社会进步与养成教育--首届全国青少年养成教育论坛综述

随着社会进步,青少年发展有了新的机遇,但同时也面临着严峻挑战.<中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见>明确指出,"加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设是一项重大而紧迫的战略任务".为了进一步贯彻落实<若干意见>的精神,探讨当代青少年养成教育的新途径,上海社会科学院青少年研究所等单位举办了首届全国青少年养成教育论坛.整个论坛围绕"社会进步与养成教育"主题展开了多学科的对话,在"养成教育与青少年健康发展"、"养成教育的人本内涵"及"养成教育的途径与方法"等方面取得了一些进展.     

青少年主体地位和道德实践模式研究

青少年思想道德建设已经引起了全党全社会前所未有的关注。《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见》用“思想道德建设”的概念取代长期使用的“思想道德教育”，本身已经蕴涵了对青少年在思想道德建设过程中主体作用的肯定。本课题通过研究青少年的本质特征及其在思想道德建设中的主体地位．分析了思想道德建设过程中青少年主体作用缺失的原因，论证了道德实践作为青少年思想道德建设重要载体的依据，探索了我国青少年道德实践的理想模式。     

忠恕--未成年人思想道德建设的重要内容

加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设是"战略工程"、"民心工程".紧紧抓住未成年人"只知相争,不知相让"的内在矛盾,进行忠恕之道教育,弘扬中华美德,使孩子们从小懂得做人之本,行人之方.这是加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的根本要求和重要内容,我们应积极地尝试.     

价值启蒙与生活养成——开放社会中的德性养成教育

个体道德德性的形成包含两个基本过程,一是个体道德理性的形成,一是个体道德行为习惯的养成.完整的德性养成教育实际上也包含了两个基本过程,一是个体道德理性的启蒙教育,一是个体道德行为习惯的养成教育.前者是后者的精神基础,后者是前者的生活外化.当代社会从经济、政治到文化领域,越来越多地走向开放,社会呈现的不再是单一的伦理价值体系,而是多元共存的价值图景.如何加强价值启蒙,同时注重生活养成,是当前未成年人德性养成教育的基本内容.     

未成年人养成教育中的家庭责任

养成教育是良好道德品质和行为习惯的训练和习得过程,也是家庭在未成年人思想道德建设中的重要责任.本文从养成教育特点的分析出发,阐述了家庭教育的责任和父母在养成教育中的目标导向、行为示范、效果强化、偏差矫正等作用,从教育内容、教育途径、教育对象等方面,提出家庭在养成教育中的新使命.     

论共青团在未成年人思想道德建设中的作用

本文以<关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见>的实施为背景,提出发挥共青团组织动员优势,为实施<意见>构建良好的工作机制,推动政府制定未成年人发展规划,参与未成年人立法工作,建立管理未成年人事务的工作机构和中介服务机构,加强未成年人工作阵地的建设;发挥共青团的育人优势,深入开展富有内涵的主题教育活动,突出主体性,强化道德养成,突出发展性,强化素质提升,突出层次性,强化系统推进.     

未成年人思想道德建设的反思和改革

当前社会、经济、文化的变迁，使得未成年人的思想道德建设面临冲击和挑战．本文认为通过对传统的思想道德教育方法的反思，只有从未成年人的需求出发，立足现实，突出未成年人的主体地位，重视道德价值，以习惯养成为重点，从群体互动中去建构未成年人的思想道德教育，才能使未成年人成为社会合格、需要的人才。     

扎实推进未成年人思想道德建设

加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设是一项战略工程、希望工程、基础工程和民心工程.本文立足温州市实际,着眼"做一个有道德的人"这一主题,分析、介绍温州市通过完善工作机制、创新工作载体、营造工作氛围,扎实推进未成年人思想道德建设,在促进未成年人综合素质提升、成长环境优化、文化生活丰富等方面初见一些成效.     

职业院校德育工作现状及思考

教育的意义在于塑造人。2004年2月颁布的《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见》,明确了当前和今后一个时期加强和改进青少年思想道德建设的指导思想、基本原则和主要任务,为新时期新阶段职业院校的德育工作指明了方向。因此认真研究当前职业     

试论家长学校在家庭教育中所起的作用

中共中央国务院<关于进一步加强和改进未成年人思想道德建设的若干意见>指出:"要把家庭教育与社会教育、学校教育紧密结合起来"."面向社会广泛开展家庭教育宣传,普及家庭教育知识,推广家庭教育的成功经验,帮助和引导家长树立正确的家庭教育观念,掌握科学的家庭教育方法,提高科学教育子女的能力".在新课程改革的背景下,学校和家长的协作沟通显得比任何时候都重要,学校与家长共同努力,才能确保教育的效果.     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.