＂Precedent＂ in the Narrative of Chinese Legal History

中国法律史叙事中,以西方概念体系为基本框架的填充式方法,值得深入反思。中外学者关注的“判例”堪为典型。这一近代概念很可能来自日文汉字,用以适泽西文。叫顾西欧英、法两国的历史和现实,判例作为以个案方式凝聚法律群体共识、指引未来案件裁决的形式,始终具有重要作用。这一功能,与中国古代法中的相关制度有部分共通之处,可以成为构建普适理论体系的基础之一;同时,中国的相关制度具有特定的体制背景和功能。将普适功能与特定功能相结合,“双向功能主义”可能可以避免西方中心和概念纠结,转向功能性问题的探讨和解释,以逐步构建中国法律史叙事的新框架     

The Functions of Judicial Precedent in Traditional Chinese Law

Traditional Chinese law refers to law in China before the end of the Qing Dynasty. With the publication of written laws during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (475-211 BC), the Chinese legal system gradually accom- modated many forms of law with statutory law as the main part. The functions of case-law in traditional Chinese law were manifested in the following three aspects:     

Independence and Self-Consciousness of Chinese Philosophy:On the Rewriting of the History of Chinese Philosophy

重写中国哲学史必须从哲学的一般意义和中国哲学的特殊性出发,积极开发中国哲学特有的问题域,阐明它与时代的互动关系,特别要突出中国哲学的根本特征棗实践哲学的意义。就中国传统哲学特征而言,实践哲学远比心性之学更具有解释力和现实性。近代中西文化全面而深刻的交流接触使得原教旨主义的中国哲学史根本不可能。在撰写中国哲学史时,利用西方哲学的某些资源不但是不可避免的,也是合理的。即便如此,在使用西方哲学观念解释中国哲学时仍要谨慎,概念不是纯粹的形式。正因为如此,建构中国哲学自己的概念体系是未来中国哲学史的题中应有之义;而内在批判和释义学阐发则是新的中国哲学史的基本方法论原则。     

Chinese History Societies in the First Half of the 20~(th) Century

民国时期,学人在致力于学术研究的同时,也多次尝试以学会组织的形式,联络同仁,沟通域外,以便分工合作,推进史学研究。在学校和区域性的组织之后,终于抗战期间组建了全国性的中国史学会,后来又成立了中国新史学会。不过,相比于其它学科,无论就组织的稳固性还是影响的大小而论,史学会都不免相形见绌。这反映了当时史学界的派分难以协调,以及各人对于学术团体的功能作用的看法分歧。     

Some Reflections on Research into the History of Contemporary Chinese Literature

In order to have a genuine grasp of the basic features and historical relevance of contemporary Chinese literature, some scholarly trends     

Ning Ke and Jiang Fuya:Kingship and the Concept of Loyalty to the Sovereign in Chinese History

AftertheQinandHandynasties,thefeudalregimetooktheformofacentralizedautocracycenteredaroundkingship.Theconceptofloyaltytothesovereigndominatedfeudalethicalandmoralprinciples,andwastheideologicalpillarofabsolutekingship.Theconceptofloyaltytooktimetoformandbecomeconsolidated.IntheclassicaltextsoftheShangandZhoudynastiesthecharacterzhong(loyaltytoasuperior)didnotexist.Thepatriarchalsysteminaslavesocietyboundpeopletogetherthroughasystembasedonhierarchyandbloodties,whichrequirednoloyaltytoasuperio…     

Research on the Legal Attributes and Values of Forensic Testimony in Criminal Proceedings from the Perspective of Legal Norms∗

就法律规范层面而言, 鉴定在刑事诉讼过程中的法律属性体现为两个方面: 一 是证据的收集方式, 一是权力的行使方式。鉴定的这两种法律属性的价值追求是不 同的, 作为证据收集方式的价值追求是“公正”, 而作为权力行使方式的价值追求 是“效率”。从涉及刑事诉讼鉴定不同阶段的法律规范分析来看, 鉴定正逐步从权力 行使属性为主导向证据收集属性为主导过渡, 但要真正实现其证据收集这一本质属 性的回归, 其前提是?刑事诉讼法?的价值追求的变化, 即从“效率”到“公正” 的转变.

From the perspective of legal norms, the legal attributes of forensic testimony in the course of criminal proceedings are manifested in two forms: one is the collection of evidence; the other is the exercise of power. However, the values residing in these two legal attributes are not the same. The former emphasizes “justice,” and the latter, “efficiency.” An analysis of the legal norms governing forensic testimony in different periods shows that forensic testimony in criminal proceedings is gradually shifting from a pattern dominated by the exercise of power to one characterized by the collection of evidence. However, a genuine return to the essential character of forensic testimony as the collection of evidence must be premised on a change in the value orientation of the Criminal Procedure Law, that is, on a change from “efficiency” to “justice.”     

Difficulties in the Corporatization of State-owned Enterprises and Legal Considerations

Aftermanyyearsoftheoreticaldiscussionsandexperimentation,therestructuringofstate-ownedenterprisesintocorporationshasmetwithapproval,butforvariousreasonstheremaybedifficultiesinvolvedinthisprocess.Thispaperwilldiscusssolutionstotheseproblemsfromalegalperspective.Ⅰ.TheMainReasonsforRestructuringState-ownedEnterprisesasCorporationsAnunderstandingofthemainreasonsforrestructuringstate-ownedenterprisesascorporationsissignificantforresolvingrelatedproblems.Thereasonsforsuchrestructuringinclude;ch…     

How Original Narrative Can Be Initiated in Chinese Philosophy?

随着人们对中国哲学常规性叙事不满足感的增强,要求改写中国哲学的愿望也变得更加强烈了,并开始尝试超越之道。文章从不同的角度和侧面,反思和检讨了中国哲学常规性叙事存在的问题,提出了走向中国哲学“原创性叙事”的途径和方式。认为建立多元的哲学观和哲学史观、通过历史时空的移动及广泛的对话参与寻求中国哲学的普遍性和差异性、在视域和范式的引导下获得观察中国哲学的深度视点、在领悟整体意义与深化部分研究之间形成中国哲学的良性诠释循环、追求对中国哲学的充分描述、复杂关联的说明及意义关怀等,对于造就中国哲学的原创性叙事来说,都是非常基本的。     

Preface to A General History of Chinese Chan

ThereligioussectofChan(Zen)worshipPednoidols,norbelievedinanyexternaldeityorheavenlykingdom.Inthisrespect,Chancouldbesaidtobeuniqueamongtheworld'sreligions.ChanalsoclaimedtohaveaseparateheritagefromtheBuddhistreligion,theydeniedtheBuddhistcanon,theBuddha'sauthority,andeventheexistenceoftheBudd ha,bodhiSattvasandthePureLand.MembersoftheChansectbelievedonlyinziXin("ownmind").ZiXin,theessenceofseIf,wastheonlyobjectofdeificationoftheChansect,andtheonlyfoundationofitsbelief.Thehistoryofthisu…     

A Comparison of the Narrative Structures of the Three Great Epics of National Minorities in China

Gesar of the Tibetan nationality, Manas of the Kirgiz nationality and Jiangel of the Mongolian nationality are known as the three great epics of the national minorities in China. Gesar has a narrative structure similar to the Ramayana, the great Indian epic with a circular structure of heaven earth heaven; Manas' structure is semi-circular: birth of the hero on the earth performing meritorious deeds death resurrection. Jiangel has a chain structure. In this epic the hero     

A Look at the Future of Studies on the History of Literature—Commentaries on the '95 Hong Kong International Symposium on "Reflections on the History of Chinese Literature

Aninternationalsymposiumon"ReflectionsontheHistoryofChineseLiterature"washeldfrom13to15October1995inHongKongandhostedbytheDepartmentofHumanities,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology.AmongthosewhoattendedthesymposiumwerescholarsfromthemainlandofChina,t…     

Chinese Rural Women in the Transfer of the Rural Labor Force

Ⅰ.GeneralOutline1.Urban/ruralduality-impetusforthemassivetransferofrurallabortothenon-agriculturalsector.After1949,inordertoensurerapidindustrialization,Chinaadoptedaneconomicdevelopmentstrategythatgaveprioritytothedevelopmentofindustry,particularlyheavyindustry.Policiesadoptedfocusedmainlyontheprimitiveaccumulationprovidedbyagriculture,sinceitwasimpossibletoimportforeigncapitalintheearlypost-liberationperiod.Theshiftofthisagricu1turalaccumulationtotheindustrialsectorwasachievedthroughadualp…     

Evolution of the Expression of Sexual Love in Chinese Mainland Films

In terms of either ontogenesis or phylogenesis, sexual love is of vital significance to mankind. It may be precisely for this reason that sexual love has been an undying topic for philosophers, ethicists, psychologists and sociologists for thousands of years. In the field of artistic creation, sexual love is also an eternal focus. The relationship between sexual love and art assumes myriad forms of multilayered intertwining and interaction,     

“Choosing the Refined”and“Collecting the Essential”and the Agricultural Revolution in the Area South of the Yangtze River during the Song Dynasty—An Examination of Traditional Research Methods in Economic History

Ｔｈｅｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｅｌｌ ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｉｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｉｓｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｂｏｔｈｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄａｂｒｏａｄ .Ｓｕｃｈｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓｌｅａｄｔｏｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｅｗｉｄｅａｓａｎｄｎｅｗｍｅｔｈｏｄｓａｎｄｓｏ ｐｕｓｈｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｆｏｒｗａｒｄ .Ｔｈｅ ｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｓｔｏｅｘａｍｉ…     

The World Implications of the ＂Chinese Road＂ in the Context of Globalization

中国建国60年来和改革开放30年来所取得的巨大成就,使世界热衷于讨论是否存在某种“中国模式”或“北京共识”。“模式”包含着两层含义,一是发展道路的独特性,二是发展道路的可输出性和可效仿性。从前一层含义上来看,中国的发展的确创造出了一个独特的中国模式。中国发展道路是在中国人追求民族独立和现代化的历史背景下,在最终选择了马克思主义的条件下而实现的,其本质就是选择走社会主义道路而拒绝资本的扩张和奴役。全球化伴随着全球资本力量的无限膨胀,世界政治、经济都沦于世界资本主义的奴役之下,中国的发展道路正是在这个背景下显示出其独特性。同时,中国也不会向外输出自己的发展模式,通过对和谐、平等和多样性的追求,中国道路的成功将改变现有国际规则和全球发展观念。中国道路在全球化时代中具有世界性的意义。     

Where Do the Problems Lie in the Reform of Chinese Institutions?

Since the mid-1980s,China has takenbroad measures in the reform of itsinstitutions.Though such reform efforts haveseen substantial achievements,some dys-functional incentives have been introducedin the provision of services.Improving theprovision of services calls for a profoundand long-term reform that will deal with pay-ments and incentives in a coordinated way.The payment mechanismChina faces two challenges in paymentfor services.The first is to readjust the divi-sion of payment responsibi…     

A Critique of Chinese Postmodern Drama in the 1990s

The development of Chinese post-mod-ern drama in the 1990s displays the rebel-lious and innovative experimental attitude ofyoung Chinese playwrights. Its basic ten-dency in the first half of the decade was todeconstruct tradition and rebel against theclassics, while in the second half it movedtowards mass culture and left-wing politics.     

Science in the Eyes of Chinese Phi-losophers in the 20~(th) Century

In terms of their understanding ofscience, 20th century Chinese philosophersfall into four schools headed by DingWenjiang and Hu Shi, Zhang Dongsun, MouZongsan and Feng Qi respectively.The first group, headed by DingWenjiang and Hu Shi, may be called the sci-entific school, standing for the claim thatscience is the only legitimate system ofknowledge and the sole healthy mode forexistencel. They theoretically reached anunderstanding that scientific exploration isof vital significance in t…