企业声誉的影响因素及其对消费者口碑传播行为的作用

在拓展企业声誉的态度结构基础上,借鉴"态度-行为"模型,从消费者角度研究企业声誉态度的形成影响因素,即企业声誉对消费者口碑传播行为的作用.对261名消费者的调研数据的分析表明:情感导向的企业声誉态度对消费者口碑传播行为的影响最大,企业声誉的行为倾向因素对口碑传播行为存在显著影响,而认知因素的影响不明显;对企业特征包括发展、吸引力、质量和责任的感知会不同程度地影响企业声誉的各方面.另外,责任、发展和吸引力感知三者通过情感态度影响消费者口碑行为,质量、发展和吸引力感知三者通过行为倾向态度影响消费者口碑行为.     

The Impact of Corporate Reputation on Firm Risk: A Panel Data Analysis of Spanish Quoted Firms

Researchers have traditionally addressed the influence of corporate reputation on firm performance, but have not considered the influence of corporate reputation on firm risk. This research develops hypotheses regarding the opposing influence of corporate reputation on a firm's systematic risk, unsystematic risk and total risk, as well as the moderation effect of firm size and industry concentration. Using a panel data method, these relationships are analysed, controlling for the effects of endogeneity, for a sample of Spanish quoted firms in the period 2001–2007. Specifically, two complementary analyses are performed. The first distinguishes firms included and not included in the MERCO index of the most reputable firms. The second analyses the impact of corporate reputation for the sub‐sample of most reputable firms. Being reputable reduces a firm's unsystematic risk and total risk, but increases systematic risk. In addition, firm size weakens these influences of corporate reputation on firm risk. However, among the most reputable firms, differences in reputation score have a lower effect on risk. Specifically, the corporate reputation level only influences firm unsystematic risk. It seems that what matters is not the degree of corporate reputation, but whether being or not being reputable is the question in terms of risk.     

Corporate Reputation and Women on the Board

In this paper, we investigate the determinants of corporate reputation, derived from the assessments of managers and market analysts, of a sample of large UK firms. Along with the influences of a variety of firm attributes, we find a reputational effect associated with a female presence at board level. This effect varies across sectors and demonstrates the influence of a firm's stakeholder environment in determining whether a female presence on the board enhances or harms the reputation of the firm. The pattern that emerges indicates that the presence of women on the board is favourably viewed in only those sectors that operate close to final consumers. We argue that the nature of this effect reflects an imperative for equality of representation that highlights the need to reflect gender diversity among customers.     

CSR对企业声誉及顾客忠诚影响的实证研究

本文试图将企业社会责任划分为六个方面,将企业声誉划分为认知声誉和情感声誉两个方面,构建一个企业社会责任(CSR)对企业声誉和顾客忠诚影响的概念模型,并通过结构方程模型方法对模型进行检验,以探索企业社会责任各方面对顾客忠诚的影响程度,以及企业声誉作为中介变量的合理性。研究结果表明,企业社会责任对顾客忠诚的影响主要来源于企业社会责任中的经济责任、企业对消费者的责任、法律责任和慈善责任;企业声誉划分为认知声誉和情感声誉是合理的;企业声誉是企业社会责任影响顾客忠诚的中介变量;企业社会责任通过企业声誉影响顾客满意,从而影响顾客忠诚。     

The Primary Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethicality in Corporate Reputation: An Empirical Study

We examine three assumptions commonly held in the corporate reputation literature: (1) reputation ratings of owners and investors are generally representative of all stakeholders; (2) stakeholders will generally provide a higher reputation rating to firms that emphasize corporate social responsibility versus firms that do not; and (3) profitability is the primary criterion of importance to all stakeholders when rating a firm's reputation. Using an exploratory in‐class exercise, our findings suggest that: (1) there are significant differences among stakeholder groups in their reputation ratings; (2) firms that emphasize corporate social responsibility are not rated more highly across all stakeholder groups; and (3) for all stakeholder groups, the ethicality criterion explained more of the variance in firms' reputation ratings than the profitability criterion.     

The Impact of Leadership Characteristics on Corporate Performance

We identify three attributes of a firm that exert significant positive impact on stock return performance of companies. Specifically, quality of management, financial soundness and quality of products/services indicators are critical for successful financial performance. We then discuss the leadership characteristics that are necessary to positively affect these attributes. We believe this information provides insights into the type of leadership characteristics that result in improved financial performance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Corporate Reputation: Do Board Characteristics Matter?

Our study draws on institutional and signalling theories to postulate relationships between board characteristics and corporate reputation. Based on a sample of 324 firms featured in Fortune's list of most admired corporations in the USA, our findings indicate that board characteristics significantly influence the assessment of firm reputation by the business community. Specifically, we found that firms with a greater proportion of outside directors and those with larger boards exhibited better reputation than those with smaller boards and a higher proportion of insiders. In addition, we observed an inverted‐U relationship between the average tenure of outside directors and corporate reputation. However, contrary to expectations, our findings indicate a negative association between independent leadership structure (i.e. absence of duality) and corporate reputation.     

The Impact of Stakeholder Management on Corporate International Diversification

This article explores the relationship between stakeholder management and international diversification. We differentiate between strengths and concerns in stakeholder management to demonstrate the differential effects of the two aspects of stakeholder management. Previous research on stakeholder theory often focuses on the importance of stakeholder relations, trying to build a business case of relational capital that results from strong stakeholder management. Such a relational approach, however, overlooks the process of managing stakeholders, a process that allows firms with strengths in stakeholder management to develop an important capability of managing tensions. In this study, we argue that this capability, an inherent part of stakeholder management, can be critical when firms face increased complexity during the process of international diversification. We therefore propose that strengths in stakeholder management are positively related to international diversification, while concerns in stakeholder management are negatively related to international diversification. Using panel data for 169 US multinational firms over a 10‐year period, we find support that strengths in stakeholder management facilitate international diversification. We discuss the contributions of our findings to stakeholder theory and international business research.     

中国公司声誉测量指标构建的实证研究

作为一种特殊的无形资产,公司声誉能够帮助企业有效整合企业内外的资源,但是由于认知的不同,公司声誉在不同的文化体系下有很大的差异.美国的公司声誉研究所通过多年的研究认为,美国人从产品和服务、工作环境、社会责任、愿景和领导、财务绩效、情感吸引等六个因子去衡量公司声誉,并把这六个因子的指标体系称为"誉商","誉商"的指标体系已经在世界许多国家得到了认同.本文首先对美国"誉商"指标在中国的适应性进行了研究,得到了一个五因子的指标体系;然后根据中国企业的现实情况,寻找与中国公司声誉密切相关的补充指标,对中国公司的声誉构成进行了探索,得到了一个七因子的指标体系,并认为社会背景因子和跨国经营能力因子是中国公司声誉的专用因子.     

Impact of Customer‐based Corporate Reputation on Non‐monetary and Monetary Outcomes: The Roles of Commitment and Service Context Risk

A firm's reputation is an important intangible asset, because of its potential for value creation. The authors explore non‐monetary and monetary outcomes of customer‐based corporate reputation (CBR) and hypothesize that commitment serves as a partial mediator, while service context risk is a moderator, of these relationships. Using a large sample of service customers who evaluated the reputation of service firms in four service categories, the results show that (1) commitment partially mediates the relationship between CBR and most of the outcome variables, and (2) service provider selection risk moderates these relationships, such that reputation has a stronger effect on several non‐monetary outcomes for higher‐risk services and commitment has a stronger effect for lower‐risk services, consistent with a dual‐processing framework explanation. The authors discuss the theoretical and managerial implications.     

企业社会责任行为对消费者品牌评价的影响

现代企业在追求利润的同时也开始承担企业社会责任(CSR),企业履行不同的CSR方式对消费者品牌评价会带来不同的影响、企业如何结合自身特点、选择适合自己的CSR行为方式实现社会与企业的共赢等问题是现有文献的研究断层。本文通过实验研究,检验了产品相关责任行为、慈善行为、公益实践这三种CSR行为方式对消费者品牌评价的影响。研究发现,CSR行为中产品相关责任行为和慈善行为对消费者品牌评价的提升作用显著,其中产品相关责任行为的影响作用最显著。进一步研究表明,在企业慈善行为中,产品与CSR行为的匹配性对消费者的品牌评价具有调节作用。本文的理论创新点在于,测量了产品相关责任、慈善行为、公益实践三种方式对消费者品牌评价的影响差异,进一步分析了CSR行为与产品的匹配性在善因营销和捐赠行为这两种慈善行为方式中表现出的不同调节作用。研究结论对企业进行CSR决策提供了策略性建议。     

地理距离对企业社会责任的影响研究

地理距离在中国转型经济情境下,意味着信息不对称和制度压力异质性。基于信号理论,以2010~2017年中国上市公司为样本,采用随机效应模型,探讨企业与政府监管机构之间的地理距离对企业社会责任的影响机理,以及制度环境与高铁线路对上述关系的调节效应。研究表明:地理距离对企业社会责任表现存在显著的负向影响,较好的制度环境与途经较多的高铁线路,均可缓解地理距离对企业社会责任表现的负向影响。     

Examining the Antecedents and Consequences of Corporate Reputation: A Customer Perspective

This paper extends previous work to examine the antecedents and customer-related consequences of corporate reputation for one important stakeholder group, customers, and within a special service sector where product and corporate associations are synonymous. We begin by linking the concept of corporate reputation to related concepts. Then, using structural equation modelling on customer survey data (n=511), we examine the impact of customer satisfaction and trust on corporate reputation, as well as how corporate reputation affects customer loyalty and word of mouth behaviour. The management implications of these results are discussed.     

The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on the Consumer Purchasing Situation

To explore the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on the consumer purchasing situation, we arranged a scenario where participants (n = 451) purchased workout clothes. The results (r = 0.996, p = 0.000) show that (1) relative to other relevant marketing activities, CSR activity was not the most salient antecedent stimulus, (2) general CSR activities may have a lower impact on purchasing behavior than more specific CSR activities, (3) some CSR activities may have a negative impact on purchasing behavior, and (4) CSR activities may have a different impact on different segments. We propose that the impact of CSR can be understood as rule-governed behavior situated in the consumer’s situation. A functional understanding of the impact of CSR on the purchasing situation could help companies to develop more effective marketing campaigns and, in addition, maintain activities that benefit not only the company but also society as a whole.     

连锁股东对企业风险承担的影响研究

以中国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验连锁股东对企业风险承担的影响。研究发现:连锁股东能够发挥监督效应、信息效应和资源效应,从而提升企业风险承担;在行业竞争程度较高和经济政策不确定性较低的情境下,连锁股东对企业风险承担的积极效应更显著;相较于国有连锁股东,机构和外资连锁股东更有助于提升企业风险承担;虽然连锁股东持股有助于提升企业风险承担,但连锁股东委派董事的过度监督效应降低了企业风险承担;经济后果检验发现,连锁股东通过提升企业风险承担进而提升了企业价值。     

信用评价体系以及相关因素对一口价网上交易影响的实证研究

利用淘宝网的交易数据,研究一口价价格、信用的好中差评、商盟以及消费者保障计划等对交易笔数的影响。实证研究表明,价格对交易笔数有显著的负影响、好中差评数均有显著的正影响,而是否参加商盟无显著影响,参加消费者保障则为卖家带来了更多的交易笔数。研究表明,信用评价体系在网上交易中起到了一定的作用,但这个作用受到淘宝的信用评价政策等诸多因素的影响。     

前瞻型环境战略对企业绿色形象的影响研究

从自然资源基础观出发,研究前瞻型环境战略对企业绿色形象的影响.提出前瞻型环境战略会通过影响绿色核心能力、绿色产品创新与绿色过程创新,进而对企业绿色形象产生积极影响,并创建了相关关系模型.研究表明,前瞻型环境战略会提升企业绿色形象,绿色核心能力与绿色创新在前瞻型环境战略与企业绿色形象间存在链式中介作用.另外,对比了提升企业绿色形象的不同路径,为企业构建高区分度的企业形象提供了新的思路和建议.