拓展基尼系数及其居民消费应用研究

本文给出了拓展基尼系数的一个等价定义,给出拓展基尼系数组群、要素分解的统一形式。对2009年我国城乡居民食品消费数据进行结构性分析,结果表明：⑴拓展基尼系数是不平等厌恶参数的增函数,最小值为0、最大值为1-S1/p1;⑵随着不平等厌恶参数的增大,各个组群或要素对不平等边际效应的方向保持相对稳定;⑶城镇居民在外餐饮、肉禽及制品、水产品类支出份额的增加,对食品消费不平等产生消极的边际影响。     

税收累进性测量方法之比较

税收累进性是评价税制公平性的重要标准,但税收累进性增加或下降的概念是模糊的,其结果完全依赖于不同的测量方法.基于此,文章将税收累进性测量方法归纳为古典累进性测量法和现代累进性测量法,并进行比较研究,理清大家对该问题的认识.     

基尼系数的区间估计及其应用

 本文给出了收入为离散分布的三种计算基尼系数的新方法。利用收入份额法导出了基尼系数协方差算法的离散形式,并因此产生了计算基尼系数的回归系数法。文章重点讨论了基尼系数进行区间估计的两种方法,这些方法也适用于集中度指数,因而它们在测度社会经济领域的不平等中具有着十分广泛的用途。实际应用表明,新算法有效地简化了对基尼系数区间估计的标准差估算。     

基于Zenga指数的不平等测度研究

Zenga指数是一种性质优良的新型不平等测度指数,在国际上有大量的理论探讨和广泛的实证应用,但在国内却没有受到足够的重视。从与基尼系数对比的视角,对该指数进行了系统的研究,探讨了Zenga指数与基尼系数间的数理联系,总结了其所满足的一系列测度特性,并基于CFPS微观调查数据,同时应用Zenga指数和基尼系数对中国居民家庭人均纯收入的不平等进行了测度对比分析。研究表明,与基尼系数相比,Zenga指数具有更多的优良特性,对低收入群体收入差距更敏感;与洛伦茨曲线相比,Zenga不平等曲线能展现关于不平等动态变化的更多细节,更适合围绕低收入群体进行不平等现状及相关政策效应分析;另外,Zenga指数独特的加和交叉分解特性可为认识不平等的结构提供更深层次的信息。     

两种不同数据类型下基尼系数与广义熵指数的求解

文章将重点介绍了微观数据与分组数据两种不同数据类型下,基尼系数与广义熵指数的计算方法.首先介绍了微观数据与分组数据的定义;接着介绍了微观数据类型下基尼系数与广义熵指数的求解;最后介绍了分组数据下基尼系数与广义熵指数的求解.     

股息红利所得税的收入再分配效应研究

 内容提要：股息红利所得税（以下简称股利所得税）是我国政府调节证券市场运行的重要政策工具。然而,在当今我国社会收入差距不断扩大的态势下,对股利所得税收入再分配效应进行深入分析,更具有重要的现实意义。本文力图从平均税率累进性和税前税后基尼系数的角度,在理论方面分析了股利所得税的收入再分配效应;在实证方面,利用中国2000—2008年城镇居民调查数据进行了实证检验。通过实证分析发现：第一,股利所得税平均税率在城镇不同收入组之间都具有累进性;第二,城镇股利所得税的税后基尼系数小于税前基尼系数,即股利所得税具有缩小收入差距的作用;第三,股利所得税的收入再分配效应因时期不同而存在差异;第四,降低股利所得税率导致股利所得税的收入再分配效应减弱。     

产业集聚测度方法适用条件考辩

针对目前产业集聚测度方法选取中的＂误用＂及＂滥用＂现象,以行业集中度、赫芬达尔指数、空间基尼系数和Ellison-Glaeser指数为例,对国内外主流的产业集聚测度方法的适用条件进行了考察与辨析,在此基础上,对产业集聚测度方法的选取原则进行了初步的思考。     

一类与洛伦兹曲线相关的不平等测度指数

文章对一类与洛伦茨曲线相关的不平等测度指数进行了较为系统的回顾与探讨,这些指数既包括基尼系数和Schutz指数等传统的不平等测度指数,也包括Bonferroni指数、De Vergottni指数和Zenga指数等国际上应用广泛但国内少见的不平等指数,并揭示了这些指数间的相互关联,总结了这些指数所满足的性质特征.     

理论基尼系数及其社会福利含义的讨论

 内容提要：尽管关于基尼系数的经验估计与研究异常丰富,但是对于基尼系数的理论含义一直缺乏严格的推导。本文试图从收入分布函数的定义出发,严格探讨基尼系数的理论含义和性质,以澄清一些关于基尼系数的误解。本文认为,最优的基尼系数值不可能从基尼系数的定义本身找到答案,必然牵涉到关于社会福利的价值判断。此外,一旦得到具体的收入分布函数,基尼系数的计算可以通过分布函数的参数估计来实现,因此本文最后给出了产生收入分布函数以及计算基尼系数的一种简单法则。     

基尼系数的一种简便计算方法——协方差公式

基尼系数是测度收入不平等的重要指标,而基尼系数常用的计算方法均比较繁琐。本文给出并证明了一种较简捷的计算方法,即基尼系数的协方差公式,该方法可以直接利用Excel等软件进行计算。利用该公式,本文对2003年和2004年中国居民收入分布的基尼系数进行了测算。     

Extended voting measures

This paper extends a number of voting measures used to quantify voting power. The extension is based on the recognition that individuals sometimes vote in coalitions. This observation gives rise to a statistical model which considers past voting patterns of subsets of eligible voters. The model is then used to obtain estimates of the probabilities of all voting combinations from which empirical measures are calculated. The calculation of the estimated probabilities may involve high-dimensional integrations. An example is given based on past decisions arising from the Supreme Court of Canada.     

关于投入产出扩展模型的探讨

在国民经济综合平衡分析中,投入产出分析方法愈来愈被广泛运用。目前运用较多的并且比较成熟的是投入产出静态模型和动态模型,然而,要完整地反映国民经济综合平衡的状况,只停留在静态模型和动态模型上显然是不够的,应当再加扩展,即建立投入产出扩展模型(以下简称扩展模型)。     

Extended linear empirical bayes estimation

In this paper, the linear empirical Bayes estimation method, which is based on approximation of the Bayes estimator by a linear function, is generalized to an extended linear empirical Bayes estimation technique which represents the Bayes estimator by a series of algebraic polynomials. The extended linear empirical Bayes estimators are elaborated in the case of a location or a scale parameter. The theory is illustrated by examples of its application to the normal distribution with a location parameter and the gamma distribution with a scale parameter. The linear and the extended linear empirical Bayes estimators are constructed in these two cases and, then, studied numerically via Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations show that the extended linear empirical Bayes estimators have better convergence rates than the traditional linear empirical Bayes estimators.     

The Harris Extended Exponential Distribution

A new lifetime distribution is proposed and studied. The Harris extended exponential is obtained from a mixture of the exponential and Harris distributions, which arises from a branching process. Several structural properties of the new distribution are discussed, including moments, generating function and order statistics. The new distribution can model data with increasing or decreasing failure rate. The shape of the hazard rate function is controlled by one of the added parameters in an uncomplicated manner. An application to a real dataset illustrates the usefulness of the new distribution.     

Corrected Estimators in Extended Quasi-Likelihood Models

This paper addresses extended quasi-likelihood models where both the mean and the dispersion parameters vary across observations in a parameterized fashion. We derive formulae for the second-order biases of the maximum quasi-likelihood estimators of all parameters in these models. The practical use of such bias corrections is illustrated in a simulation study.     

Extended tests for non-zero between-study variance

The ANOVA F-test, James tests and generalized F-test are extended to test hypotheses on the between-study variance for values greater than zero. Using simulations, we compare the performance of extended test procedures with respect to the actual attained type I error rate. Examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the procedures in ANOVA models and meta-analysis.     

一类扩展的投入产出模型

 内容提要：基于居民部门封闭的投入产出模型进行扩展,并将政府部门从最终需求列中转移出来,纳入到生产部门,列入投入产出表的第Ⅰ象限,政府部门所在的行是以货币形式表现的各部门（包括居民部门）的税收支付,政府部门所在的列是政府对各个部门的各种消费品和劳务的消费额,得到了扩展的局部闭投入产出模型,并在此模型的基础上得到了各种乘数。进一步将投资考虑进去得到动态投入产出扩展模型,使得国民经济各个生产部门、居民部门、政府部门成为一个完整的投入产出平衡体。     

Extended ANOVA and Rank Transform Procedures

The rank transform procedure is often used in the analysis of variance when observations are not consistent with normality. The data are ranked and the analysis of variance is applied to the ranked data. Often the rank residuals will be consistent with normality and a valid analysis results. Here we find that the rank transform procedure is equivalent to applying the intended analysis of variance to first order orthonormal polynomials on the rank proportions. Using higher order orthonormal polynomials extends the analysis to higher order effects, roughly detecting dispersion, skewness etc. differences between treatment ranks. Using orthonormal polynomials on the original observations yields the usual analysis of variance for the first order polynomial, and higher order extensions for subsequent polynomials. Again first order reflects location differences, while higher orders roughly detect dispersion, skewness etc. differences between the treatments.     

An Extended Binomial Distribution with Applications

Based on Skellam (Poisson difference) distribution, an extended binomial distribution is introduced as a byproduct of extending Moran's characterization of Poisson distribution to the Skellam distribution. Basic properties of the distribution are investigated. Also, estimation of the distribution parameters is obtained. Applications with real data are also described.