Technology Spillovers in the Multinational Outsourcing System and Technological Innovation in Recipient Countries

跨国外包并不像FDI或国际贸易通过单一路径发生技术溢出,而是通过进口溢出、出口溢出和纯知识溢出等多条路径共同作用。基于知识生产函数方法建立国际R＆D溢出回归方程,分别检验跨国外包的各种技术溢出渠道对我国制造业技术创新的影响。研究发现,在跨国外包的三条技术溢出渠道中仅有进口溢出效应是显著的,并且存在较大的行业差异：高技术行业在低位点上显著,中等技术行业和低技术行业在中高位点处显著。实证结果说明了我国当地企业难以通过“出口中学习”、“交流中学习”实现技术创新。     

Internal Drivers and the Specialization Status of Under-developed Countries： Evidence from China＇s High-tech Industry

将增加值率和生产率作为跨国可比的国际分工地位度量指标,引入产品内分工分析框架中,刻画发展中国家产业的国际分工地位受国内技术创新、劳动力投入、资本投入,以及FDI溢出效应等因素的影响机理,并以中国高技术产业和企业的数据进行实证检验,结果表明：国内的技术创新以及物质资本和人力资本等要素的协同性提升,是提高中国高技术产业国际分工地位的关键性内部动力,而FDI溢出效应的作用相对有限。因而中国产业升级的关键,是要挖掘和培育内部动力,而非依赖于FDI的溢出效应。     

资源禀赋会转化为制造业竞争力吗？--来自空间面板杜宾模型的经验证据

推动“中国制造2025”的实现是提高中国制造业国际竞争力的关键。以影响区域制造业竞争力的因素为视角,分别选取储量、产量进行资源禀赋双维测度,并在利用显性对比优度指数探析区域制造业竞争总体分布态势的基础上,通过引入FDI溢出、单位劳动力成本构建空间面板杜宾数据模型,对资源禀赋与制造业竞争力之间的动态关系及溢出响应进行了系统估计。结果表明：区域制造业竞争力提升过程中存在“资源诅咒”效应,并会扩散及影响周边地区制造业的发展;而在单位劳动力成本产生负向外溢效应的背景下, FDI正向溢出效应作用发挥有限,且难以有效弥补由于区域资源的开发利用不当造成的制造业竞争力不足的困境。实施行之有效的破解制造业“资源诅咒”措施迫在眉睫。     

我国科技创新的问题与对策

我国的整体科技发展水平已位居发展中国家的前列,为解决发展过程中存在的问题,要处理好传统产业与高新技术的关系,技术引进与自主创新的关系,技术创新与体制创新的关系。要在科技全球化背景下继续大力进行科技体制改革,调整生产关系以促进科技生产力的发展;积极参与重大国际科技合作,吸收全球科技资源,强化企业创新能力和国际化程度;推进"官产学研金"相结合,实现高科技的产业化;加快创新人才队伍建设,促进人才回流。     

营销渠道组织系统创新及其成长

营销渠道创新是一种组织创新,其目的是使渠道得以成长与升级,其成长与升级是通过创新效应获得的。我国营销渠道组织系统的创新,要以制度创新为基础,通过建立柔性组织结构和模块组织结构,达到渠道创新效应下的内涵扩张;通过国际渠道进入方式的创新,国内市场营销渠道的开拓达到渠道创新效应下的外延成长。     

Trade and innovation policies: Coexistence and spillovers

The debate over trade’s role in growth and inequality in recent years seems to center on the question of whether the gains from trade are worth the disruption from necessary adjustments. In particular static gains from trade for advanced economies are generally estimated to be small, while empirical evidence around growing employment and inequality challenges suggest trade’s role may be larger than previously thought, though still only one of many contributing factors. The focus on static gains though likely understates substantially the dynamic gains, as trade’s role in spurring faster economic growth, in both developed and developing countries through competitive and innovative forces. The dynamic, competition and innovation angle suggests a need for industrial policies to be revisited and examine how spillovers play out in the global economy. At the same time significant technological disruption is occurring through digital technology, big data, and machine learning/AI techniques that often require advanced capabilities and have significant competition implications. In recent COVID-19 pandemic policy responses governments have dramatically increased spending and liquidity to support stressed firms and households and encouraged many countries to consider strategic efforts to build certain domestic capabilities with the aim of reducing dependence on trade for emergency related goods and services. This paper provides insights on the specific role of innovation policies, and they differ from and are similar to traditional industrial policies, and what that might mean for future trade rules.     

China-Germany Industrial Cooperation in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative—An Analysis Focusing on Shandong Province*

At present, economic decision-makers and theorists predict that the robust alliance of “German technology” and “made in China” will reach new global heights through the development of intelligent manufacturing. However, the path to the realization of this prediction is still being explored. Shandong is a microcosm of China’s economic development and China-Germany cooperation, so the province can be analyzed as a representative example of the industrial choices and implementation strategies of this cooperation. In practice, China-Germany industrial cooperation should take into account industries where Germany has an advantage and the industrial development priorities and future growth potential of China and Shandong. We should thus focus on raising the quality of German investment and attending to its spill-over effects. The findings of a quantitative analysis of Shandong’s industrial gradient coefficient and industrial correlation show that the future alignment of German and Shandong industry should adhere to the principle of “emphasizing key points and storing up resources for the future.” For this reason, we should not only strengthen the key fields of Shandong’s industrial alignment with Germany, but also actively cultivate areas with potential. Research on the pattern of German investment in China indicates that German companies’ choice of investment location has certain distinctive features. The factors that matter most in attracting German investment are the concentration of German first-comer enterprises in the host country, the shape of the business environment and the level of human capital and regional science and technology. For this reason, against the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, Shandong’s alignment with German industry should focus on building industry chains, constructing investment platforms and shaping the external environment.     

“桑梓情谊”的现代转化：费孝通社会理论的情感维度

费孝通的社会理论在社会结构方面更受学界重视，而其中的情感维度尚未得到足够关注。本文试图在费孝通早年有关中国现代化的理论视域中，梳理他有关“桑梓情谊”与“亲属情谊”“乡土工业”“村镇地方团体”之间关系的探索和讨论，进而呈现费孝通社会理论中对于情感的重视。 在费孝通看来，中国的现代化应该以中国传统社会组织为基础来嫁接西方现代技术， 从而推动整个社会从传统向现代的有效过渡。 在此过程中，他尝试将既旧且新的“桑梓情谊”阐释为现代中国社会的情感基础。 文章认为，“桑梓情谊”表征并构造了本地的根源与大社会的流动以及地方与国家的人际关联， 是理解费孝通社会理论之情感维度的关键，对我们思考当代中国现代化建设也有一定的启示。     

On the Innovation of Literary Theory in China

Abstract

China’s rise has increased concerns about innovation in China’s indigenous literary theory. How to create theories with a “China style” and global influence has become a serious challenge for the development of contemporary Chinese literary theory. Three strategies are noteworthy in meeting this challenge. First, “amateurism in professionalism” can be used to offset the constraints of increasing disciplinization and professionalization in literary theory. Second, critical rationality needs to be cultivated among researchers and in institutional forms in order to alter the present lack of rational and vigorous debate, criticism and dialogue. Third, we need to reconstruct “grand narratives,” so as to make a unique contribution to the world in terms of universal values, meanings and ethics through transforming and advancing traditional Chinese thought.     

The Influence of “Made in China” on the Great Moderation of the Global Economy：An Empirical Test Based on Value Chains*

We have collected data on China’s 22 main trading partners for 1984-2012 and used System GMM to study the influence of “Made in China” on the “Great Moderation” of the global economy. Our research shows that although trade scale, real effective exchange rate, oil prices, fixed capital investment and other variables have significantly expanded global economic volatility, “Made in China” has markedly restrained output growth rate fluctuations in countries around the world and price fluctuations in developed countries, helping the global economy develop with “high growth, low volatility.” “Made in China” is a long-term variable in the context of the global value chain. China needs to take advantage of global value chain restructuring to further upgrade and develop processing and manufacturing industry and expand its presence in the international market. It could choose to adopt a “mirror strategy” and launch trade sanctions targeting counterpart industries or enterprises to counter irrational trade sanctions from the developed countries. At the same time, however, it is important for China to make its own contribution to improve global economic governance and building a new international economic order in the era of global value chains by strengthening its policy coordination with other countries.     

A Community of Shared Future for Mankind—The Contemporary Development of the Social Foundations Theory of International Law*

In the traditional understanding, the social basis of the emergence and existence of international law can be summed up as an international society in which interstate conflict and cooperation and interests and contradictions coexist. In recent years, the term “international community” has been widely used in national practice and academic discourse. Many scholars believe that the development of interstate relations indicates that the international community is being transformed into a global international community. The concept of “a community of shared future for mankind” reflects China’s new understanding of the social foundations of international law. It introduces Chinese traditional culture into global governance, develops Marxist theory on the community, is concerned both for mankind as a whole and for individuals, highlights the ultimate issues of the international community, and emphasizes the international community’s union of diversity and interdependence. The idea of “a community of shared future for mankind” is of great significance for the theory and practice of international law; it reflects the emergence of methodological holism, the response of international law to the questioning of its legitimacy, and the trend toward hierarchical systematization in international law. The concept of “a community of shared future for mankind” is of great value to China’s participation in the reform of the global governance system. It will help promote appreciation of the relations between China and the world, enhance China’s international discourse power and discourse force, and promote the rule of law in international relations that China advocates.     

The International Political Significance of Chinese and US Foreign Aid: As Seen in United Nations General Assembly Voting

The effect of China’s rapid development on Sino-US relations and the existing international order is an important theoretical issue in current international relations research. We use empirical research methods to explore whether and how China has influenced the results of US “vote-buying” in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through foreign aid. We find that through the mechanisms of foreign policy preferences, vulnerability and credibility, Chinese foreign aid has decreased US manipulation of UNGA voting. However, this is not a subjective strategic choice on China’s part but the objective result of Chinese economic development. Taking the game of Sino-US foreign aid in international politics as the entry point and squarely facing the structural contradictions and competition that exist between China and the US will help us understand not only the problems and obstacles China will encounter on its future developmental path, but also the necessity and difficulty of risk control in Sino-US relations.     

《日美半导体协议》冲击下的日本半导体产业发展研究——基于日本高科技企业经营业绩的分析

自20世纪70年代末,在"本政府的支持下,"本半导体产业实现跨越式发展,进而引发"美间的半导体摩擦。美国采取限制进口、阻碍"本引入先进技术等措施抑制"本半导体产业发展,"美两国还于1986年签订了《"美半导体协议》。通过分析"本高科技企业经营业绩的微观数据发现:《"美半导体协议》在短期内对"本半导体企业的营业收入、净利润及净资产收益率等企业竞争力指标产生了负面影响;"本半导体企业通过调整生产经营方式、合理布局产业链、调整经营结构、加强自主创新等方式,在中期内一定程度改善了企业的生产经营状况,但"本半导体产业的持续发展受到阻碍。在中美经贸摩擦严峻的背景下,中国的高科技企业或可从中获得启示。     

The Micro-Formation Mechanism of Trade Conflicts between Large Developing Countries: India’s Anti-dumping Action against China

Abstract

Employing Grossman and Helpman’s “protection for sale” model, this article uses data on anti-dumping actions from 1999 to 2009 to perform a quantitative analysis of factors influencing India’s determinations of anti-dumping duties against China, and reveals the micro-formation mechanism of economic conflicts between China and India. We find that the political power of India’s anti-dumping plaintiffs markedly increases the tariff level of its final determinations and that the relationship between the import penetration ratio and duty rates depends upon whether the plaintiffs are politically organized. Further, there is a significant positive correlation between India’s anti-dumping duty rates and its unfavorable trade balance with China. This indicates that in determining anti-dumping duties, Indian authorities are clearly influenced by the political clout of their domestic interest groups. They are also motivated by the desire to keep down China and gain the upper hand in the face-off between the “dragon and the elephant.”     

国家贸易促进技术创新体系的构建研究

国家贸易促进技术创新体系是一套推动科学技术知识在对外贸易部门中有效地循环流转及应用的系统。目前科学技术在我国国际贸易竞争中的作用有限,为了建立国际贸易竞争新优势,我国应该从企业行为、中介机构、社会氛围等层面构建基于自主创新的国家贸易促进技术创新系统,发挥技术创新在国际贸易竞争中的作用,依靠技术创新来提高对外贸易竞争力。     

Criticism of the Logic of the Ecological Imperialism of “Carbon Politics” and Its Transcendence

Within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol, international carbon politics inevitably presents itself as the logic or essence of “ecological imperialism,” reflecting a few Western countries’ expansion and development of their historically formed international hierarchical superiority or exclusive hegemony on the basis of their domestic capitalist economies and politics. This is an intrinsic obstacle to creating a more equitable, democratic and effective global climate or environmental governance system. Criticism of international carbon politics and its “ecological imperialism,” based on traditional “green-left” theories from Marxist philosophy and political economy, provides a theoretical basis for seeking an alternative way to cope with global climate change effectively. As a responsible developing country, China’s response to climate change is not only an internal requirement for the promotion of its own sustainable development, but also reflects its responsibility to create a community of shared future for mankind. This rationale for our time determines that it is necessary for China to become a world leader in coping with global climate change and environmental governance through a leadership which lies in making a contribution rather than fighting for hegemony.     

论分享价值原则的文化战略学意义--十八届三中全会《决定》的理论解读

在“五位一体”框架中，探讨支撑国家整体发展战略的基本价值原则，乃是当代中国化马克思主义文化战略学的重要课题之一。中共十八届三中全会《决定》强调“让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本的活力竞相迸发”，要做到这一点，在市场之内的初次分配中，必须让“资本-劳动”分享利润，与此相对应的是一种与“平等”等密切相关的“分享”价值原则。《决定》有关“多渠道增加居民财产性收入”“保障农民公平分享土地增值收益”等重大举措，同样是在市场之内贯彻分享价值原则，而以民生为主的社会建设、以公共服务为主的文化事业则是在市场之外推行分享价值原则的主要方式。全面推行分享价值原则，既有利于坚定地推进新型市场化改革，同时也有利于保障平等、促进和谐、拓展自由，对内可以凝聚社会共识，激发国民创造力，对外则有助于在价值制高点上展现社会主义中国的文化魅力和感召力。     

Experiential Logic in the Transformation of Contemporary China’s Social Governance*

How does Chinese society maintain its orderly operation and show stability and harmony to the utmost while China rapidly transforms its economic system and international circumstances become increasingly complicated? This is an important question that this essay tries to answer, and the analysis mainly involves the exploratory practice of the transformation of Chinese social governance. This exploratory practice is a process through which China constantly breaks through the traditional blockades of vested interests, overcomes newly formed challenges, and forms a new Chinese-style “one axis and multiple components” pattern of social governance during its rapid re-establishment of both social relationship structure and social psychology order on the unbalanced and insufficient conditions of development within its vast territory. During this process, the constant return to the CPC’s mass line, as well as the “mechanism of reversed transmission of pressure,” the “anticipation-led mechanism” and the “mechanism of turning crisis into opportunity” that the CPC has improved during its long-term revolutionary struggles and its deepening of reform and opening-up, has played an important part. The simplistic duplication of Western theoretical analytic paradigms cannot explain the experiential mechanism for the transformation of social governance, which is peculiar to China. The creation of research framework of “system and life” is just an effort for comparison and dialogues with Western classical theories. It is not only helpful for the development of sociology about Chinese transformation, but will provide new knowledge for worldwide social transformation.     

知识产权的多元属性及研究范式

在诸多民事权利制度中,知识产权具备更多科技含量和知识要素。一般认为：著作权发生在文化创作领域,与文化创新、文化产业息息相关;专利权产生于技术应用领域,与科技创新、科技产业紧密相连;商标权则运作于工商经营领域,涉及商品销售、市场贸易等诸多问题。在知识经济的时代条件下,知识产权的制度实施效果,关系到一国的经济发展、科技进步、文化与教育的繁荣;而在经济全球化的国际背景中,知识产权保护又事关国际政治、国际经贸、国际文化与科技的交流和合作。这就决定了,从民法学理论出发研究知识产权属性,当是应有之义;而结合人权理论、经济学、管理学以及政策科学,多视角、全方位来考察知识产权功能,亦非常必要。这有助于在不同学科层面揭示知识产权的基本蕴意,保持知识产权研究中的问题导向及方法的开放性。     

基于“5W”模式的城市体育文化跨文化传播路径研究——以晋江承办第18届世中运为例

大型体育赛事为体育文化的跨文化传播提供了良好契机。本文以晋江承办第18届世中运为例,采用文献资料、实地调研等方法,基于拉斯韦尔的“5W”模式,研究了晋江体育文化在物质、制度和精神三个层面的新进展,从预估传播效果、了解传播受众、拓宽传播渠道、优化传播内容、明确传播主体五个方面构建了晋江体育文化的跨文化传播路径,以期为今后国内城市进行体育文化的跨文化传播提供借鉴。