网络场域、文化认同与劳工关注社群:基于话题模型与社群侦测的大数据分析

基于“网络与文化”和关系社会学的理论,本文指出网络场域与所沟通的文化内容之间存在互构关系。本文使用话题模型分析了关注劳工议题的用户所发布的51 288条博文,结果显示,劳工话题大致涉及以下几方面：文化与公益、工人的困境与问题、维权行动与工人组织、制度与劳工权。对用户间互动模式的社群侦测揭示了5个主要社群,结合社群关注的议题,作者将其称为：工人家园社群、工人维权社群、工人文化社群、劳工制度关注社群、工人权益关注社群。本文进一步指出劳工研究领域的两个新趋势：（1）随着新生代工人群体的壮大,工人文化与城市融入等议题受到较多关注;（2）微博促进研究者与劳工组织的互动,在一定程度上有助于后者从制度层面反思工人的境况。最后,本文讨论了大数据分析在网络文化与社会心态研究中的应用。     

我国传媒消费主义的文化语境和现实表征

大众传媒通过对社会生活的文化关注和对社会大众的舆论导向发挥着它的社会公信力,我国社会转型后崛起的大众消费模式作为一种文化形态自然会进入传媒文化的内容构成。另外,市场机制的运作使大众传媒更加关注产品内容的“可消费性”,消费主义和商业利润之间的天然维系使传媒消费主义成为一种时代的必然。从文化语境和现实表征层面来透视传媒消费主义更有利于对它作出理性的解读和思考。     

文化与制度关系新探

在对文化与制度范畴作基本的概念界定的基础上,可将二者分别界定为文化观念和正式规则。从不同层次上分析文化与制度的相互关系,才能超越“文化是体制之母”和“制度决定文化”的循环论证。从归根结底的意义上而言,文化观念的形成和积淀,制度的形构和变迁皆源于人们的社会生产实践;截取历史发展的某一阶段,文化观念是制度的发生学意义上的直接来源,然而文化观念在不同的内源性和外源性制度变迁模式和制度变迁的不同阶段会有不同的作用,需做具体分析。     

文学权力:文学的文化资本

文章旨在通过文学在社会历史语境中所具有的文化资本来论证文学的话语权力属性。作者从分析文学的符号资本的条件即文化稀缺性 (包括文化能力、文化习性和文化产品三方面 ) ,以及考察文学的符号资本的实现方式即垄断表征领域这两方面对此进行了论证。作者认为 ,文学权力在当代语境中的衰落与大众媒介的兴起密切相关     

Putting culture back into acculturation: Identifying and overcoming gaps in the definition and measurement of acculturation

The concept of acculturation is widely used in the health and social sciences to explain various health and behavioral outcomes. A review of the literature highlights weaknesses in current acculturation research including the failure to ground the concept in a theory of culture, failure to specify the pathways through which acculturation impacts on outcomes and reliance on methodological tools that do not measure the core construct of interest. Building on cognitive and evolutionary anthropological theories and methods of measuring the distribution of cultural beliefs, we suggest that a research program focused on acculturation needs to initially aim at measuring beliefs, attitudes, and norms, and not on behavior. Researchers should empirically examine the distribution of beliefs across presumed cultural groups, and specify how these might impact on outcomes of interest. By parceling beliefs as distinct from behavior, our approach advances culture as but one possible hypothesis to account for outcomes.     

Cultural System vs. Pan‐cultural Dimensions: Philosophical Reflection on Approaches for Indigenous Psychology

The three approaches for conducting psychological research across cultures proposed by Berry (1989), namely, the imported etic, emic and derived etic approach are critically examined for developing culture‐inclusive theories in psychology, in order to deal with the enigma left by Wilhelm Wundt. Those three approaches have been restricted to a certain extent by the pan‐cultural dimensional approach which may result in the Orientalism of psychology in understanding people of non‐Western cultures. This article is designated to provide the philosophical ground for an alternative cultural system approach to construct culture‐inclusive theories in psychology. Following the principle of cultural psychology: “one mind, many mentalities” (Shweder et al., 1998), the alternative strategy contains two steps: First, based on Bhaskar's (1975, 1978) critical realism, all universal mechanisms should seek to represent the operation of the human mind. Second, based on Archer's (1995) analytical dualism, the mechanisms of the universal mind may be used as frameworks for analyzing any cultural tradition. The culture‐inclusive theories thus obtained represent the synchronic morphostasis of a cultural system, which may be used as theoretical frameworks for conducting either qualitative or quantitative empirical research in studying the diachronic morphogenesis of socio‐cultural interaction in a particular culture.     

新世纪以来“国学热”背景下的国产电影

"国学热"是新世纪以来中国社会上出现的一股引人注目的文化热潮。本文立足"国学热"与大众文化的关系,从人伦亲情电影与古装大片两个维度,分析了"国学热"中的国产电影创作,着重总结了其在艺术成就、市场成绩以及文化影响力方面的得与失,并在此基础上对国产电影如何有效发挥文化、媒介属性,实现与国学热潮的积极互动提出了参考建议。     

News media and the Muslim identity after the Christchurch mosque massacres

ABSTRACT

This article discusses news about Muslims via one researcher’s social media news feeds after the Christchurch tragedy. Using intercultural and Islamic communication theories, the contents of several news stories are analysed for their contribution to the Muslim person’s identity. Findings reveal four main categories: Muslim women and hijab; religion and terrorism; media, government, democracy and the politics of oppression; and representation of the Muslim voice. Substantial news content also depicts peace, love and forgiveness in its presentation of the human angle in New Zealand media. There is a significant shift from the negative othering rhetoric of international media to an inclusive national approach in the tone of the New Zealand press. However, Muslim narratives reveal that structural discrimination and systemic oppression do exist and pose safety and identity challenges. While news continues to divide and unite people depending on the press agenda, their depictions of Islam and Muslims have potentially major influences and serious consequences on the Muslim person’s identity within the local and global Muslim communities.     

Cultural deficiencies in ＂second-hand reading＂ of the classics and the reconstruction of the public intellectual sphere

基于以央视《百家讲坛》为代表的学者以个体阅读取代大众阅读的文化传播现象,本文率先提出“经典代读”这一核心概念。“经典代读”的文化缺失主要表现为三方面：受众出于对文化的渴求,被动地接受学者对经典的解读,导致自主阅读的角色缺位;媒体受商业利益驱动,以至于文化策略运用失当,文化角色定位偏移,因而出现角色越位;学者受制于大众媒体的强势导控与“受众为王”的商业逻辑,由文化理想的导航者蜕变为大众趣味的迎合者,导致角色错位。面对以上缺失,相应的对策是：聚合大学、公共图书馆、媒体等诸多社会公共资源,一同促使由媒体主导的经典“代读”向公众自身主导的“自读”转变,以此重建公共知识空间。     

陕西高校文化建设思路探微

高校文化决定着高校的核心竞争力。陕西高校文化在起决定作用的精神文化方面存在着一定的不足 ,从而影响了其他层面的文化建设。对此 ,应主要从以下几个方面予以关注 :其一 ,应建设鲜明的个性化的高校文化 ;其二 ,应创建能够提升人力资本价值的文化 ;其三 ,应建立健全人力资本增值服务文化氛围和制度 ;其四 ,应建立学习型高校与资源共享的高校文化。     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Cultural practice and utopian desire in German Social Democracy: Reading Adolf Levenstein's Arbeiterfrage (1912)

During the Wilhelmine period, leaders of the German Social Democratic Party began to redefine socialism as a 'cultural movement' which was concerned as much with the educational, artistic and leisure-time needs of workers as it was with trade union struggles and the future prospect of revolutionary social transformation. This drew them into a debate about the relationship between politics and 'culture', understood in terms of both 'high' and 'mass' culture, and the role of the latter in mobilizing German workers to the cause of socialism. Drawing on the methods of cultural studies, this article offers a close reading of Adolf Levenstein's important survey of the attitudes, 'hopes and wishes' of male rank-and-file Social Democrats and trade unionists from 1912, and his other related publications, in order to examine the ways in which German workers assigned meanings to cultural texts. In this way, it identifies the utopian political investments revealed in workers' leisure-time practices, ranging from poetry writing to novel reading, and their challenges to the structuring binarisms - oppositions between culture and politics, high culture and mass culture, art and everyday life, the masculine and the feminine, and reality and fantasy - of Social Democratic cultural politics in pre-war Germany.     

Social Psychology,Consumer Culture and Neoliberal Political Economy

Consumer culture and neoliberal political economy are often viewed by social psychologists as topics reserved for anthropologists, economists, political scientists and sociologists. This paper takes an alternative view arguing that social psychology needs to better understand these two intertwined institutions as they can both challenge and provide a number of important insights into social psychological theories of self‐identity and their related concepts. These include personality traits, self‐esteem, social comparisons, self‐enhancement, impression management, self‐regulation and social identity. To illustrate, we examine how elements of consumer culture and neoliberal political economy intersect with social psychological concepts of self‐identity through three main topics: ‘the commodification of self‐identity’, ‘social categories, culture and power relations’ and the ‘governing of self‐regulating consumers’. In conclusion, we recommend a decommodified approach to research with the aim of producing social psychological knowledge that avoids becoming enmeshed with consumer culture and neoliberalism.     

文学经典与大众文化--从简·奥斯汀小说的接受传播过程说起

二百年来奥斯汀小说的接受与传播过程，为如何看待和对待文学经典提供了丰富的启示。奥斯汀的小说经历了自身价值不断被发现与显现、在多重外力作用下从通俗文学走向文学经典的过程；在大众消费文化时代，奥斯汀小说作为源文本不断衍生、被开发，由文学资源成为文化产业链的资本。大众传播形式固然有削弱文学经典严肃性和深度感的一面，但经典本来就是一个不断建构的过程，各种重构和阐释为奥斯汀创作注入活力、延续生命，构建出文学经典与大众文化的良性互动关系。     

文化存在论的先验基础及其思辨逻辑

文化哲学一直是当代中国哲学界关注的重要领域.在关于文化哲学基础理论的研究中,即关于文化哲学的形而上学问题的思考中,一些学者提出了文化存在论的设想.文章从文化存在论是文化哲学的基础理论这一基点出发,探讨了文化存在论的观念、先验基础和内在逻辑等三个重要问题.     

Culture,Segregation, and Tolerance in Urban America*

Objective. The objective of this article is to examine whether racial tolerance attitudes are influenced by the character of the urban subculture in which individuals live. Specifically, is there a significant association between Florida's (2002) concept of creative class and racial tolerance among white survey respondents? Methods. The Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey that comprises respondents across some 27 cities provides the data for this analysis. Ordered logit regression was utilized. Results. Independent of key explanations of racial tolerance such as racial threat and contact theories, creative class or new political culture cities are associated with more progressive racial attitudes among white respondents. In addition, important evidence is uncovered that shows creative class operates as an interactive variable, conditioning the effects of traditional determinants of tolerance. Conclusions. Evidence suggests that creative class or new political culture cities should be viewed as constituting distinctive cultural milieus that have important direct and interactive effects on tolerance attitudes.     

北京文化60年

新中国成立60年来,首都北京的文化建设取得了辉煌的成就。本文以主题化的形式从文化定位、文化保护、精神文明、社会科学、教育、文学艺术、新闻出版、体育和公共文化等九个方面,概述北京文化60年建设与发展的成就。     

北京奥运文化传播与中国国家形象塑造

北京奥运会作为全球性的媒介事件聚焦了全球的关注,因此成为提升中国国家形象的良好契机。北京奥运文化传播作为一种文化传播、媒介变迁与文明演进的共时性过程,它实质上是一种透过传播认知体育文化、认知社会发展和人自身的过程,具有跨文化传播和数字媒介传播等性质。国家形象的塑造和传播以综合国力为基础,在很大程度上也来源于该国的文化影响力。北京奥运文化传播对提升中国文化影响力,塑造和平崛起的中国国家形象产生着重要而积极的影响。     

文化传媒精品的大众市场与政府供给效率

文化与传媒市场是文化创意产业的重要组成部分,其在国家整体经济发展战略中位置日益提高,文化传媒产品对大众的素质教育具有很好的正外部性。本文对我国的文化传媒市场进行了效率上的分析,并提出了今后可行的文化传媒市场的发展战略思路。     

企业文化及其对企业创新的影响——以宝山钢铁股份有限公司为例

宝钢建立30年来的出色发展以及在创新方面的突出成就,有其特殊的战略、体系、制度和文化等支撑。宝钢企业文化对企业创新、发展方面有着极其重要的影响和作用,宝钢企业文化是宝钢成功的深层次原因,是企业创新的重要法宝,其创新文化模式对其他国有大中型企业有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。