流动人口对城乡社会经济发展的影响

１　８０年代以来我国人口流动的趋势８０年代以前,由于实行严格的计划经济管理,加上严格的户籍管理,我国的流动人口为数很少。据估计,到八十年代初,全国离开户口所在地外出打工的农民人数不超过２００万人。８０年代中期以后,我国的流动人口经历了一个迅速增长的过程。１９８４年,中央放松了对农村人口进入城市尤其是中小城镇的控制,当年,全国流动人口猛增到２０００多万。从此以后,人口流动的增长更是势不可挡。１９９３年,全国约有６０００多万农村劳动力在外流动,占全国农村劳动力总数的１５％。１９９５年,全国流动人口进…     

流动人口服务管理与福利保障：现状、挑战与思路

2005年全国1％人口抽样调查数据显示,全国流动人口总量为14735万人,占总人口的11．28％,其中跨省流动人口4779万人。毋庸置疑,规模庞大的流动人口对我国经济发展和社会进步做出了重要贡献。但也必须看到,由于劳动力及相关管理机制不完善以及各级政府对快速增长的流动人口规模应对能力不够,流动人口服务管理与社会保障问题成为影响社会经济可持续发展的一个重大现实问题。     

对90年代回流农村劳动力创业行为的实证研究

本文以 90年代安徽省农村劳动力由城市打工后返回本地创业的 193个个案调查为基础 ,对农村劳动力从外出打工到回乡创业的—般规律进行了实证分析 ,从动机、资源、资本等多角度阐明了外出打工与回乡创业之间的内在联系 ,探讨了回流农村劳动力的创业“机理” ,提出不发达地区政府应鼓励和支持有—定打工积累的外出农民回乡创业 ,以推动本地区的经济发展     

劳动力流动的“半透膜”——城市户籍门槛对流动人口工资溢价的影响

“人才偏好”的户籍门槛在劳动力流动过程中形成了一张“半透膜”,即高技能劳动力可以在城市间相对自由流动,但低技能劳动力流动受阻,劳动力市场效率受户籍门槛抑制。文章将全国流动人口动态监测数据与城市户籍门槛指标匹配,发现城市户籍门槛越高,当地流动人口平均工资越高。使用1984年降水量作为户籍门槛的工具变量,在消除内生性并进行稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。异质性分析发现,户籍门槛对流动人口工资的影响仅在低人力资本群体中显著。机制分析发现,高户籍门槛增强了低人力资本流动人口离开的意愿,导致劳动力供给减少,产生工资溢价。户籍门槛通过影响劳动力流动将工资溢价保留在城市内部,一方面降低了劳动力市场运行效率,另一方面不利于共享发展成果和实现共同富裕。     

流动人口中的妇女问题

当前，流动人口正以前所末有的规模增长。据权威部门统计，全国的流动人口在7O（用至8000万之间。其中北京市已从1985年的90万上升到现在的165万，天津市1994年已超过6O万人，上海市从1985年的165万上升到1993年的331万；广州市从1979年的23．5万上升到1993年的13（至15O万之间。在“流动大军”中，女性流动人口的比重也逐年上升。从八十年代初期的占流动人口总量的33．5％一400，增长到九十年代的33．8％－45％，总量已达万叫一3O00多万人。这些“流动大军”闯进各大、中、小城市务工、经商、当小保姆……，对于繁荣市场，发展经济，促进…     

我国流动人口现象与社会经济发展

我国流动人口现象与社会经济发展林成策改革开放以来，我国流动人口规模不断增大，而且超过了户籍迁移人口的数量。１９８２年全国流动人口规模不超过３０００万人，１９８５年上升到５０００万人，１９８８年猛增到７０００万人，到１９９０年，全国流动人口数量大体接近...     

北京劳动力市场供求变化与京津冀人口流动

北京劳动力市场供需变化对外地流动人口进入北京寻找就业机会产生了重要影响。2004年以后,北京劳动力市场出现了供不应求的局面,使一些行业遇到了用工难的境遇,但从劳动力需求结构看,有些行业仍然处于供过于求的情况。这种现实向我们提供一个信号,未来北京仍然是一个吸纳流动人口的重要城市。河北省是向北京提供劳动力的重要省份,从农村剩余劳动力的储备情况看,尽管河北省不可能向北京提供无限供给的劳动力,但在近期河北省农村转移出来的劳动力相当大部分需要流向北京。一方面北京需要劳动力,另一方面河北省需要向北京转移劳动力,但现实情况是有很多因素制约了河北省劳动力向北京的流动,因此,需要从法律、制度、职业培训等方面拆除制约劳动力流向北京的种种障碍。     

推进流动人口计划生育基本公共服务均等化

广西桂林市有流动人口为47万多人,其中流入人口17万多人,流出人口近30万人。自2010年以来,为破解流动人口计划生育服务管理难题,桂林市紧紧抓住被国家四部委确定为＂创新流动人口服务管理体制,推进流动人口计划生育基本公共服务均等化试点城市＂的契机,结合全市全面推进城镇社区诚信计生实际,依托流动人口计划生育协会,     

河南省农村劳动力转移的五大特点

据省农调队对全省４２个县４２００个农户的劳动力基本情况调查表明,１９９８年河南省农村劳动力的转移规模有所增大。推算结果显示：当年转移的农村劳动力为２２９万人,占当年农村劳动力的５．６％,同上年比增加５６．３万人,增长３２．６％。其转移特点是：１女性转移率继续提高当年转移的农村劳动力中,男劳动力占６８．３％,女劳动力占３１．７％,虽然从总的来看男劳动力仍是转移的主力军,但从历史资料纵向对比来看,女性所占比重逐年在增大。１９９８年农村转移劳动力中女性所占比重比上年增加１．２个百分点,同１９９０年比增…     

上海市流动人口增长原因综合分析

流动人口问题已经成为中国城市地区的普遍问题。上海市统计局1995年人口抽样资料显示,在上海居住半年以上的流动人口已达158.0万,和1993年第五次抽样调查时的138.5万相比,短短两年时间内又增长了近20万。迅速增加的流动人口,给上海市“九五”期间的人口目标和劳动力力就业提出了强有力的挑战。本文就上海流动人口的增长问题作一分析。     

A Study of the Gendered Identity of Female Migrants in Contemporary China

As a new group in the process of socio-economic transformation, female members of the Chinese floating population have negative self-identities rooted in the traditional gender discrimination in China society. This impacts negatively on female migrants1 both physiologically and psychologically, disadvantaging them in the pursuit of resources, opportunities and rights. It is therefore necessary to positively influence the self-image of female migrants so as to ensure their rights, further their interests and...     

流动人口初职时间间隔及其影响因素的性别差异——基于生存分析的视角

基于福建省2977个流动人口职业流动的个体历时数据,应用Kaplan-Meyer方法和Cox比例风险模型方法,对不同性别流动人口的初职时间间隔及其影响因素的异同进行分析。研究发现,与男性流动人口相比,女性流动人口离开初职的概率略小,但在初职的时间间隔偏短。在初职时间间隔的影响因素中,初职收入、教育年限、婚姻状态、家庭迁移类型和流入地城镇等级规模的影响存在性别共性,而家庭抚养比、职业类型、企业性质和来源地类型的影响存在性别差异。     

社会融合中的性别差异:流动人口工作搜寻时间的实证分析

文章以扩展传统的流动人口社会融合的静态研究视角,使用国家人口计生委2010年上半年流动人口动态监测调查数据,从男女农村流动人口工作搜寻时间的角度进一步比较农村流动人口融入流入地劳动力市场过程的性别差异及影响因素。文章采用持续时间模型,通过研究农村流动人口在流入地城市找工作所花费时间的影响因素,发现虽然在给定时间内,女性流动人口在流入地找到工作所花费的时间比男性要短,但女性找到高收入工作的概率要低于男性,而接受低收入工作的概率要大于男性,从而导致性别区隔的流动人口社会融入模式。     

Female Migration and Child Occupation in Rural El Salvador

This article looks at the consequences of migration in terms of child education and child labor using a unique rural panel dataset for El Salvador. Results suggest gender differences in the consequences of migration on child activities that remain in El Salvador. While female migration tends to reduce child labor, both in domestic and non-domestic activities, male migration seems to stimulate it, in particular in terms of domestic labor. In contrast, while male migration has null or slightly positive impact in terms of school enrollment rates, female migration apparently reduces the likelihood that a particular child stays at school. Some of these results differ according to the gender of the child. The results do not seem to be driven by female migrants remitting more than males, but rather to alternative competing explanations, such as the existence of child–adult male labor substitution, differences in the use of remittances by gender of the recipient person, or limited ability to monitor funds when remitted by female migrants.     

Engendering migrant networks: The case of Mexican migration

This article compares the impact of family migrant and destination-specific networks on international and internal migration. We find that migrant networks are more important for international moves than for internal moves and that female networks are more important than male networks for moves within Mexico. For moves to the United States, male migrant networks are more important for prospective male migrants than for female migrants, and female migrant networks lower the odds of male migration, but significantly increase female migration. We suggest that distinguishing the gender composition and destination content of migrant networks deepens our understanding of how cumulative causation affects patterns of Mexican migration.     

个体性别意识与女大学生就业质量--基于五所高校的数据分析

本文以福建省五所高校大学生就业问题的调查数据为基础,分析了个体性别意识与女大学生就业质量的关系。研究发现,性别分工观念、性别自信及性别权利意识等因素对女大学生就业质量均有重要正向影响,但影响程度不同,性别平等意识对男女大学生就业质量的影响呈反向差别。     

Lingerie,Bikinis and the Headscarf

By tracing the repetitive visual themes and motifs contained in depictions of Muslim female migrants, this study aims to shed light on the various ways the German print media have tackled the issue of migration and represented cultural difference. An analysis of such images suggests that there are three major categories through which female migrants in Germany are visualized: (1) images that focus on alienation and lack of interaction with Muslims; (2) images that focus on contrasting life styles in shared spaces; and (3) images that construct the traditional and the modern via the female body. In most instances these images are not used to provide information about the circumstances of Muslim female migrants in Germany, but rather to make a statement about Muslim migrants in general and underline their lack of integration into the host society. Different visual conventions are recurrently used in each of these categories, creating patterns in the representation of migration. This study explores the visual conventions recurrent in each category and the ways they stereotype Muslim female migrants in Germany.     

Do We Think Children Need a Mom and Dad?: Understanding How Gender Ideology Impact Attitudes Toward Same-Gender Parent Family Rights

Research and opinion polls demonstrate that attitudes toward same-gender parent families have been improving in recent years among Western countries; however, the history of oppression toward, and misconceptions about, same-gender parent families continue to be demonstrated in Australian family rights policies. Common misconceptions include the belief that children need both male and female role models, and this could be influencing peoples’ support for same-gender family rights and having a wider impact on legislation change. Yet a dearth of research exists exploring a connection between gender role beliefs and support for same-gender family rights using a broad international sample, including Australia. To investigate this connection, a sample (N = 615) from 18 English-speaking countries responded to a series of questions to determine the importance of gender norm beliefs on same-gender family prejudice. Regression analysis demonstrated that people with traditional beliefs about gender norms were more likely to endorse a negative attitude toward same-gender marriage and same-gender parenting. Findings suggest a link between socially prescribed gender norms and prejudice toward same-gender parent families that may be fueling arguments against same-gender family rights policies. The implications of these findings on same-gender parent families and their rights require future investigation.     

Gender mobility: survival plays and performing Central American migration in passage

Bandits, corrupt officials, travel companions and smugglers rape Central American migrants during their clandestine journey across Mexico. However, migrants do not passively accept this violence; they devise performances of gender to arrive at their destination. Based on over two years of ethnographic fieldwork from El Salvador through Mexico to the United States, this article examines how men and women improvise new understandings of masculinity and femininity as they travel the migrant trail. In the transient social field of the transnational migration route, migrant narratives of the journey are ‘survival plays’ that re-imagine gender.     

女性流动人口的社会保障——基于广州市2005年人口抽样调查数据的分析

本文使用广州市2005年1％人口抽样调查数据,研究女性流动人口参加养老保险的状况.分析发现不同户口性质的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例低于同类型的男性人口.不同流动原因的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例差异较大.离开户口登记地时间越长的、受教育程度越高的、签订劳动合同的、已婚的女性流动人口参加养老保险的可能性更大,单位类型对其参保也有显著但复杂的影响.文章认为需要从制度、市场和文化的角度继续展开研究讨论.