何在遏制核心能力快速丧失以防"崩盘"的同时,通过机会探索实现核心能力的更新?现有研究尚缺乏严谨的学术分析。本文通过海印商业运营公司创业的纵向案例研究发现:身处快速变化环境的企业,可以通过创业目标导向和手段导向的间断平衡,相机性兼顾市场机会探索、核心能力维系与更新。在此过程中,创业手段导向延续"手段导向的识别—手段导向的开发—手段导向的拓展"逻辑,目标导向遵循"目标导向的聚焦—目标导向的应用—目标导向的控制"路径。除此之外,创业企业通过关系网络和技术网络的相互嵌入,完成资源识别、转化和组合的过程,引导两种创业逻辑间断平衡的实现。通过案例研究,本文不仅清晰地呈现了快速变化环境中成熟企业的公司创业过程,厘清了公司创业中目标导向和手段导向的间断平衡机制,将公司创业研究扩展到环境快速变化的情景中,并且较好地回答了"核心能力快速丧失企业如何通过公司创业重构核心能力"这一重要问题。     

Cultural Intelligence and Institutional Success: The Mediating Role of Relationship Quality

As managerial rationality is always bounded, managers utilise their cognitive abilities and social relations to manage their operational environmental uncertainties. We posit that relationship quality (RQ) mediates the association between cultural intelligence (CQ) and success in managing challenges arising out of differences in the institutional environments i.e. institutional success. Our CQ measure comprises cognitive, metacognitive, motivational and behavioural CQs. We included the interactive effects of two inter-related mental capabilities, namely cognitive and metacognitive CQs, and motivational and behavioural CQs while examining the mediating role of RQ between CQ and institutional success. Based on data from 186 Indian senior managers doing business with New Zealand, we find mixed support for our hypotheses. We find indirect-only mediation effects for interactive effects of cognitive and metacognitive CQs, and complementary mediation effects for motivational CQ. Contrary to expectations, we find negative direct-only non-mediation effects of behavioural CQ.     

The Role of Debt Contracts in UK Corporate Governance

The model of managerial incentives used in Positive Accounting Theory sees debt contracts as important in accounting choices in firms. The paper argues that agency theory and costly contracting theory imply a much wider role for debt contracts as corporate governance mechanisms for controlling relationships between lenders and firms. We analyse the creditor's problem in providing debt to the firm in terms of anticipated agency costs. This analysis leads to a consideration of contracting solutions involving the choice of debt contract terms providing credit protections which are efficient in agency cost and contracting cost terms.The model of debt contracts accepted in the literature is based upon US research, both theoretical and empirical, and thus reflects US institutional experience. This model involves detailed bonding and monitoring terms focusing upon financial and other covenants and implies customisation of such terms to meet creditors' contracting requirements. The paper reviews evidence on the applicability of this model in practice and concludes that, despite broad similarities, institutional biases are present if the model is applied to countries other than the US. We examine evidence on UK debt contracting practices, in particular contract form and content, types of covenant, lenders' perceptions of the role of covenants as control mechanisms, and the issue of standardisation versus customisation. The paper identifies important differences in debt contracting in the UK, for example in types of covenants and the role perceived for them by creditors and identifies standardisation in contract terms as being more common than often implied by other research.     

The Role of Social Infrastructure in Achieving Inclusive Liveable Communities: Voices from Regional Australia

What makes liveable communities inclusive is an important question for planning research, policy and practice, yet one that has not received significant attention. This article explores this question through the lived experiences of two spatially marginalised groups – people with disabilities and seniors. Using the photovoice technique, the findings visually and textually demonstrate the importance of universally accessible social infrastructure in enabling inclusion and active participation in a community in regional Australia. The findings suggest that inclusion should be a central focus of liveability, along with co-design processes with people experiencing spatial marginalisation to achieve inclusive liveable communities.     

网络舆论的公司治理影响机制研究——基于定向增发的经验证据

上市公司定向增发是其重要的财务决策,往往涉及公司治理的好坏,历来受到网络舆论的关注.本文利用股吧中针对上市公司定向增发的评论这一个特定数据作为网络舆论的替代变量,研究在网络时代网络舆论对于公司内部以及外部的治理机制的影响,特别是在我国法律保护不健全的现实环境下,网络舆论在保护中小投资者权益方面所发挥的作用.实证结果表明,遭到网络舆论反对的增发公司,其定向增发公告后的股票超额收益率显著为负,其后该定向增发预案通过相关部门审核的概率也显著下降.换句话说,网络舆论会先后触发两层外部治理机制——资本市场的惩戒和监管部门的严格审查.与之形成对比的是,没有证据表明网络负面舆论会触发内部治理机制——网络负面舆论对于定向增发预案通过股东大会的概率不产生显著影响.本文进一步发现,网络负面舆论越高的公司,增发实施之后,公司业绩下降的概率也越大,这表明网络舆论并非是空穴来风或是毫无根据,而是能够在事前发掘出定向增发中可能存在的问题.     

区块链技术与企业绩效:公司治理结构的调节作用

当前,我国正在全面迈进数字经济新时代.区块链技术作为数字经济最为重要的基础技术设施之一,正在加速推动新一轮产业变革和数字创新,被越来越多的企业接受和应用.区块链技术对企业绩效的作用机制是什么?针对以上问题,本研究通过倾向得分匹配方法(PSM)选取2014-2019年中国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,以当年是否引入区块链技术作为公司治理手段为哑变量,通过计量分析研究了区块链技术应用与企业绩效之间的关系,并进一步探索了公司治理结构在区块链技术应用与企业绩效关系间的调节作用.研究发现,区块链技术应用对企业绩效有促进作用;当公司治理结构呈现较高独董比例和较高股权集中度时,区块链技术应用对企业绩效的促进作用得到加强.     

可就业能力中介作用下的个人-组织契合对职业成功和组织绩效的影响

构建了个人-组织契合与职业成功和组织绩效关系及其作用机制模型,并通过对400名MBA学员和管理者的问卷调查,进行了有关研究和分析。研究表明,个人-组织契合与职业成功、组织绩效及其各维度之间具有正相关关系;可就业能力在个人-组织契合与职业成功关系中起到中介作用,在个人-组织契合与组织绩效关系中起到部分中介作用。研究结果进一步证实了个人-组织契合、相互合作、共同担负培养和提高可就业能力的责任,对职业成功和组织绩效具有直接的影响。     

公司企业家精神培育的系统理论假设模型及验证

企业家精神是企业永续发展的不竭动力。是21世纪推动一个国家经济发展最主要的动力之一。本文从微观角度出发,研究公司如何采取有效的措施促进公司企业家精神的培育,进而提高公司的经营业绩。笔者在国内外相关领域研究成果的基础上,提出了影响公司企业家精神培育的系统理论假设模型,并通过实证研究验证了假设模型。     

领导角色与企业文化交互作用的实证研究

塑造优秀的企业文化越来越受到企业的重视,成为企业提高自身竞争力的重要手段之一.企业文化的建设重点在于领导的作用,与以往的研究不同之处在于,文中将领导划分为领导角色与领导效能两个维度;在进行"领导与企业文化存在一定的交互作用"的理论假设后,用实证方法论证了这一假设的成立;用五点量表技术对领导效能、领导角色、企业文化等维度进行了测量;应用统计分析技术对调研数据进行分析,探索领导和企业文化之间的交互作用,并对此进行分析.     

The Role of Clinical and Process Quality in Achieving Patient Satisfaction in Hospitals

Managers constantly struggle with where to allocate their resources and efforts in managing the complex service delivery system called a hospital. In the broadest sense, their decisions and actions focus on two important aspects of health care—clinical or technical medical care that emphasizes “what” the patient receives and process performance that emphasizes “how” health care services are delivered to patients. Here, we investigate the role of leadership, clinical quality, and process quality on patient satisfaction. A causal model is hypothesized and evaluated using structural equation modeling for a sample of 202 U.S. hospitals. Statistical results support the idea that leadership is a good exogenous construct and that clinical and process quality are good intermediate outcomes in determining patient satisfaction. Statistical results also suggest that hospital leadership has more influence on process quality than on clinical quality, which is predominantly the doctors' domain. Other results are discussed, such as that hospital managers must be mindful of the fact that process quality is at least as important as clinical quality in predicting patient satisfaction. The article concludes by proposing areas for future research.     

创业团队企业家精神与公司绩效关系的实证研究

企业成长过程中创业团队企业家精神能否得到有效传承将直接影响企业的可持续发展.在文献回顾的基础上提出评价创业团队企业家精神的4个维度,并通过对206住企业高管成员的实地访谈和179份有效问卷的数据分析做实证研究,结果表明.创业团队企业家精神与团队绩效、公司绩效具有显著正相关关系,团队绩效作为中介变量影响创业团队企业家精神与公司绩效的关系,协作进取维度对团队绩效和公司绩效的影响作用尤为突出.     

Multinational Enterprises: Leveraging a Corporate International Entrepreneurship Lens for New Insights Into Subsidiary Initiatives

Corporate entrepreneurship has long been acknowledged as critical to multinational enterprises (MNEs), with dispersed entrepreneurial efforts involving subsidiary initiatives becoming increasingly relied upon. Yet despite the global context in which MNEs operate, the conversation has not fully embraced the extent to which many of its entrepreneurial activities overlap with internationalization. In this paper, we identify a set of opportunity phenotypes for subsidiary initiatives based on their market focus as well as the knowledge and capabilities leveraged to identify and exploit the opportunity. The recursive relationship between opportunities and dynamic capabilities is then discussed, with an emphasis on building a research agenda for corporate international entrepreneurship.     

Maximizing Business Returns to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): The Role of CSR Communication

By engaging in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, companies can not only generate favorable stakeholder attitudes and better support behaviors (e.g. purchase, seeking employment, investing in the company), but also, over the long run, build corporate image, strengthen stakeholder–company relationships, and enhance stakeholders' advocacy behaviors. However, stakeholders' low awareness of and unfavorable attributions towards companies' CSR activities remain critical impediments in companies' attempts to maximize business benefits from their CSR activities, highlighting a need for companies to communicate CSR more effectively to stakeholders. In light of these challenges, a conceptual framework of CSR communication is presented and its different aspects are analyzed, from message content and communication channels to company- and stakeholder-specific factors that influence the effectiveness of CSR communication.     

并购后控制与并购绩效的关系研究:基于合法性的调节效应

主并企业对被并企业的控制会影响并购绩效,而企业的各种利益相关者对于企业并购的态度即并购合法性会对并购后控制与并购绩效之间的关系产生影响。基于123个样本实证分析得到如下结论:主并企业对被并企业的非正式控制程度对主并企业的并购绩效具有显著积极作用,而正式控制程度与并购绩效之间没有显著相关性;并购的外部合法性对并购后正式控制与并购绩效之间的关系具有显著的正向调节作用,而并购的内部合法性对并购后非正式控制与并购绩效之间的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。研究结论对于中国企业的并购后决策以及如何实现并购目标具有理论指导价值。     

The Role of Financial Institutions in the Corporate Governance of Listed Chinese Companies*

This paper explores the role of Chinese financial institutions in the corporate governance of listed companies through interviews with both senior managers of financial institutions and board directors of listed companies. Our results show that, while most securities companies are passive investors, a good proportion of the active mutual funds help their portfolio companies prepare financial forecasts, standardize their operations, raise external funds, strengthen their company image in the capital markets, and sometimes intervene in corporate issues. This limited role can be attributed to a number of factors specific to the Chinese context including highly concentrated state ownership, an immature regulatory environment, inadequate transparency and disclosure of financial information, and weak corporate governance within financial institutions themselves. It could also be affected by several other factors that are considered to cause institutional passivity in developed countries such as conflicts of interest, monitoring costs and lack of expertise.