基于集体主义情境的变革型领导、组织承诺与离职倾向研究

在构建变革型领导对离职倾向影响的中介模型,以及分析水平-垂直集体主义背景下组织承诺中介作用的基础上,对东北和华北地区10家企业的202名管理者和员工进行问卷调查,采用层次回归等方法进行研究分析。结果表明,组织承诺在变革型领导和离职倾向之间起部分中介作用,不同集体主义背景影响变革型领导对离职倾向的作用路径;在水平集体主义背景下,持续承诺中介了变革型领导对离职倾向的影响;在垂直集体主义背景下,情感承诺和规范承诺中介了变革型领导对离职倾向的作用路径。鉴于此,组织需要根据员工集体主义导向的差异,通过采用不同的激励措施以提高员工的组织承诺,降低离职倾向。     

基于组织支持感的我国高新技术企业研发人员离职倾向研究

在中国文化背景下,以我国高新技术企业的研发人员为研究对象,对员工组织支持感与离职倾向的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:我国高新技术企业研发人员所体验到的组织支持感会影响其离职倾向。     

员工组织内信任对其工作态度的影响

通过对928名被试的调查,探讨了员工对上级和组织的信任对其工作态度（包括工作满意度、组织承诺和离职倾向）的影响。结果表明,员工对直接上级和对组织的信任对员工的组织承诺和工作满意度有积极的影响,而对员工的离职倾向有负的影响,并且员工对组织信任对组织承诺和工作满意度的影响通过员工对上级的信任部分中介。而员工对组织信任对离职倾向的影响通过员工对组织的信任完全中介。该研究结果进一步充实了中国背景下员工组织内信任的理论研究。     

知识型员工职业召唤、职业承诺与工作态度关系研究

对中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度、离职意愿等工作态度的影响以及职业承诺在职业召唤与上述工作态度的中介作用进行实证检验。基于自我决定理论和已有关于召唤的相关研究结论,提出职业召唤-职业承诺-工作态度的关系假设模型,并以981位国有、民营及外(合)资企业的知识型员工作为研究对象,通过结构方程建模进行实证检验。研究结果表明,中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度和离职意愿均有显著正向影响,职业承诺完全中介职业召唤与工作满意度和离职意愿的关系,部分中介职业召唤与组织承诺的关系。在中国情景下验证西方关于职业召唤的研究结论,结果表明职业召唤的培养对企业知识型员工的职业承诺、组织承诺和工作满意度均具有十分重要的作用,为职业召唤理论在中国情景下的验证和完善以及知识型员工的管理理论和企业实践提供新的视角。     

基于跨层次被调节中介模型的新生代员工期望差距与离职意向研究

基于复合时空背景下28家企业的495名新生代员工和438名非新生代员工的调查问卷,考察新生代员工的期望差距对其离职意向的影响机制、职业承诺的中介作用以及环境自由的跨层调节作用,并运用多层次线性模型对跨层数据进行统计分析。研究结果表明:期望差距是“80后”和“90后”新生代员工离职意向的重要前因变量;职业承诺在“90后”新生代员工的期望差距与其离职意向之间起着部分中介作用,但是在“80后”新生代员工期望差距(现实工作与自我工作)与离职意向之间的中介作用不明显;组织环境自由对“90后”新生代员工的期望差距与离职意向的关系之间起到负向跨层调节作用,但在“80后”新生代员工的期望差距与离职意向的关系之间没有起到负向调节作用。     

不同组织机构员工组织承诺度比较的实证研究——以昆明市的政府机关、事业单位、国有企业、民营企业为例

一、引言组织承诺(Organizational Commitment)又名为组织忠诚或员工忠诚,是反映员工与组织之间关系的一个重要指标,是预测员工工作参与、工作投入、工作绩效、缺勤与离职倾向的一个重要变量。因此,员工对组织承诺的高低是组织能否获取竞争优势的关键。     

支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进:情感倾向的调节作用

基于组织支持理论和资源保存理论,构建了支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进模型,通过对40家制造业企业员工的问卷调查,采用多元调节回归的方法进行统计分析。研究结果表明,支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进对员工组织情感承诺、工作满意度和离职意向有显著影响;情感倾向对支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进与结果变量之间的关系有调节作用。当个体的情感倾向处于积极时,由组织支持资源带来的工作-家庭促进会显著提高员工的工作满意度、组织情感承诺,降低离职意向。     

企业员工文化匹配、组织承诺和工作绩效的关系研究

员工的工作绩效构成企业的组织绩效的微观基础,研究工作绩效与其他组织变量之间的关系,可为提高员工工作绩效提供新的思路和方法.在探讨个人-企业文化匹配与工作绩效关系的基础上,发现了组织承诺是文化匹配影响工作绩效的中介变量,构建了个人-企业文化匹配通过组织承诺影响工作绩效的关系模型,从文化匹配的角度提出了改进工作绩效的建议.     

雇佣契约对心理契约破坏影响的实证研究

以中国某国有银行支行222名员工为样本,应用结构方程模型和分步骤多元回归等统计分析方法,研究雇佣契约对员工心理契约破坏反应的影响,即心理契约破坏与员工工作态度(工作满意度和离职倾向)间关系中雇佣契约(雇佣契约类型和持续承诺)具有的调节作用.实证结果表明,企业心理契约破坏与员工工作满意度负相关,与离职倾向正相关;雇佣契约类型调节心理契约破坏与员工工作满意度间关系,即与长期雇员相比,短期雇员工作满意度水平的变化程度更大,雇佣契约类型对心理契约破坏与离职倾向间关系不具有调节作用;持续承诺弱化了心理契约破坏与工作满意度、离职倾向间的关系,即与持续承诺低的员工相比,持续承诺高的员工对心理契约破坏的反应更为平和.     

支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进:情感倾向的调节作用

随着社会的进步与发展,许多女性从家庭走向职场,男人们也开始承担起家庭责任。工作和家庭彼此依赖,彼此促进的关系逐渐增强,大部分人们不得不既承担工作又承担家庭生活多重角色。在这种情况下,许多组织行为学以及人力资源管理领域学者开始将研究视角转向工作和家庭生活的相互促进,相互作用领域,开展工作-家庭关系的研究。支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进对员工组织情感承诺、工作满意度和离职意向均有显著影响;情感倾向对支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进也有着不可或缺的调节作用。当个体情感倾向处于积极态度时时,会有组织支持资源带来的工作-家庭促进会明显提高员工的工作满意度、组织情感承诺或降低离职意向。     

劳动关系氛围和员工工作满意度:组织承诺的调节作用

本文从组织行为层次探讨劳动关系氛围与员工态度之间的关系。基于60家企业1607名员工的问卷调查,本文探讨了劳资双赢、劳资对立和员工参与三种劳动关系氛围对员工内在和外在满意度的直接影响,以及员工组织承诺在上述关系中的调节作用。研究发现,劳资双赢氛围显著地提升员工的内在和外在满意度,劳资对立氛围显著地降低员工的内在和外在满意度,员工参与氛围仅能显著提升员工的内在工作满意度。同时,员工组织承诺中的情感承诺能显著增强劳资双赢氛围对内在和外在工作满意度的积极影响,但仅能显著降低劳资对立氛围对内在工作满意度的消极影响,而对员工参与氛围的影响不具有调节作用。此外,研究还发现交易承诺不存在调节效果。     

Economic crisis and the employee: The effects of economic crisis on employee job satisfaction,commitment, and self-regulation

Greece has been suffering a severe crisis starting in about 2009. This paper examines the impact of the recent economic crisis in Greece on employee work-related attitudes via changes in regulatory focus. We collected data in a large and heterogeneous sample of employees (N = 1024) during the crisis and compared them with a matched sample of employees surveyed (N = 882) half a decade earlier, i.e., before the crisis. Participants reported their job satisfaction, organizational commitment and their self-regulatory focus. Results show, as expected, that participants after start of the crisis were lower in extrinsic job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment and were also (unexpectedly) lower in normative commitment, while these attitudinal changes were explained by decreased promotion orientation and increased prevention focus. Rather unexpectedly, pre-crisis and crisis samples did not differ in levels of continuance commitment. This paper makes a relevant contribution by showing that the threatening crisis event does not only have negative effects on work-related outcomes, but also that changes in regulatory foci occur and explain attitudinal change indicating an adaptive mechanism to the threatening situation of an economic crisis.     

The availability of personal and external coping resources: Thier impact on job stress and employee attitudes during organizational restructuring

This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions.     

Personality and organizational health: the role of conscientiousness

Organizational health research identifies processes through which the work environment and individual differences combine to influence both individual and organizational outcomes. This study investigated the contribution of conscientiousness to organizational health. Research in the areas of occupational stress, work performance, and organizational climate was used to develop a framework for integrating different elements of organizational health. Within this framework, the work environment was assessed by perceptions of workload and role clarity ; individual well-being was assessed by psychological distress and job satisfaction ; and behaviour important for organizational success was assessed by contextual performance. Conscientiousness was investigated within the framework using self-reports from a sample of 104 Australian employees. Conscientiousness directly influenced contextual performance but did not influence well-being or perceptions of the work environment. Conscientiousness also reduced the impact of role clarity on both psychological distress and job satisfaction. The role of conscientiousness in a comprehensive model of organizational health is discussed.     

Organizational disidentification and change-oriented citizenship behavior

This study proposes that the extent to which employees have disidentified with their organization might reduce the likelihood that they undertake change-oriented citizenship behavior, though this negative link might be buffered by employees’ access to two personal resources (self-enhancement motive and benevolence) and two contextual resources (citizenship climate and job involvement). To test these theoretical predictions, the study gathers survey data from employees in the telecommunications sector in Canada. The results show that prior organizational disidentification curtails voluntary efforts to improve current organizational practices, but this effect is weaker when employees (1) find it important to make a good impression on others, (2) are benevolent toward others, (3) perceive that their organization encourages voluntary efforts, and (4) are highly involved with their jobs. These four factors accordingly diminish the risk that the extent to which employees have cognitively separated from their employer escalates into a reluctance to add to organizational effectiveness on a voluntary basis.     

Employee strain and job satisfaction related to an implementation of quality in a public service organization: a longitudinal study

To date, few studies have focused on employee reactions to the quality-related aspects of the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on employee strain and satisfaction of the implementation NPM in a public service organization. The study was designed as an empirical examination of the 'context-dependent approach' ( Edwards, Collinson, & Rees, 1998 ). This approach suggests that effects of an organizational change depend on the context of the implementation, i.e. organizational aspects (implementation strategies), job content and job context dimensions. They employed a single-case longitudinal design. The case was a large municipal service unit responsible for the public housing system of a city in Austria. The sample consisted of 217 employees. Measurements were taken before the organizational change, and at two different times during the change process. While the implementation of NPM can be considered to have been an organizational success (increase in customer satisfaction), it was accompanied by increases in job strain, and, at the same time, mixed results in job satisfaction. Less qualified employees mainly responsible for the customer interface experienced the organizational change most negatively. Using structural equation modelling, the context-dependent approach was empirically confirmed. Job control, role clarity and information were found to be the most important job and organizational resources.     

Employee strain and job satisfaction related to an implementation of quality in a public service organization: A longitudinal study

To date, few studies have focused on employee reactions to the quality-related aspects of the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on employee strain and satisfaction of the implementation NPM in a public service organization. The study was designed as an empirical examination of the 'context-dependent approach' ( Edwards, Collinson, & Rees, 1998 ). This approach suggests that effects of an organizational change depend on the context of the implementation, i.e. organizational aspects (implementation strategies), job content and job context dimensions. They employed a single-case longitudinal design. The case was a large municipal service unit responsible for the public housing system of a city in Austria. The sample consisted of 217 employees. Measurements were taken before the organizational change, and at two different times during the change process. While the implementation of NPM can be considered to have been an organizational success (increase in customer satisfaction), it was accompanied by increases in job strain, and, at the same time, mixed results in job satisfaction. Less qualified employees mainly responsible for the customer interface experienced the organizational change most negatively. Using structural equation modelling, the context-dependent approach was empirically confirmed. Job control, role clarity and information were found to be the most important job and organizational resources.     

旅游企业员工服务导向意识的前置因素与后果研究

作者在27个宾馆、餐馆、旅行社进行了一次实证研究,探讨服务导向概念的组成成分与员工服务导向的影响因素和作用。数据分析结果表明,营销导向、情感密集和负责精神是服务导向概念的组成成分,企业的支持、员工的心理受权和工作满意感都是影响员工的服务导向的重要因素,员工的服务导向意识对员工工作行为和旅游企业的外部效率有直接或间接的影响。     

权力距离导向与员工建言:组织地位感知的影响

员工建言对于组织运营和发展的作用是不言而喻的,然而在中国情境下往往事与愿违,员工常常会选择知而不言。采用问卷调查方式收集81名团队领导与其467名下属的配对样本,运用多层线性模型方法,从文化价值观的视角探讨中国情境下不同层级个体的权力距离导向对员工建言的效应以及领导组织地位感知和员工组织地位感知在其中的调节效应。统计分析结果表明,领导权力距离导向和员工权力距离导向对员工建言行为都具有显著的负向预测作用,领导组织地位感知显著调节领导权力距离导向与员工建言间的关系,员工组织地位感知显著调节员工权力距离导向与员工建言间的关系。研究结果有助于理解中国情境下员工建言的影响因素和边界条件,对于改变这种现状、实现组织的有效管理具有重要的现实意义。     

Organizational identification and workplace behavior: More than meets the eye

Organizational identification is a theoretically profound and practically important construct. It fundamentally transforms the relationship between employees and their work organizations, because highly identified employees integrate their organizational memberships with their sense of who they are. This transformation enhances highly identified employees’ work performance and contributions to the organization. However, despite considerable research on the benefits of organizational identification for employee behavior, theorizing about this effect and its underlying mechanisms remains underdeveloped. In particular, there has not been sufficient theoretical development regarding the specific types of work behaviors that follow from organizational identification, the psychological mechanisms that underlie these behavioral consequences, or observers’ evaluations of these behaviors and those enacting them. To address these issues, we present a framework of the behavioral consequences of organizational identification as well as observers’ reactions to them. Our framework highlights two distinct motivational orientations that underlie organizational identification, one that reliably leads to conformist work behaviors and one that may lead to deviant work behaviors that violate the status quo to advance organizational interests. Moreover, our framework highlights that reactions to these behaviors will differ depending on the organization’s emphasis on means versus ends. Overall, we emphasize that the benefits of organizational identification for work behavior are not as straightforward or as widely recognized as implied in prior research.