Changes in Diplomatic Philosophy in the Course of China’s Growth since 1949—The Shift from a Revolutionary and National Perspective to a Developmental and Global Outlook

观察国际和外交问题的视角与观念变化，是中华人民共和国外交史研究中尚需探讨和梳理的课题。在新中国成立后的前30年，中国外交深受在革命过程中形成的外交观念的影响。其基本诉求是建立新型外交关系，核心观念是独立自主与和平，外交政策的基石是和平共处五项原则；此外，国际统一战线策略，对现实世界的战略划分，以及对战争、和平与革命的思考亦对这一时期的外交政策具有重大影响。自20世纪70年代末实行改革开放以来，中国外交转以发展为视角，配合国家经济建设这一中心任务，做出一系列战略和政策调整。中国对国际形势作出和平与发展的新判断，对独立自主的和平外交政策作了新诠释，致力于建立均衡的对外关系，主张以渐进方式推动国际秩序的改进，决心走和平发展道路。中国由此成为现存国际秩序的参与者和建设者。进入21世纪，中国成为令世界瞩目的新兴大国，外交观念也在继承以往的基础上与时俱进。中国强调当代世界是命运共同体，谋求与各国的合作、共赢     

中国儿童福利和保护工作的实践与发展

中国政府坚持儿童优先原则,积极通过法律法规、政策制度、公共服务、试点工作等方式方法,致力保障儿童生存、发展、受保护和参与的权利,缩小儿童发展的城乡区域差距,不断提升儿童福利水平,充分履行了政府在提高儿童整体素质,促进儿童健康、全面发展方面的职责。

中国有2.8亿儿童,是世界上儿童最多的国家。中国是联合国《儿童权利公约》的缔约国和忠实践行国。改革开放以来,中国经济快速发展,政治和谐稳定,社会文明程度不断提高。与此同时,中国的儿童事业也取得了令人瞩目的成就。     

The Socialist Legal System with Chinese Characteristics: Its Structure,Features and Trends

中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成为研究中国法律体系的结构、特色和发展趋势 奠定了现实基础。可以规范性法律文件的归属和法律规范的性质两个向度作为研究法 律体系的框架。前者的目的在于描述中国立法的现状, 后者旨在分析不同性质的法律 规范在各个法律部门的分布。改革开放以来, 由于市场经济、民主政治、和谐社会、 生态文明、法制建设和全球化的影响, 使各类法律规范在不同法律部门中的分布发生 有意义的变化, 这种变化一方面反映世界各国法律体系发展的共性, 另一方面又有鲜 明的中国特色。

关键词: 法律体系 法律规范 公法与私法 实体法与程序法 国际法与国内法

The formation of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics has laid the practical foundations for studying the structure, features and trends of China’s legal system. Our framework for such study is constructed along two dimensions: the classification of normative legal documents and the nature of legal norms. The aim of the former is to describe the current situation of China’s legislation, while the purpose of the latter is to analyze the distribution of different legal norms in different branches of law. Since reform and opening up, under the impact of the market economy, democratic politics, the harmonious society, ecological civilization, the construction of a legal system and globalization, significant changes have taken place in the distribution of various legal norms in different legal fields. On the one hand, these changes reflect shared features of the development of legal systems across the world; on the other, they are stamped with strong Chinese characteristics.     

Persistence and Change in the Rural Land System of Contemporary China*

当代中国农地制度经历了土地改革、合作化运动、人民公社化和家庭承包经营 等发展阶段。其存续和变迁可以用’黏性生成—黏性稀释?分析框架进行阐释：制 度环境与路径依赖是制度黏性的生成诱因，对农地制度的存续发挥了重要作用；非 正式制度的渗入是稀释制度黏性的关键变量，非正式制度与正式制度之间的互动贯 穿整个制度变迁过程，思想观念和意识形态的变化对正式制度的加强、消解或建构 具有重要影响。     

The Good Life: Criticism and Construction of Urban Meaning

自1979年刑事诉讼法公布实施以来, 中国刑事诉讼体系的构建逐步走过了一条精 致化、细腻化的发展历程, 形成了相对完整的刑事诉讼框架, 并逐步实现了与世界现 代刑事诉讼理念的衔接。2012年3月14日?全国人民代表大会关于修改〈中华人民共和 国刑事诉讼法〉的决定?的通过, 凸显了中国立法机关保障人权、推进法治现代化建 设的巨大努力, 也是对长期改革成果的巩固和吸收。全面审视此次刑事诉讼修正案的 框架内容, 对于今后刑事诉讼体系的继续完善具有重要意义。

Since the enactment of China’s Criminal Procedure Law in 1979, China’s criminal procedure system has undergone a process of refinement and elaboration. A relatively complete framework for the criminal procedure system has been constructed that fits in well with contemporary international thinking on criminal procedure. The Decision on Amending the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China passed by the National People’s Congress on March 14, 2012 highlights China’s strenuous efforts in protecting human rights and promoting the modernization of the legal system. It also demonstrates the consolidation and absorption of the achievements of China’s continuing reforms. A review of the main content of the Amendment to Criminal Procedure Law is highly significant for the further improvement of the system.     

Emergency Law in China: Its Formation,Present State and Future

中国非常法律的形成, 是为了应对紧急事件。这类法律由法律法规、应急预案和 军事法规等组成, 规定了战争状态、紧急状态和应急状态三种非常状态, 致力于建构 专业化大分工基础上的综合统一体制。在实践中, 应急预案取代了法律法规, 成为紧 急事件治理的基本规范依据; 政府和武装力量处于主导地位。中国非常法律基于必要 而形成, 其适用具有临时性, 主要内容具有授权性和预防性。非常法律未来发展的主 要目标是: 与中国特色社会主义法律体系衔接, 制定紧急状态下的基本法, 完善非常 法律的各项具体机制。

关键词: 非常状态 综合治理 执行主导 预防性法律

China’s emergency laws have emerged as a result of dealing with crises. They comprise laws and regulations, emergency plans, and military regulations, and define three exceptional or emergency states: war, emergency and emergency response, with the aim of constructing a comprehensive integrated system based on the specialized division of labor. In practice, however, emergency plans take the place of laws and regulations and provide the fundamental normative basis for tackling emergencies, with government and the military playing the dominant role. Developing out of necessity and possessing temporary applicability, China’s emergency laws are characterized by authorization and prevention. Integrating emergency law with the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, formulating basic law for emergency situations and improving the specific mechanisms of emergency law should be regarded as major steps in its future development.     

Civil Law: Its Humanistic Concerns

比照近代民法以财产法为中心, 现代民法强化了人文关怀, 主要表现为从以财产 法为中心到人法地位的提升, 并广泛体现于民法中主体制度的发展、人格权的勃兴、 合同制度的发展、物权法的发展、侵权法的发展、婚姻家庭法的发展等各个方面。中 国未来的民法典应当以人文关怀构建价值理念, 注重对人的自由和尊严的充分保障以 及对弱势群体的特殊关爱。基于这一理念, 在中国未来民法典中有必要增加人格权法 和侵权责任法编。在中国民法的适用等方面更应强化人文关怀。

关键词: 人文关怀 民法典 价值理念 人格尊严

In contrast to early modern civil law, which centered on property law, modern civil law shows intensified humanistic concerns. This is mainly reflected in the rising status of personal law, and is also widely evidenced in the development within civil law of the subject, personal rights, the contract system, real right law and tort law, as well as marriage and family law. China’s future civil code should construct civil law values based on humanistic concerns and highlight the full protection of human freedom and dignity and special care for disadvantaged groups. In line with this idea, it is necessary to include law on personal rights and tort law in the future civil code. Humanistic concerns should be strengthened in the application of civil law.     

Theoretical Reflections on the Formation of Early States in China

与古代希腊、罗马及日耳曼不同, 中国古代国家起源走的是一条构建和谐的道 路, 即没有打碎氏族制度, 而是在普遍存在的氏族组织的基础上滥觞国家的萌芽, 国 家与氏族长期并存而使早期国家完善与发展。氏族制度的长期存在和发展, 这一古代 中国独具特色的社会结构是和谐构建之路的深厚社会基础。古代中国早期国家构建过 程中, 十分关注各个氏族、部落的情、义、利、患等问题。这种关注与社会实践成为 构建和谐的基石, 也是那个时代的领导者成功的标识。直到古代中国早期国家成熟 时, 还能够看到构建和谐理念的痕迹。

关键词: 早期国家 氏族制度 礼制 和谐

Unlike the ancient Greek, Roman and German states, ancient Chinese states took a path of harmonious construction which did not involve abolition of the clan system. It was on the basis of the existing clan organization that the first shoots of the state sprouted, and the state and the clans underwent a long coexistence which allowed the early state to develop and be perfected. The unique social structure of ancient China—the long existence and development of the clan system—was the underlying social foundation for harmonious construction. The early Chinese states were much concerned with the feelings, opinions about right and wrong, advantages and calamities of the clans and tribes. This concern and social practice was the foundation stone for harmonious construction, as well as the benchmark for success for the leaders of the time. Traces of the idea of harmonious construction are apparent up to the full development of the early state in ancient China.     

Systematic Innovation,Comprehensive Development and Going Global: Some Thoughts on the Construction of an Innovation System for Philosophy and Social Sciences in China during the “12th Five-year Plan” Period

Abstract

30多年来,中国思想解放、改革开放的伟大实践推动着哲学社会科学的创新取得了五大成就, 开启了理论创新的时代。“十二五” 时期, 中国哲学社会科学研究将步入系统创新的新阶段, 将从个别观点、个别结论的创新转换到基础理论、理论体系和方法论的创新; 从单一学科、单一视野的创新转换到综合创新、交叉创新和新学科群的崛起; 从无序竞争转换到有序推进。作为创新型国家建设的重要内容, 哲学社会科学创新体系、创新能力建设与自然科学同为 “鸟之两翼” 、“车之两轮” , 同样重要。中国哲学社会科学创新规划应当强化“国家意识”、建立“国家目标”、设立 “国工程” 。系统创新、全面发展、走向世界, 这是当代中国哲学社会科学的基本任务。关键词: 哲学社会科学 创新体系 创新能力 学科群

In the past three decades, the great practice of intellectual emancipation and reform and opening up in China has given rise to five achievements in philosophical and social science innovation, opening a new era of theoretical innovation. The 12^th Five-year Plan period (2011-2015) will witness the arrival of a new stage of systematic innovation in philosophical and social science research: innovation in individual opinions and conclusions will develop into innovation in fundamental theories, theoretical systems and methodologies; the innovation of individual disciplines and perspectives will give way to the rise of new groups of subjects and to innovation based on synthesized and interdisciplinary studies; and disorderly competition will be replaced by orderly progress. As an important component in the construction of an innovative nation, the building of an innovation system and innovation capacity is as important in philosophy and social sciences as in their counterpart, the natural sciences; they are like the two wings of a bird or two wheels of a cart. Our innovation plan for philosophy and social sciences should strengthen “national consciousness,” establish “national aims” and launch “national projects.” Systematic innovation, comprehensive development and going global constitute the basic tasks of contemporary Chinese philosophy and social sciences.     

“Chinese Values” and Innovation in Philosophy and Social Sciences in Present Day China

“中国价值观” 是相对于 “美国价值观” , “亚洲价值观” , “华盛顿共识” 等 而言的, 是中国社会价值体系长期发展演变的结果, 是当代中国价值复杂性的观念表 现和理论提升。在历史与时代, 中国与世界的多维背景中分析中国当前复杂价值状况 的历史生成, 演进逻辑, 多元构架, 深层原因与内在依据,透视西方几百年现代化进 程中的历时性矛盾在当代中国的共时性并存, 我们主张以复杂性的思维与方法来看待 当前中国的复杂价值现实和价值观念, 在多重线索汇聚和多元变化整合的动态过程中 积极守护 “中国利益” , 合理履行 “中国责任” , 自觉探寻 “中国道路” , 清醒回应 “中国期盼” , 自觉化解 “中国难题” , 恰当彰显 “中国信心” , 更好地发挥出哲学 社会科学在解读与引领社会发展的积极功能。

关键词: 中国价值观 多元价值 核心价值 复杂性思维

“Chinese values” is a concept defined in relation to “American values,” “Asian values” and the “Washington Consensus.” It is a product of the long-term development and evol ut ion of Chi nese soci et y’s val ue syst em and const it ute s the c onc ept ua l representation and theoretical enhancement of the complexity of current Chinese values. We analyze the historical formation, evolutionary logic, pluralistic framework, underlying reasons, and inner grounds of present day China’s complex values in a multi- dimensional context that involves history and the present as well as China and the world, looking at the synchronous coexistence in modern China of diachronic conflicts that unfolded over several hundred years in the course of Western modernization. Our contention is that present day China’s complex value reality and value concepts should be approached by using complex ideas and techniques. In the dynamic process of integrating manifold clues and multiple changes, we will vigorously safeguard “Chinese interests,” reasonably fulfill “China’s responsibilities,” consciously seek a “Chinese path,” soberly respond to “expectations of China,” consciously break down “China’s problems” and appropriately demonstrate “China’s confidence,” in order to better perform the positive function of philosophy and social sciences in interpreting and guiding the development of society.     

An evaluative system for restructuring the literary history of modern China

当下的中国处于一个价值多元的时代,以往的建立于进化论、阶级论和启蒙主义 的文学史观也是颇有价值的;但是,进入21世纪,由于“以人为本”与“和谐社会” 目标的提出,也由于社会时空、文学功能和美学趣味的巨大变化,教材型的中国现代 文学史已远不能适应时代、社会和文学的发展需要,因此亟待重建和确立一个更为公 正、平等与合理的价值评估体系。这个评估体系是以人道主义为最高原则,以真、 善、美为三个闪光点,其最大优势是具有普适性、超越性、公正性和人本性的功能特 点。

关键词: 现代中国文学史?评估体系?价值重建?人道主义?真善美和谐统一

China is now in an era of multiple values. While there is some virtue in previous theories on the history of literature based on the theory of evolution, class struggle and the enlightenment, when it comes to the twenty‐first century, the histories of modern Chinese literature used in teaching are far from adequate for meeting the developmental needs of the times, society and literature. This is especially so in view of the putting forward of the goals of “putting people first” and “the harmonious society,” and the great changes taking place in time and space, the function of literature and aesthetic taste. Hence there is an urgent need to restructure this history and establish a more fair, equal and reasonable system of evaluation. Such a system would have humanism as its highest principle, and truth, goodness and beauty as its three virtues. Its great superiority would be its functional characteristics of universality, transcendence, fairness, and human‐centeredness.     

The Relationship between Government on One Side and the Market and Society on the Other in China's Agricultural and Rural Development: An Analytical Framework

统筹城乡发展要求政府承担促进农业农村发展的责任。我国政府以国家干预、政 府主导为特征的农业农村政策,在农业发展、农民增收和城乡协调发展等方面都已取 得较大进展,但现有农业政策在提高农业生产率方面的限度日益显现。有鉴于此,急 需构建一个政府调控和引导农业农村发展的新的分析框架,在其中,政府需要界分与 市场、农村社会组织之间的行为边界,在充分尊重市场配置资源的基础性作用、尊 重农村社会自主管理的基础上,体现政府职能的“兜底”特征;而且,政府在构建市 场/社会运行的基本制度、匡正和补充市场/社会失灵、培育市场/社会主体等职能中需 要进行逻辑先后排序。应用这一新分析框架,加强和改善政府对农业农村发展的调控 和引导,就需要基于农业市场化取向改革农村基本经营制度和农业支持保护体系,注 重对农业生产市场主体的培育;需要以政府为主体构建城乡一体化的基本公共服务体 系,创新农村社会管理体制,充分调动社会力量参与公共事务治理;需要基于城乡一 体化要求重构政府行政管理体制,确保农业农村发展政策的落实。

关键词: 统筹城乡发展?政府?市场?社会

The integrated development of urban and rural areas requires that the government take responsibility for the overall development of the countryside. Chinese agricultural and rural policies characterized by state intervention and government leadership have played an important role in promoting agricultural development and increasing farmers' incomes as well as balancing development in urban and rural areas. However, the effectiveness of current agricultural policies in promoting agricultural productivity is now clearly leveling off. Given this situation, the authors argue that it is imperative to construct a new analytical framework featuring government regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development. In this framework, the government must clearly define the boundaries between its activities and those of the market and rural social organizations. While fully respecting the fundamental role of the market in allocation of resources and rural self‐management, the government should exercise its power as a backstop. Further, the government needs to establish a logical sequence for government functions such as formulating the basic operating system of the market and society, correcting market failure and social dysfunction and cultivating market/social entities. To use this new analytical framework to strengthen and improve its regulation and guidance of agricultural and rural development, the government needs to reform the basic rural management and agricultural support and protection systems and to pay attention to the cultivation of market entities in agricultural production on the basis of agricultural marketization. Furthermore, it needs to construct a basic urban‐rural integrated public service system with the government as the leading actor, carry out innovations in the management system of rural society and fully mobilize the social forces to take part in the administration of public affairs. It also needs to reconstruct the system of government administration and management to ensure the thorough implementation of agricultural and rural development policies.     

China’s System of Anti-corruption Charges: The Tightening-up Process and Future Development

伴随着中国的改革开放, 中国反腐败的罪名体系走过了一条逐步精致化、细腻化 的发展历程, 完成了多次细化和全面转型,形成了严密的反腐败刑事法网和二元制罪 名体系。二元制的反腐败罪名体系在过去30年间贡献卓著,它不仅是法律逻辑自然演 进的结果,背后也承载着复杂的社会变革因素,更体现了立法者试图在制度层面遏制 腐败的主观期待。伴随着中国改革开放力度和范围的加大,中国反腐败罪名体系的未 来走向,必然是坚决废弃二元制罪名体系和彻底恢复一元制罪名体系。

关键词: 反腐败 罪名体系 改革开放 立法模式 职务犯罪

In step with reform and opening up, the Chinese system of anti-corruption charges has been progressively refined and elaborated. Its successive refinements and comprehensive transformation have resulted in a tight-knit network of anti-corruption criminal law and a dual system of charges. This system has made a remarkable contribution to combating corruption over the last three decades. More than the outcome of the natural evolution of legal logic, it also involves complex considerations of social transformation and reflects lawmakers’ expectations of being able to prevent corruption at the institutional level. With the deepening and widening of reform and opening up, China’s system of anti-corruption charges will inevitably develop towards the thorough abolition of the dual system of charges and the complete restoration of the unitary system.     

Thirty Years of Political Science in China: From Learning from the West to Indigenization

本文回顾了过去一个世纪政治学在中国的发展, 尤其是过去30年间的发展。其主 要观点是, 这个学科领域已经走过了两个阶段, 即“取经”与“效仿”。它正在进入 第三个阶段, 即本土化或中国化。不过, 即使对中国学者而言, 本土化也并非易事。本土化要求我们具有清晰的本土问题意识, 善于从我们独特的视角对中国和世界政治 现象进行创造性的思考, 并有意识地在思考过程中创造新关键词、新概念体系、新基 本假设、新分析框架、新研究方法, 最终把这种思考上升到一般性理 论。

关键词: 政治学 中国政治 学习 本土化

The article reviews the development of political science in China in the last century, especially in the last 30 years. It shows that the discipline has gone through two stages, namely, uncritical learning and gullible emulating. It is entering a new stage: conscious indigenization of political science. It argues that indigenization is not an easy task even for indigenous academics. Therefore a project of indigenization requires a conscious and active effort on their part. Without critical introspection, indigenization is impossible.     

The Three Forms of the Marxist Philosophy and Their Historical Fate

马克思哲学分析和解决的“总问题”,是资本占有劳动与无产阶级的解放。马克思哲学在探索这一问题的过程中,形成了大众形态、学术形态和政治形态三种有机统一的基本形态。然而,马克思主义哲学在马克思以后的发展史中,却呈现出不同的演变和命运。马克思哲学的三种基本形态在当代中国的命运可概括为：大众形态得以倡导,但尚未完全实现;学术形态强劲,但疏离政治和大众的倾向较为明显;政治形态突出,但需进一步得到学理支持和大众认同。当代中国马克思主义哲学研究的健康发展,不仅需要廓清马克思哲学的完整结构,而且要营造马克思主义哲学研究的可持续发展的“生态环境”,以推动其大众形态、学术形态与政治形态的良性互动。

关键词: 马克思哲学?大众形态?学术形态?政治形态

The “general problem” that Marx's philosophy analyzes and aims to solve is capital's ownership of labor‐power and the emancipation of the proletariat. In the course of exploring this problem, Marx's philosophy developed three basic, organically integrated forms: the popular, the scholarly and the political. However, the post‐Marx history of Marxist philosophy has seen these three forms evolve differently and meet with different fates. The situation in contemporary China can be summarized as follows. The popular form is proposed but not fully realized; the scholarly form is robust but estranged from politics and the public; and the political form is prominent but needs further academic support and popular recognition. For the healthy development of Marxist philosophical research in contemporary China, we must not only clarify the integral structure of Marx's philosophy but also create an “ecological environment” favorable to its sustainable development with a view to facilitating the benign interaction of the three basic forms.     

Criminal Law Boundaries for Freedom of Speech in the Online Era*

如何划分宪法赋予公民的言论自由权利与网络时代言论型犯罪的界限，是当下司 法实务面临的重要问题。在言论型犯罪的构造中，应纳入事实与观点二分法、公事 与私事二分法、客观真实与主观真实二分法，将合理确信规则下的”主观真实”作为 踲法阻却事由；基于网络媒介的科技特点与社会属性，网络服务提供者只具备中立义 务，对之不应简单地以共犯理论或不作为犯罪理论予以入罪。在言论型犯罪的诉讼 中，原则上须根据实际或推定的被害人意愿来启动刑事诉讼程序，当言论行为严重危 害社会秩序和国家利益且被害人无法表踡其是否告诉意思时，可直接蹇用公诉程序； “严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”等入罪基准须是现实物理的秩序混乱，且行为人要 对其有故意而无任何正当目的。对跷微言论犯罪不应跷易蹇用有期徒刑的刑罚；信息 网络工具具有很大的生活用途，一般不应没收。     

An Important Problem in the Holistic Study of Marxist Doctrine—The Inner Logic and Implications of Marx's Philosophical and Economic Revolution

马克思的哲学革命与经济学革命的内在逻辑联系,是关于马克思学说整体性研究 中的一个关键性问题。马克思的哲学革命与经济学革命的内在逻辑联系是在马克思 超越政治经济学领域的政治经济学批判和超越哲学领域的哲学批判的过程中展现出来 的,即：在超越哲学领域的哲学批判中构建政治经济学的方法论系统,同时在超越政 治经济学领域的政治经济学批判中丰富和发展初步完成的哲学革命的成果,最后在这 两种“互动”的批判中基本完成经济学革命并使哲学革命的内容和形式趋于完善。马 克思的哲学革命与经济学革命的内在逻辑联系对当代中国马克思主义哲学研究的重要 方法论启示是：作为马克思主义创始人的马克思（和恩格斯）,其学说的整体性实际 上包含着对后人研究和发展其哲学的一个最为根本的方法论要求——从其学说的整体 性出发来研究和发展其哲学。为此,就必须形成由批判理念、问题理念和时代理念构 筑而成的跨学科意识。

关键词: 哲学革命?政治经济学批判?跨学科意识

The inner logical connections between Marx's philosophical and economic revolutions are a crucial issue in the study of Marx's theory in its totality. They unfold in the course of Marx's critique of political economy, which goes beyond the domain of political economy, and his critique of philosophy, which goes beyond the domain of philosophy. Specifically, Marx formulated his methodology for political economy in his critique of philosophy and at the same time expanded the achievement of his initial completion of a philosophical revolution in his critique of political economy. Finally, in these two “interactive” critiques, he basically accomplished his economic revolution and perfected both the substance and form of his philosophical revolution. The inner logic connecting Marx's philosophical and economic revolutions offers important implications for research on Marxist philosophy in contemporary China. That is to say, the integrity of the theory of Marx (and Engels), the founder(s) of Marxism, in fact implies a fundamental methodological requirement for later generations in studying and developing Marxist philosophy, namely, that they should always keep in mind the holistic nature of theory. Therefore, we need to have a cross‐disciplinary consciousness which consists of critical awareness, problem awareness and awareness of the times.     

“World Risk Society” Governance: The Paradigm of Complexity and Chinese Participation*

全球正在进入具有高度不确定性的”风险社会”时代，风险成为现代社会的重要 特征，并正在改变现代社会的运行逻辑与规则，人类社会的价值理念、行为方式正在 被系统化地重构，全球治理演变为”全球风险社会”治理。当前，全球风险治理的碎 片化、低效率现象严重，现有公共管理、国际治理方式还不能适应风险社会治理的要 求。现代社会是一个具有内生复杂性、测不准性、脆弱性等特征的复杂系统，复杂性 是全球风险社会形成的根本机理，全球风险社会治理离不开复杂性范式与中国参与。 系统研究全球风险社会形成的复杂性机制，构建面向全球风险社会治理的价值、文化 与机制，形成辨识、化解风险的协同治理及反脆弱能力，在理论和实践上具有重要的 价值。     

Academic Discourse Right/Power and the Development of Chinese Sociology

作为“权利”的学术话语权,主要有创造更新权、意义赋予权、学术自主权等类 型;作为“权力”的学术话语权,主要有指引导向权、鉴定评判权、行动支配权等类 型。这些也体现在中国社会学百余年的发展历程中。在中国社会学初创阶段,严复等 人在社会学本土化和学术话语创新方面进行了尝试。费孝通经历了中国社会学前期发 展阶段近20年及后期56年全过程,其学术历程对于中国社会学发展史具有典型意义。 在理论自觉基础上努力达致学术话语权的制高点,是中国社会学从世界学术格局边陲 走向中心的一条必由之路。

关键词: 学术话语权 中国社会学 理论自觉 学术话语

As a kind of right (quanli 权利), academic discourse rights include the right to create and innovate, to endow with meaning and to academic autonomy. As a kind of power (quanli 权力), it refers to the power to guide, judge, control and so on. These rights and powers have been pursued as Chinese sociology developed for over a century. At the inception of sociology in China, Yan Fu and other scholars experimented with localizing sociology and innovating academic discourse. Fei Xiaotong’s life covered nearly 20 years of Chinese sociology’s early development and another 56 years of its later development; his academic journey epitomizes the historical development of Chinese sociology. The only way for Chinese sociology to move from the periphery of world academia into the center is to endeavor, on the basis of theoretical self-consciousness, to seize the commanding heights of academic discourse rights.     

The Chinese Model of the Legal Regulation of Technical Investigation

技术侦查是刑事诉讼中 “风险系数” 最高的一项特殊侦查手段。技术侦查的立法 模式和实践运行与一国科技发展情况、社会治安形势、刑事犯罪状况、人权保障水平 等密切相关。要使技术侦查在中国刑事诉讼目的实现中达到犯罪控制和人权保障的平 衡, 必, 对其适用原则、决定机制、执行机制、救济机制等进行法制化规制。

Technical investigation is a special means of investigation among criminal procedures. It has the highest risk parameter. Its legislative model as well as its operation in practice is closely related to the development of science and technology, the public security situation, the state of criminal offences, human rights protection, and related issues. If technical investigation is to strike a balance between crime control and human rights protection in the course of realizing the objectives of criminal procedure, we need to regulate its applicable principles, decision-making mechanisms, implementation mechanisms and remedies in accordance with law.