清末民国时期广州金融风潮的应对

广州在近代中国金融业的发展中扮演着十分重要的角色.1845年,英国丽如银行在广州和香港分别设立的分支行为世界列强在华银行之滥觞;中国第一家华商银行——中国通商银行于清光绪二十三年(1897)在上海开业后,即在广州、汕头及香港等地设立分行.民国24年(1935),孙中山先生在广州设立了中国历史上第一家中央银行;民国26年(1937),广州地方官办银行的资本总额约为3400万元,占国内地方官办银行资本总额的40%以上.广州近代银行制度在清末逐渐萌芽并在民国前期获得了较大的发展,形成了具有强大竞争力的"华南财团",广州官办银行在国内同业中处于执牛耳之显著地位.近代广州政治紊乱,经济动荡,商民的心理素质脆弱,一有风吹草动便会引发大规模的金融风潮.一方面是新型银行等近代金融业的蓬勃发展;另一方面因银行挤兑等引起的金融风潮又此起彼伏;再有就是历届地方政府都在绞尽脑汁,通过强行调节毫银和纸币的流通比例来化解金融风潮,三者相叠加构成了一幅既千奇百态又万般无奈的金融画卷,由此可窥中国近代金融业形成、发展状况之一斑.文章通过大量鲜活的一手史料,以清末民国时期广州所发生的七次较有代表性的金融风潮入手,对政府、公安、商民和银业等四个阶层在金融风潮中所表现出来的态度以及所采取的措施进行剖析,以点带面再现了近代广州社会的金融百态,得出有规律的历史经验.     

试论抗战时期的邮政储金汇业局

抗战爆发后,国民政府以建设与抗战并重。金融是全国经济的核心,在实行战时经济金融政策的过程中,邮政储金汇业局的经营发生了深刻变化。作为四联总处下属行局之一,邮政储金汇业局在战时金融体系中有着其他机构不可替代的作用。本文试图利用四联总处、邮政储金汇业局等机构的文件资料,深入分析邮政储金汇业局在战时金融体系中的经营活动。这不仅有助于我们了解国民政府时期政府实施战时金融统制的过程及成效,也可以清楚地认识到邮政储蓄在战时金融体系中的地位和作用。     

以绿色金融改革创新激发广州老城市新活力

发展绿色金融是落实金融支持供给侧结构性改革的关键。广州绿色金融改革创新试验区是广州市首个经国务院批准建设的金融专项试验区,也是华南地区唯一一个绿色金融改革创新试验区。在研究绿色金融激发广州城市活力的机制的基础上,分析广州绿色金融改革创新试验区激发老城市新活力的实践效果,并针对广州建设绿色金融改革创新试验区所面临的挑战提出相应对策建议。     

日本的经济发展与金融制度变迁

金融制度主要分为市场主导型和银行主导型两种类型。后发展国家日本实行的是典型的银行主导型金融制度,这一制度安排对于有效配置稀缺金融资源、促进战后日本工业化赶超发挥了巨大作用。但是,随着日本由后发展经济向工业化经济转变的完成,其金融制度也面临着由银行主导型向市场主导型转变的问题。因为在经济赶超阶段有发达国家为样板,政府在制定引导经济符合政府战略意图的特定政策方面,拥有信息上的比较优势。通过对金融业的一系列管制,使以银行为中心的金融制度能够比市场更高效率地配置金融资源。而在实现经济赶超后,政府虽然逐渐丧失了这种比较信息优势,但通过市场配置资源拥有更高的效率,由此引致日本金融制度的变迁。     

加强穗港金融合作,建设华南区域性金融中心

1997年香港回归祖国，将会把穗港经济合作与交流推向一个新的发展阶段。在此基础上，穗港金融合作和衔接也必将跨上一个新的台阶。这为在广州建设华南地区的金融中心，实现建立现代化国际大都市的宏伟目标提供了有利条件。因此，对广州来说，这既是一个机遇，也是一个新的课题。一、广州区域性金融中心的任设已经具备了相当的条件广州金融中心的建设，客观上已经具备了相当的条件：第一，从经济发展来看，经过16年市场取向的改革，广州经济总量位居全国城市第三位，仅次于上海市和北京市，并且保持了两位数以上的年增长速度。第三产业发展尤…     

民国时期广州银行业风险控制的三道防线

地处中国南部边陲的广州远离皇权中心而毗邻港澳、连接南洋等地,其金融历来自成一派。清末民国时期,这里聚集了众多的银行机构,诞生了中国历史上第一家国家中央银行。而在中国历史上发生过的两次银行停业倒闭高潮中的第二次却是以广东银行的停业为标志的。目前,我国对民营银行的受理已全面开闸,民间资本进入银行业的渠道和机构类型已全部开放。开办银行或成为银行股东于国人而言已是美梦成真了。而处在国民经济核心地位的银行,其经营的成败将会对一国乃至一个地区的经济稳定产生重大影响,开办银行既需要资本更需要智慧。本文通过大量鲜活的一手史料,再现了清末民国时期新型商业银行在广州设立时的艰辛、开业时的盛况、倒闭时的悲哀,进一步理清了广州银行业在排除道德风险、减少操作风险和消除信用风险中所形成的三道防线的脉络,为金融管理当局以及有志进军金融业的民营企业家提供可资借鉴的历史经验。     

广州历史的别样呈现——《广州发展纪事》评介

<正>广州,简称穗,别称羊城、花城,是中国国家中心城市,世界著名的港口城市,国家重要的经济、金融、贸易、交通、会展和航运中心。广州作为中国最大、历史最悠久的对外通商口岸和"海上丝绸之路"的起点之一,有"千年商都"之称。同时,广州也是中国近现代革命的策源地。1911年爆发的广州"三·二九"起义,打响了辛亥革命第一枪,拉开了辛亥革命的序幕。由于地处中国大陆南方、广东省中南部、珠江三角洲北缘,是中国的南大门,广州成为改革开放先     

金融风险视角下的影子银行

金融风险内生于影子银行体系,但隐藏在各类金融活动中,不易被捕捉到。本文通过考察美国次贷危机爆发的深刻背景,发现诱发影子银行风险的三个关键因素,即全业务链风险评估缺失、风险积聚的正反馈效应和银行评估交叉业务风险深度不足。结合这三个因素并以浙江省为例,分析了我国影子银行体系的风险,结论是我国目前影子银行引致系统性风险的可能性很小,应加大金融创新和金融改革力度,促进影子银行健康发展。     

银行业顺周期形成机理与逆周期监管工具研究

随着全球金融危机的爆发,银行业发展和监管面临严峻挑战。在宏观审慎监管下,实施逆周期监管,以缓解顺周期性对银行的影响。对金融系统顺周期性和银行逆周期监管的相关理论做了简单评述,重点分析了银行顺周期的形成机理,并在此基础上讨论了逆周期监管工具运行的基本原理、存在的缺陷以及在实际操作中面临的问题。这些工具主要包括资本约束工具、风险计量补充工具以及政策和制度改进工具等。     

加速广州金融中心建设之浅见

广州是华南地区最大的工商业城市,也是我国改革开放最早的城市之一,在经济高速发展的珠江三角洲城市群中起着“龙头”的作用.其综合社会经济素质,不论是经济实力、社会资金实力,还是居民经济意识,均居全国前列.有此基础,广州营建华南金融中心顺理成章,势在必行.尽管如此,广州金融业的发展尚未形成一个较大的生长点,与上海、深圳、武汉相比,仍缺乏足够的优势.广州要建设成华南最大金融中心,必须正视存在的差距,尽快寻找突破口.     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

Global employment and decent jobs, 2010–2030: The forces of demography and automation

Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where “decent” jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).