所有制分割、行业选择与工资差异

为揭示中国劳动力市场所有制分割引起的工资差异,基于二元选择Logit模型和Mincer方程,构建二元选择Logit-非歧视分解模型,将国有部门与非国有部门之间的工资差异分解为行业间可解释、行业间不可解释、行业内可解释、行业内不可解释1(超额回报)和行业内不可解释2(不足回报)5个部分。以2002年中国家庭收入调查微观数据为研究对象,对在国有部门和非国有部门就业的中国城镇居民行业选择行为、工资决定机制、工资差异构成等进行定量研究。实证结果表明,国有部门与非国有部门劳动力特征显著不同,导致其行业选择行为存在较大差异;国有部门与非国有部门工资决定机制显著不同,导致其工资水平存在较大差距,劳动力特征差异可以解释其中的60.10%,仍有39.90%不可解释部分形成国有部门非正常的工资溢价。     

中国劳动力市场不同部门性别工资差异分析

非国有部门与国有部门相比趋于在更具竞争性的劳动力市场运作。国有部门性别工资差距比非国有部门低得多（MaurerFazio和Hughes,1999）。从国有、集体到私有部门,工资差距中歧视能解释的份额逐次降低（Liuetal,2000）。本文用计量方法分析描述验证了中国劳动力市场中不同部门间的性别工资差异。     

所有制性质、制度环境与企业跨区域市场进入战略选择

转轨经济中企业所有制性质与外部制度环境差异对企业战略选择有着至关重要的作用,本文结合资源依赖理论和制度理论,探讨不同所有制性质的房地产企业在跨区域发展战略和市场进入模式选择上的差异,并进一步考察区域制度环境对这种差异的影响作用。研究表明,民营房地产企业发生跨区域经营的概率显著高于国有房地产企业;国有房地产企业倾向于选择对目标市场经营活动较高控制程度的跨区域市场进入模式,而民营房地产企业则倾向于选择对目标市场经营活动较低控制程度的跨区域市场进入模式;当房地产企业进入制度相对完善的区域时,尽管民营企业相比国有企业仍然更倾向于选择低控制市场进入模式,但是两类所有制企业的市场进入模式选择差异显著缩小。     

基于不同股权特征的上市公司经理报酬业绩敏感性

由于不同所有制企业存在重要的产权和治理结构差异,因此它们对经理的激励也可能存在重要差异。基于此,本文将样本上市公司分为国家机构直接控股、国有独资企业代表国家间接控股、国有法人控股和私营企业控股的民营上市公司四类,并且分别检验四类样本公司的经理报酬业绩敏感性。我们发现:民营上市公司经理报酬业绩敏感性最高,其次是国有法人控股和国有独资企业控股的上市公司,而国家机构直接控股的上市公司报酬业绩不敏感。     

城市规模、技能差异与劳动者工资收入

本文基于2007年CHIP数据,从技能差异的角度较为全面地考察了城市规模对劳动者工资收入的影响。城市总体工资溢价回归结果显示,大城市对劳动力有一定的正向技能选择性,但仍在很大程度上不能解释大城市的工资溢价。在控制相关的城市、个体质量、行业和地区特征,并对名义收入采用部分调整法后,不同技能劳动力均享受了大城市的工资溢价,且该结论在改变指标度量、考虑内生性等情形下仍然稳健。文章进一步考察不同技能劳动力获取大城市工资溢价的途径,发现仅中等技能劳动力的工资溢价主要来源于大城市更高的物价,而高、低技能劳动力的工资溢价主要来自于劳动力质量的提升和大城市的集聚经济效应,具体表现为大城市通过这两条途径提高了高技能劳动力的正规教育再投资、工作经验回报率和流动投资,以及增加了低技能劳动力的工作经验回报率和流动投资。本文为加快城镇化进程、缩小城市技能工资差距和大力投资人力资本提供了理论支持。     

如何解开“新失业群体”这个结

近些年来．国家有关部门统计失业人员．往往针对的仅是国有或集体企业的失业下岗者。而事实上，在如今城市中，还存在另外一个失业群体．他们没有国有或集体企业工作经历，初中、高中、大学甚至更低学历毕业或肄业后加入到失业行列，他们被劳动学研究专家和社会学家们称为“新失业群体”。经过多年的国企改革和市场化进程．目前由国有和集体企业失业下岗人员构成的“老失业群体”已达到峰值，     

农民负担：由“显性”转入“隐性”

被称为继土改、家庭联产承包责任制之后的“中国当代农村第三次革命”的农村税费改革以来，大部分农民的负担得到了减轻。但是，在新的一年即将到来的时候，许多农民的脸上刚露出笑容又被愁云遮住了。因为“显性”负担刚减下去、“隐性”负担又升上来。随着农村教育、卫生体制改革的深入，国有医院改民营、公办学校改私立，农民的医疗支出、教育支出、婚丧嫁娶支出这三大隐性负担日趋加重，成为压在农民头上的新的包袱，必须引起我们的高度重视。     

万州法院为节后外出农民工开辟快速维权“绿色通道”

正2月18日,万州法院分水法庭快速审结原告陈某等人与被告朱某劳务合同纠纷案,为急着外出务工的12名农民工当庭讨回拖欠的工资尾款18000元。案件源于2012年4月原告陈某等12人随被告朱某前往内蒙呼伦贝尔市,在其承包的建设工地务工,完工后朱某因资金紧缺无力支付原告等人工资。2013年7月5日,经呼伦贝尔市建委、劳动局及派出所等部门的积极协调,被告朱某支付了原告部分工资,未支付部分出具了欠条。在拿到欠条后农民工纷纷返     

民营经济投资“禁区”研究

一．当前民营投资进入领域仍然存在若干“禁区”域仍然存在若干“禁区”目前，国有经济、外资经济与民营经济在市场准入方面仍然存在着很大的政策差异：一是尽管有些产业领域国家没有明文规定不准民营投资经营，但由于部门或地区垄断经营的存在，民营资本往往难以进入或者充分进入；二是很多产业早已对外资开放，但对民营经济至今还没有开放。三是有些产业我国在加入WTO的谈判中已承诺将按期对外开放，但没有明确是否也对乃至首先对民营经济开放。目前，民营经济在将近３０个产业领域存在着不同程度的“限进”情况，尤其在基础设施、大型…     

城市“新失业群体”

他们没有国有或集体企业工作经历,大学、高中、初中甚至更低学历毕业或肄业后加入到失业行列,他们被劳动学研究专家和社会学家们称为“新失业群体”。     

A New Look at the Public Wage Premium in Italy: The Role of Schooling Endogeneity

This paper uses a sample of male workers to estimate public and private wage structures and the public wage premium for Italy. Results from a model with endogenous sector and schooling suggest that public employees have on average lower unobserved wage potentials in both sectors than private employees, but work in the sector where they benefit from a comparative wage advantage. Schooling is positively correlated with wages in both sectors, and controlling for that is crucial to get more reliable estimates and predictions. The associated average unconditional public wage premium is 12 per cent. The net premium is 9 per cent, but not statistically significant.     

Labour Policy and Determinants of Employment and Wages in a Developing Economy with Labour Shortage

Using data from a sample of 1,099 workers, this paper investigates the determinants of employment and wages for workers in the United Arab Emirates. The paper further examines the wage distribution and the decomposition of the wage gap between the public and the private sectors. Results of the study are consistent with the dual labour market theory and indicate that the labour market in the United Arab Emirates is segmented based on sectors (public versus private) and types of workers (nationals versus non‐nationals). The study concludes with a discussion of the implication of these findings for the effectiveness of labour and economic policy.     

Why Do People from Southern Italy Seek Jobs in the Public Sector?

This paper analyses the choice open to a worker seeking a job in the public and private sectors of the labour market. The private sector is identified by a steeper wage profile and by lower job security than the public sector. The reservation wage for the two sectors is calculated in the first part of the paper. The results reveal that the reservation wage for the public sector is higher than that for the private sector. The effect of career prospects, job riskiness and labour demand on optimal time allocation between the search in the two sectors is then analysed. Finally, an empirical analysis is made in order to study Italian workers’ search strategies. It highlights relevant geographical differences which can be interpreted through the theoretical results obtained in the paper.     

Macroeconomic Effects of Public‐Sector Unions

Motivated by the highly unionized public sectors, the high public shares in total employment, and the public‐sector wage premia observed in Europe, this paper examines the importance of public‐sector unions for macroeconomic theory. The model generates cyclical behavior in hours and wages that is consistent with data behavior in an economy with highly unionized public sector, namely Germany during the period 1970–2007. The union model is an improvement over a model with exogenous public employment. In addition, endogenously determined public wage and hours add to the distortionary effect of contractionary tax reforms by generating greater tax rate changes, thus producing higher welfare losses.     

Public Sector Wage Premium in Canada: Evidence from Labour Force Survey

Although previous research has pointed to a public/private sector wage gap for men and women in Canada, the extent of this gap has not been measured in recent years. Using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey for September 2008, and using an endogenous switching regression framework to control for self‐selection, I find that both men and women earn a wage premium in the public sector in Canada, although the premium is higher for women. The pure wage premium or economic rent that public sector workers receive relative to their counterparts in the private sector is $1.09, or 5.4 per cent for men and $3.15, or 20 per cent for women. An analysis of selection in the pubic/private sector reveals that public sectors workers are ‘positively selected’ on observables and consist of the ‘cream of the crop’.     

Wage Linkages Between Private and Public Sectors in Sweden

Abstract. The paper examines wage linkages between private and public sectors in Sweden by means of Granger causality tests and estimation of error correction models. Wage changes in central and local governments are Granger caused by private sector wage changes. Public sector wage increases involve error correction mechanisms; the lower the relative wage in the past, the higher the current wage increases. Increases in unemployment are associated with relative wage improvements for public sector employees.     

Worker Turnover,Capital Dispersion,and Matching

Abstract. A model acknowledging technology and wage dispersion, search frictions, and costly worker turnover is used for testing the notion of random matching. Using a linked employer–employee data set on roughly 9,000 Norwegian establishments and 200,000 jobs during the period 1989–95, I show that establishments investing more in capital, pay more, and experience lower worker turnover rate. Strictly convex turnover costs are identified. High‐wage establishments post on average less intensively than low‐wage establishments. Positive relationships between wages and posting are observed for high‐tech industries and in the capital and surroundings. Thus, the notion of random matching is generally rejected.     

Is There a Motherhood Wage Penalty in the Finnish Private Sector?

This paper investigates the effects of children on women's wages in the Finnish private sector. The paper finds evidence of the motherhood wage penalty, the penalty varying with the length of the child‐related career break. Mothers staying at home no longer than for 2 years face considerably smaller penalties than mothers spending longer periods at home. The negative wage effects of children decrease, however, quickly with time. For example, mothers who experience a career break of 2 years or less do not lag behind non‐mothers in terms of wages after the second year from the return to employment. There is also variation in the motherhood wage penalty across the wage distribution. The penalty is higher at the top of the distribution than in the middle of it, especially in the cases of prolonged child‐related career breaks.     

Public-Private Wage Differentials in French-Speaking Africa: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract. In the framework of structural adjustment programs implemented in Africa, the idea that wages in the public sector are too high compared to those of the private sector is partly based on wage policies with regard to the public sector. But the existence of public-wage differentials, inducing a labour market segmentation within the modern sector, has rarely been the object of attentive examination. With the help of earnings functions, based on homogeneous cross-section and logitudinal data of seven capitals of French-speaking Africa, the author plans to verify this hypothesis. The main conclusion of this research is that distortions on the modern labour market of many African countries are less important than one may think. In most of the countries considered, public-private wage gaps are essentially attributable to characteristics of individuals. This suggests that policies aiming to reduce wages of the public sector are no longer justifiable, economically and socially.