中国情境下的战略复杂性驱动因素研究:管理者认知视角的分析

从认知视角考察了管理者感知的环境特征及设定的战略导向对不同战略复杂性形成的驱动作用.结果表明:在中国情境下,当管理者感知环境复杂性程度较高时,客户战略复杂性和竞争战略复杂性会提高;当管理者感知到环境动态性较高时,竞争战略复杂性会提高;当管理者设定前瞻者战略导向或分析者战略导向时,客户战略复杂性和竞争战略复杂性会提高;当管理者设定了防御者战略导向或反应者战略导向时,客户战略复杂性有可能降低,但对竞争战略复杂性影响不大.该结论验证了当前转型经济背景下的企业战略复杂性的驱动因素,为探讨战略复杂性产生的研究提供了理论补充和实践指导.     

组织的环境适应性及生存战略--基于知识供应链的分析

在经济生态系统中,由于组织学习能力的不同,企业具有对环境的不同适应性.本文构建了从个体知识到组织知识的组织知识供应链模型,根据知识供应过程,本文区分了组织的静态适应性、动态适应性以及临界适应性三种不同适应性,在此基础上,我们总结了企业的三种生存战略,它们是产品中心战略、能力中心战略以及组织学习战略.     

组织环境与组织战略关系的文献综述及最新研究动态

<正>(一)引言组织环境与组织战略之间的关系如何?战略是完全受制于环境还是在某种程度上能影响环境?这些问题始终占据着组织和管理研究的焦点位置,由此提出的环境—战略—绩效研究范式也成为战略管理领域最为经典的研究框架。围绕着环境与战略对绩效的影响程度究竟是环境的选择性为主导还是战略的主动适应性为主导的争议诞生了众多的管理理论流派,根据对这一问题的不同看法,我们可以将战略管理学派分成3组:第一组强调环境对战略的决定作用;第二组看重战略对环境的影响作用;第三组可以认为是前面观点的综合,它代表了目前最新的研究方向,即认为环境与战略之间不是单向地决定关系,而是存在双向复杂的协同演进关系(Levin&Volber-da,1999)。本文将依据此分类来进行文献回顾,并重点介绍有关环境与战略协同演进的前沿研究方法及成果。     

价值与风险感知对好评返现行为影响的演化分析

为探究C2C平台在线评论中好评返现行为的演化机制，将前景理论和风险感知因素引入演化博弈过程，构建了有别于传统收益矩阵的收益感知矩阵，以更好地刻画奖惩机制设置下买家和商家行为决策的动态演化过程。从前景理论和风险感知的视角诠释最优演化结果难以实现的原因，通过仿真收益和价值感知等不同参数对演化结果的影响，有针对性的提出治理好评返现的措施。研究结果表明：决策者的认知偏差、乐观偏见、确定和反射效应将使系统难收敛于最优演化稳定点；提高决策者对"收益"和"损失"的价值感知及损失规避程度有助于系统演化至最优结果；当博弈双方的初始选择概率，买方的客观差评收益、道德成本、公共利益感知和卖方的好评返现运营成本、抢占市场收益等参数围绕阈值变动时能够改变策略的演化倾向和稳定性。     

文化背景对顾客感知服务质量的影响

顾客满意度和服务质量是决定企业占有市场份额和获取利润的两个重要因素。顾客对服务质量的感知与期望的比较,决定他们是否满意。当顾客感知服务质量超出期望时,他们满意甚至惊喜;反之,当他们感知服务质量低于期望时,则会不满意。而顾客对感知服务质量的评估会受其文化背景所决定的价值观和思维方式的影响,文化是他们评估感知服务质量的过滤镜。     

传统企业数字化转型战略的类型识别与转型模式选择研究

数字化转型战略和转型模式的选择,是企业数字化转型研究的核心问题.但传统企业的数字化转型实践却不容乐观,如何选择数字化转型战略和数字化转型模式仍然是传统企业数字化转型实践和理论研究中悬而未决的重要难题.本文创新性地识别出传统企业数字化转型的不同战略类型,并从战略与模式匹配的视角分析了企业数字化转型战略与转型模式的选择问题.具体而言,本文率先从数字化资源投入和组织适应性两个关键维度将企业的数字化转型战略划分为变革依赖型、生态导向型、业务主导型和技术主导型四种转型战略;在此基础上,本文又提出了传统企业数字化转型战略与转型模式匹配的过程模型,以期对传统企业数字化转型实践提供有价值的洞见与指引.     

基于平衡计分卡的CRM有效性评价模型研究

客户关系管理(CRM)是二十一世纪的主导战略之一.由于CRM的复杂性,目前对CRM有效性评价的研究还很少.考虑到平衡计分卡(BSC)的优点,本文建立了一个基于BSC的CRM有效性评价模型,该模型包含四个视角:客户知识、客户交互、客户价值、客户感知价值.通过对四个视角的作用分析,构造了四个视角的评价矩阵,并通过一个案例研究验证了该模型的可行性和有效性.     

风险可评估性对风险感知的影响——基于在校大学生就业风险的实证研究

本文旨在研究风险可评估性对决策者主观风险感知过程和结果影响的机制。根据风险即感觉假说和情绪启发式模型,构建了风险可评估性、分析型风险、感觉型风险和总体感知风险之间的结构方程模型。针对在校大学生对就业风险感知的实证研究表明:(1)决策者的总体感知风险中包括了相对理性的分析型风险和相对感性的感觉型风险。(2)风险可评估性会影响决策者的风险感知:风险可评估性和分析型风险与感觉型风险结果之间都存在着显著的负相关关系;风险可评估性的提高会降低感觉型风险结果与决策者总体感知风险之间的联系。基于这些结论,本文对如何影响决策者的感知风险提出了建议,并指出了进一步的研究方向。     

目标取向和过时感知能力对两类销售行为的影响

销售努力和适应性销售是两类最基本的销售行为,探寻这两种销售行为的决定因素是销售管理领域的热点研究问题.基于教育心理学和销售力管理的相关研究成果,探讨3种目标取向与两类消费行为的关系,并通过引入过时这一概念,探究不同目标取向导致不同程度的销售努力和适应性销售的内在机理.通过对9家公司160名销售人员的问卷调查,运用结构方程模型,考察销售人员的不同目标取向与销售行为和销售力过时感知能力以及销售力过时感知能力与销售行为的关系,并重点检验销售力过时感知能力对目标取向与销售行为关系的中介效应.实证研究结果表明,目标取向对销售力过时感知能力和销售行为均有显著影响,销售力过时感知能力也会显著影响销售行为,销售力过时感知能力在目标取向与销售行为的关系中起到一定的中介作用.     

国际化感知风险与适应性营销策略——基于全球营销理论的权变观点

将感知风险的概念从消费者行为研究领域引入国际化风险研究,以全球营销的适应性理论为前提,研究了国际化感知风险与适应性营销策略的权变关系.通过对问卷进行因子分析,总结出了与营销策略相关的10类国际化风险,然后利用聚类分析探索针对不同感知风险的营销策略选择倾向.     

Environmental Factors,Managerial Processes,and Information Technology Investment Strategies

Although significant research attention has been directed at understanding the value of information technology (IT) investments for firms, very little attention has been paid to understand the IT investment behavior of firms. This article seeks to fill this void. We introduce the concept of IT investment strategy, defined by dimensions of intensity and proactiveness, to characterize the IT investment behavior of firms. Synthesizing the environmental deterministic and strategic choice perspectives of a firm's strategic decision making, we examine the effects of environmental factors, managerial processes, and the interplay between them on IT investment strategy. Specifically, we examine the impact of environmental factors such as industry clockspeed and information intensity on IT investment strategy. We also incorporate the strategic choice perspective to argue that managerial processes such as frequent chief executive officer—chief information officer communications and collective information systems planning play a critical role in shaping the firm's IT investment strategy. The empirical results show that the environmental variables are related to IT investment strategy. Besides, managerial processes serve as a means to understand the environment and thus moderate the relationships between the environmental variables and the various facets of IT investment strategy. The conceptualization of IT investment strategy and the focus on both environmental determinism and strategic choice should enrich our understanding of firms’ IT investing behavior.     

Aligning operations,marketing, and competitive strategies to enhance performance: An empirical test in the retail banking industry

The close linkage between competitive strategy and functional strategic activities is asserted to be a precondition to the achievement of optimal business performance. This study explores how the relationship between (and among) operations, marketing, and competitive strategies affects organizational performance in the banking industry. Our findings show that: (a) competitive strategy moderates the relationship between operations and marketing strategic activities, and organizational performance, (b) certain integrated strategic decisions of operations and marketing functions have a significant impact on organizational performance, and (c) the performance of retail banks within a strategic group differs depending on the quality of the strategic fit.     

Integrating the Content and Process of Strategic MIS Planning with Competitive Strategy*

This paper presents a framework that links strategic MIS planning and business strategy and relates it to competitive advantage and company performance. To achieve this objective, the paper first delineates the dimensions of strategic MIS planning, focusing on both content and process issues. The notion of fit within dimensions, between sets of dimensions (process and content), and between MIS planning and competitive strategy is also introduced. Next, employing the Miles-Snow typology of business strategy, the paper posits normative differences in the dimensions of strategic MIS planning along different business (or competitive) strategies. The implications of our study for both decision makers and scholars are discussed. Propositions that tie competitive strategy, strategic MIS planning, and company financial performance are then presented. The paper concludes by providing direction for future research.     

战略和愿景提升中小企业创新能力机制研究

本文首先根据企业调研和问卷分析的结果,对阻碍中小企业创新能力提升的内在原因进行了分析,发现创新过程中的战略不协调是阻碍中小企业创新的重要内因.接着,本文对创新能力内涵和影响创新能力的战略因素方面进行了文献综述.然后采用文献研究和案例研究结合的方法,对前人的理论进行了分析总结,将昆药、海尔等案例进行了分析,提出通过战略和愿景提升中小企业创新能力的三条机制:一,清晰的在组织层面上共享的愿景通过指引创新资源配置方向来实现创新能力的提升;二,战略和组织结构的协调通过影响创新资源的配置和组织学习的方式来影响核,心能力的构建;三,战略和文化的协调通过影响组织学习的方式来影响核心能力的形成和积累.最后,本文针对中小企业创新中普遍存在的问题,提出了一些建议.     

新兴国家企业选择专业化战略的情境识别及机制探讨--基于深圳企业的多案例研究

已有研究将发达国家高比例的企业专业化归因于其长期发展形成的强制度环境,那么,弱制度环境下的新兴国家如何推动企业采取专业化发展方式?现实中,中国一些地区(如深圳、广州)已表现出明显的专业化倾向,原因在哪?文章基于环境依赖视角探讨新兴国家的企业专业化问题,通过对深圳的三家专业化企业进行多案例研究,旨在识别该地区影响企业采取专业化发展方式的情境框架,并分析具体的影响机制。研究发现:(1)识别了支持型营商环境、高度市场化、敏捷供应链构成的企业战略选择情境框架。受到改革开放政策、内地庞大市场容量、近港区位优势和全价值链分工等外力作用,以及营商环境、市场环境、供应链之间相互作用内生关系影响,形成了螺旋演进式的情境正向优化模型。(2)外部情境会引致企业固化甚至暂时锁定在专业化战略上。支持型营商环境产生资源集聚效应,高度市场化引导行业分工出现,敏捷供应链形成专业化固化效应。研究解释了新兴国家为何会出现专业化比例提高现象,从情境构建角度拓展了企业战略选择的环境依赖理论,对新兴国家的产业政策调整和企业战略选择实践具有指导意义。     

企业战略、人力资源管理系统与企业绩效的关系研究

有关战略人力资源管理的研究认为,企业通过人力资源实践活动之间的契合,及它们与企业目标之间的契合,可以获得高附加值、稀缺性、难以模仿和不可替代的竞争优势。本研究采用形态理论的方法探讨人力资源管理实践组合与企业战略之间的最佳契合模式.研究发现,不仅企业战略对人力资源实践组合有显著影响,而且人力资源管理系统与企业战略的交互作用对企业利润和销售额增长率也有显著影响。本研究的结论在一定程度上支持了人力资源管理系统与企业战略的交互作用有助于提升企业绩效的观点。     

Response strategy to environment context factors using a lean and agile approach: Implications for firm performance

Based on the environment-strategy performance perspective and dynamic capabilities framework, we develop a theoretical model and hypotheses specifying how supply chain collaboration as a response to environment context factors – competitive intensity, supply uncertainty, technological turbulence and market turbulence, using a lean and agile strategy may influence firm performance. We test the model using partial least square structural equation modelling on data collected from a field survey with responses from 152 manufacturing firms representing a variety of industries. Empirical findings generally support the relationship between collaboration and firm performance using a lean and agile strategy. Also, for firms in industries that face environments characterised by high supply uncertainty and competitive intensity with, technological turbulence, the study finds evidence of a direct relationship between these environmental factors and supply chain collaboration. The findings provide an initial strategic response framework for appropriately aligning a lean and agile supply chain strategy through collaboration with environment context factors to achieve firm performance improvements.     

Fit in strategic information technology management research: an empirical comparison of perspectives

The impacts of information technology on business performance has been a focus of research in recent years. In this regard, contingency models based on the notion of “fit” between the organization's management of IT, its environment, strategy, and structure seem to show promise. Six perspectives are examined as they pertain to the relationships between the firm's environmental uncertainty, its strategic orientation, its structure, its strategic management of IT, and its performance, namely moderation, mediation and matching as bivariate approaches to fit, and covariation, profile deviation and gestalts as systems approaches. These relationships are analyzed by means of an empirical study of 110 small enterprises. Results obtained from applying and comparing the six perspectives illustrate their significant differences and confirm the need for conceptual and methodological rigor when applying contingency theory in strategic information technology management research.     

董事会战略参与效应及其影响因素研究

本研究从董事会职能角度考察了董事会战略参与的经济效应,并基于董事会结构探讨了董事会监督治理职能与战略服务职能间的兼容性对战略参与效应的影响。实证结果表明,董事会参与公司战略管理并没有实现预期的业绩改善,两职合一、独立董事比例对董事会战略参与效应具有正向调节作用,而董事会规模则具有负向调节效应。研究结果总体表明,董事会监督治理职能与战略服务职能具有融合的必要性和可能性,融合两种职能更有利于董事会效能的发挥。     

The importance of innovation leadership in cultivating strategic fit and enhancing firm performance

This study examines the importance of innovation leadership in cultivating the strategic fit of an organization with its environment, and enhancing various economic, relationship, and product performance outcomes. It thus explores how innovation leadership enables a firm to change and adapt to its external environment and by implication enhance its performance. The results of data collected from 117 firms show that innovation leadership, both directly and through increased strategic fit, significantly enhances firm performance. Implications for research on strategic and innovation leadership and adaptive organizational systems are discussed.