国际贸易中的经济民族主义因素

经济民族主义是国际贸易过程中的必然现象,可具体表现为理性的与非理性的两种形态。贸易相对国必须根据其不同的表现形态采取相应的应对措施,以保障本国对外贸易的健康发展。     

现代化进程中的民族主义--美国民族主义的历史轨迹

民族主义是现代化进程中特定时空下的产物,它在民族的形成和民族国家的创建过程中起过不可或缺的作用,甚至可以说没有民族主义便不会有近代民族的形成和国家的创建,现代化也就无从谈起.从历史的视角来看,民族主义在显示其推动历史前进的巨大进步性的同时,也正在日益走向非理性,给人类和现代化事业带来极大的破坏力.本文通过探讨历史上民族主义的缘起与演变来看近代美国民族主义的历史轨迹,为我们更好地解读美利坚民族的崛起和美国民族主义的持久活力提供有力的注脚,同时也对当代美国的民族主义霸权做出理性分析和解释.     

全球化过程中的民族主义

在当今世界,由于现代工业、信息科技的高速发展,信息、资金、人口等方面的跨国流动都在以令人难以想象的速度进行,我们所生活的世界正以前所未有的方式彼此交织在一起,而这样的趋势正说明全球化(globalization)的来临。如果说全球化过程意味着一种整合的力量,那么民族主义运动则是一种分殊(diversity)的力量,它的趋向与全球化过程相比,几乎是对立的。针对全球化的发展将导致民族主义逐步走向衰落的观点,本文尝试指出,乍看起来,二者是本质相反、彼此毫不相容的,但在全球化的发展中,民族主义的存续不仅可能,而且有极大的机会得到转化、重生。亦即,具有普遍价值的人权、平等概念当可在这样的条件下得到正面发展;另一方面,具有独特个性的民族认同也将在科技文明、经济条件的提升之下得到前所未有的重生契机。     

当代世界民族主义论纲

本文着重分析20世纪末兴起的世界民族主义浪潮的多维成因、基本特点、发展趋势、对中国和国际政治、经济以及文化所产生的重大影响,在此基础上提出中国如何应对民族主义问题的方略,从而构成一个历史和现实相互联系、理论和实践相互结合的当代民族主义的分析框架和体系。     

经济民族主义研究述评

经济民族主义作为民族主义的一个次生形态,有其自身存在、发展的理论和现实依据.但从目前的研究成果来看,经济民族主义研究尚处在起步阶段,并没有上升到理论化、系统化的高度.在此,本文就相关问题的研究成果作一简单介绍与评价.     

宋教仁的民族主义思想研究

宋教仁,清末民初杰出的政治家、革命家、宣传家和爱国主义者.他的一生虽然短暂,但是他所经历的民族主义实践活动颇多,其民族主义思想也显见于其大量的著书立说之中,内容颇丰.研究宋教仁的民族主义思想,既有利于更加深刻、全面地认识和评价宋教仁,也对当下民族主义研究具有一定的借鉴意义.     

越南民族主义形成中的历史构建

法国、日本和美国的殖民统治是激发越南民族主义形成的外部力量,以儒教为代表的传统文化和文字的统一成为其民族主义形成的“内聚力”及推手,在此过程中越南民族精英则发挥了引领作用。在民族主义促使下,胡志明提出“越南民族是一个整体”,为了迎合这一口号,越南史学界提出民族起源的“本土”说以凸显历史的独特性和自发性,将历史上中越关系构建为“侵略”与“反侵略”以强化民众对国家的认同意识,在民族历史书写中彰显越南古代文明成就以增强民族自信心。在国家主导下,雄王信仰不断高涨,试图将全国各民族纳入到通过雄王符号构建起来的认同体系之中。越南将民族历史的客观性置于民族国家构建需求之下的主观性叙述,也体现出一定的民族主义色彩。     

从阿拉伯民族主义到巴勒斯坦民族主义——巴勒斯坦民族的成长历程

巴勒斯坦民族经历了从“潜在民族”→“自在民族”→“自觉民族”的过程。在思想领域,巴勒斯坦人经历了从阿拉伯民族主义到巴勒斯坦民族主义的转变。在完成了这一转变后,美国、以色列和国际社会才把解决巴勒斯坦问题的重心从阿拉伯国家转移到巴勒斯坦人身上,才使中东和平进程步入了正确轨道。     

国际贸易中的经济民族主义因素解析

经济民族主义是国际贸易进程中的必然现象, 可具体表现为理性与非理性两种形态, 对贸易当事国的反作用也有所差异。面对经济民族主义尤其是非理性经济民族主义日益强盛的影响力, 贸易相对国必须根据其不同的表现形态采取相应的应对措施, 以保障本国对外贸易的健康发展。     

民族主义与爱国主义关系研究述评

民族主义已成为学术界的一大研究热点,关于民族主义的研究都或多或少的提及爱国主义.有学者认为民族主义就是爱国主义;有人认为民族主义和爱国主义是截然不同的两个概念;有人认为民族主义和爱国主义是时而重合时而不同;更多的学者对待这两个词汇不作辨析,含混使用.面对此种状况,本文试图对民族主义和爱国主义关系的研究做一简单评析.     

民族主义视野下的阿富汗重建

2001年以来的阿富汗重建可以分为国际社会主导和阿富汗政府主导两个阶段。在国际社会的协助下,阿富汗政府在政治、安全、经济等领域取得了一定的成绩,但问题依然严峻。民族主义对阿富汗重建具有重要的影响,它不仅是阿富汗政治合法性的重要来源,也是阿富汗社会动员的主要方式,还直接影响着阿富汗国际形象的重塑。阿富汗重建的进程也是阿富汗民族主义重构的过程。     

国际政治视阈下的民族主义情绪

情绪是人类心理的常见表象。情绪研究具有悠久的历史,涉及多种学科门类。人性心理方面的情绪研究可作为探寻民族主义实质的重要路径以及国际政治研究的重要切入点。民族主义情绪是民族主义的原生状态,经过多种形式的嬗变后,既可经过理性的转化,成为历史前进和社会发展的动力;也可转化为非理性民族主义情绪,产生强大的破坏力。民族主义情绪普遍存在于国际政治之中,对其进行系统研究尤为必要。     

当代苏格兰民族主义运动探析

20世纪20年代民族主义运动在苏格兰兴起,在半个多世纪中,它相继经历了发展、低潮和放权的阶段,起初处于苏格兰政治的边缘,后逐渐发展成为苏格兰乃至英国政治议程中的中心议题。苏格兰的民族主义运动具有鲜明的苏格兰特色,这不仅推动了该运动的发展,也使它和当今世界的很多运动相比显得格外平静而少受关注。无论最后设立的苏格兰议会"是福是祸",苏格兰民族主义运动都是一个值得研究的重要课题。     

经济民族学的意涵

<正>今年恰逢中国社会科学院经济研究所成立90周年,其前身是1929年由陶孟和所开创的社会调查所。在此期间,诸如汤象龙、梁方仲、钱家驹、巫宝三、张培刚等一批受过规范学科训练的青年学者先后加盟,在坚实的社会调查基础上,研究范围逐渐扩展到经济史、工业、农业、劳动、外贸、财政、金融、人口、统计等广泛领域,形成了理论研究、现实研究和经济史研     

极端民族主义恐怖犯罪的刑事控制及其评价

After entering the 21st century, ter￣rorist crimes have become more serious. Terrorism has become one of the worst problems of the mod￣ern world and will continue to be a serious problem in the future. China is also facing the challenge of terrorist crime. Can the present criminal system accomplish the mission of legislative control of these crimes and fulfill the goal of penalising them? It seems that a review and evaluation of the rele￣vant criminal legislation and policies is necessary.
There are different definitions of terrorist crimes. American scholars Alex P. Schmid and Albert J. Jongman gave a review of 109 different definitions that appeared during the period from 1936 to 1983 , and proposed their own opinions in the book Political Terrorism. Chinese scholar Hu Lianhe analyzed 50 definitions that appeared after 1982, and proposed his own idea. On January 1 2016 , the third article of the Zhonghua renmin gongheguo fan kongbu zhuyi fa ( Anti -terrorism Law of the P. R. C) formally defines “terrorism”and “terrorist activities”. Generally speaking, both the academic and legal definitions have gener￣alized three characteristics of “terrorist crime”from subjective and objective aspects: 1 ) taking social order, public security, personnel and prop￣erty as the target of the ( terrorist ) behavior; 2 ) hurting the targets described above or threatening the state organs or international organizations by way of violence, destruction or intimidation; 3 ) taking the realization of some certain political or i￣deological purpose and claims as the ultimate goal of the ( terrorist) behavior.
Concerning the relation between extreme na￣tionalism and terrorism, the general idea is that“there is no pure form of nationalism; it is always combined with some certain political or social pow￣er, and characterized with social movement or his￣torical process”. And seeing from the development course of terrorism,“nationalism is one of the most permanent roots of terrorism”, and is also “one of the most powerful roots of terrorism.”
China has mainly experienced five revisions of its law concerning terrorist crimes: 1 ) revising criminal law in 1997 , and including terrorist or￣ganizations into the criminal penalty for the first time ; 2 ) legislating about terrorist crimes in the xingfa xiuzhengan san ( Criminal Law Amendment III) in 2001; 3 ) intensifying the applicability of the criminal law to terrorist crimes in the xingfa xi￣uzhengan ba ( Criminal Law Amendment VIII ) in 2011;4 ) including technical detection measures of crime on terrorist activities in the xingshi susong fa ( Criminal Procedure Law) revised in March 2012, thereby establishing the legal position of this kind of detection measure in criminal procedure; 5 ) substantially adding accusations in the xingfa xi￣uzhengan jiu ( Criminal Law Amendment IX ) re￣vised in 2015 , and strongly fighting against the ter￣rorist crime .
“As one of the social policies, criminal policy is a kind of countermeasure to handle different kinds of crime without delay - this determines that the formulation of criminal policy is bound to social politics and economics in a period of time.”Since the founding of New China, China has made up corresponding criminal policies according to the social needs and criminal status in different eras. In order to maintain a harmonious relationship be￣tween various ethnic groups, and respect the ethnic culture and customs, a criminal policy called “li￣angshao yikuan” (“less arrested, less killed, and punished leniently”) had been carried out con￣cerning the ethnic minority crimes. However, this criminal policy which had played an important role in juridical practice in handling criminal cases of ethnic minorities is unlikely to be a basic criminal policy for the control of extreme nationalist terrorist crimes in the present day. On the new historical stage,“kuanyan xiangji” ( combining punishment with leniency) has become a basic policy for deal￣ing with criminals in China—this policy is based on the inheritance of the rational connotation of the combination of serious and lenient punishment in the criminal policy, and learning the experience or lessons of “seriously fighting” criminal crimes since the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy. Doubtlessly, this new criminal policy has a guidance significance in the punishment of all criminal activities, including extreme nationalist terrorist crimes of the present.
A basic evaluation of China’ s criminal legis￣lation on the punishment of extreme nationalist ter￣rorist crimes is:1 ) it has developed from non-ex￣istence to existence; the relevant criminal legisla￣tion is in accord with the developmental direction of domestic terrorist crimes and the anti-terrorism situation;2 ) it has worked in concert with the anti-terrorism strategy of the UN, and performed a state party’ s duty;3) it has an obvious tendency of “severe penalty ”; 4 ) the revision of criminal law has started to be influenced by the risk concept of criminal law.
In summation, China ’ s criminal legislation and criminal policies have a positive significance in controlling the extreme nationalist terrorism crimes. However, there are still some deficiencies of the strategies of controlling crime. Hence, the following issues should be addressed in the subse￣quent legislation: 1 ) Before identifying a kind of behavior as a crime, one should judge whether the duty attached to the new accusation is a kind of ex￣cessive demand on the ordinary people;2 ) The ra￣tionality of the expected goal of criminal legislation cannot guarantee the rationality of a specific sys￣tem, therefore, the lawmakers also need to consid￣er whether the measures for realizing the goal are reasonable. 3) The deserved function of the non-criminal penalty method should be noticed, and it should be developed rationally and harmoniously together with the criminal penalty,thus a solid sys￣tem which can control extreme nationalist terrorist crime should then be constructed. 4) The guaran￣tee of human rights also cannot be ignored in the anti-terrorist legislation and criminal policies.     

解读新疆维吾尔族服饰文化中的宗教信仰涵义

本文从新疆维吾尔族服饰文化中的宗教信仰涵义视角出发 ,探讨新疆维吾尔族服饰文化中孕含的宗教信仰涵义 ,指出新疆维吾尔族服饰文化呈现出以伊斯兰宗教文化为主的多种宗教文化的涵义     

试论一战后初期的库尔德民族主义运动

一战后初期 ,库尔德人为实现民族自决进行了不懈的斗争 ,涌现出一批民族主义者 ,但库尔德人的抗争以失败告终。文章认为 ,此时期的库尔德民族主义运动尚处于部落反抗阶段。其失败的原因 ,一是由于谋求建立、巩固新兴民族独立国家和实现现代化的土耳其政府不能容许境内库尔德人的分离主义 ;二是由于国际形势的变化 ,库尔德人失去了西方国家的支持 ;三是与库尔德人自身的分裂有关。     

安萨里道德教育的内涵及其影响

安萨里是中世纪最有影响力的思想家和教育家之一,他的启示和理性的并重,道德教育与知识教育的有机结合,以及道德教育中的中道思想,影响了一代代穆斯林。本文通过探讨安萨里关于道德教育的重要理念及其影响,呈现其伊斯兰教道德教育的深刻内涵。