云制造创新生态系统知识共享激励的演化博弈分析

为了有效解决云制造创新生态系统知识共享不通畅的问题,分析不同情况下,关键因素对创新主体策略选择的影响及演化路径。基于有限理性和利益最大化原则,运用演化博弈理论,分析云制造服务集成商与供应商在知识共享激励过程中的策略选择,得出不同参数限制条件下的演化均衡策略,并对知识共享激励这一动态合作过程进行演化稳定性分析。研究表明：①云制造服务集成商的知识存量转化的收益、知识共享意愿、对供应商的信任程度、激励成本越大,云制造服务供应商的知识吸收能力越大,系统越倾向于向(不激励,参与)的路径演化;②云制造服务供应商的知识共享成本越大,系统越倾向于向(激励,不参与)的路径演化;③云制造服务供应商缴纳的罚金越大,系统越倾向于向(激励,参与)的路径演化。依据以上研究结论,提出了一些提升云制造创新生态系统知识共享绩效的对策建议,为云制造创新生态系统成员间的知识共享提供了理论指导。     

临时团队中知识共享对快速信任与绩效关系的调节作用研究

在已有文献基础上,提出临时团队的组建、快速信任、知识共享与临时团队绩效之间相关关系的理论框架,运用实证方法,研究临时团队中知识共享对快速信任与绩效关系的调节作用。设计了由临时团队组建因素量表、快速信任量表、知识共享量表、绩效量表等构成的调查问卷,用SPSS11．5对收集到的数据进行分析。分析结果表明,临时团队的组建因素分别与知识共享、快速信任呈显著正相关,临时团队的知识共享分别与快速信任、绩效呈显著正相关;知识共享具有调节作用,对临时团队的快速信任和绩效都有显著增强效果;     

The Sharing Economy Globalization Phenomenon: A Research Agenda

Sharing economy firms have been able to achieve global levels of success at an unprecedented pace. In this study, we focus specifically on internet-based firms that allow rent appropriation from temporary utilization of underutilized assets. By looking at these firms' main characteristics and the current dynamics revolving around their internationalization process, we develop a framework to guide future research drawing from a business ecosystems perspective. The business ecosystem approach is a promising theoretical lens to assess this phenomenon due to its more holistic view of multisided network effects and multiple stakeholders' participation that can vary across nations. We note that the sharing economy phenomenon has spurred worldwide adoption of platform businesses which, in turn, creates a great opportunity for future research to extend current theories by exploring why, when, and how these firms expand into new countries. We argue that further research on sharing economy firms and its interactions with different national ecosystem configurations can provide important insights to theory as well as relevant information to managers and policymakers.     

On the performance of platform-based international new ventures: The roles of non-market strategies and managerial competencies

The implications of non-market strategies have gained considerable attention in recent international business and strategy research. However, an in-depth understanding of these strategies and their underpinning mechanisms in platform-based international new ventures (INVs) remains underexplored. To close this gap, this study investigates the drivers and performance outcomes of non-market strategies embraced by internationalizing platform-based firms. We propose that non-market strategies mediate the relationship between managerial competencies and international performance. We also theorize that perceived domestic institutional voids (PDIVs) would have a full strengthening effect on the proposed model. We tested our conceptualization using a unique sample comprising 181 platform-based INVs whose headquarters are based in an institutionally precarious sub-Saharan African country-Ghana. While the results confirm most of our predictions, counterintuitively, our analysis provides no support for the moderating effect of PDIVs on the relationship between non-market strategies and international performance. Together, these findings offer important theoretical and practical implications for the IB and strategy research, especially for platform-based INVs.     

Supply risk mitigation: a multi-theoretical perspective

Due to the increasing level of supply risk, it is imperative to obtain a better understanding of the nature of risk which is a premise to developing well-grounded risk mitigation strategies. This paper examines how to mitigate supply risk enlightened by discussing the concept of risk in association of three closely related concepts which are uncertainty, variability and trust. The proposed three perspectives are supported and explained using four case studies comprising of two manufacturers based in Australia and four suppliers based in China. The study provides evidence that supply risk can be mitigated by high level of information and knowledge sharing as well as building trust, commitment and goal congruence in a buyer–supplier relationship. It offers theoretical and managerial implications.     

整合市场战略与非市场战略的战略管理模型——基于中国房地产行业的研究

随着企业非市场因素在竞争中发挥出越来越显著的作用,将非市场环境分析及战略制定纳入企业战略管理过程中,并探讨其与市场环境及战略整合的特点,成为企业战略管理研究的新方向.在对中国转型经济时期典型房地产企业的非市场战略进行案例分析的基础上,研究中国转型经济环境下典型的非市场事项管理及相应的企业非市场战略特征,并试图从战略管理的角度出发,构建企业非市场因素与传统战略规划过程的整合模式.研究的结论补充了关于市场战略与非市场战略整合的相关研究,为中国转型时期企业如何在战略管理过程中纳入非市场环境评估及相应的战略制定与实施提供了理论模型与实例支持,对企业战略管理实践有指导作用.     

Trust in management and knowledge sharing: The mediating effects of fear and knowledge documentation

Knowledge sharing within and between teams is of vital importance for organizations. The influence of interpersonal trust in general and trust in management in particular on knowledge sharing is evident. However, it is not clear how the relationship between interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing works. This study provides a better understanding of that relationship by demonstrating that fear of losing one's unique value and knowledge documentation have a mediating effect on the relationship between trust in management and knowledge sharing. Specifically, trust in management increases knowledge sharing through reducing fear of losing one's unique value and improving willingness to document knowledge. These findings have important implications at both a managerial and theoretical level. For managers, this paper emphasizes the individual's central role in the knowledge sharing process in terms of knowledge documentation and fear of losing one's unique value. On the theoretical level, this study provides empirical evidence for two mechanisms that help explain the effect of trust in management on knowledge sharing. In future research, this study could be extended to include other psychosocial phenomena that enable knowledge sharing in organizations.     

Competitive analysis for two-option online leasing problem under sharing economy

With the booming development of sharing economy, decision makers must consider the effect when making decisions with uncertain demands. In the leasing problem, people are faced with several leasing options. Participating in the shared leasing option can reduce the cost of the lessee, which makes it a good choice. This paper considers the online leasing option under sharing economy. By applying competitive analysis to the two-option online leasing problem, the optimal competitive ratios of the deterministic and randomized strategies with market interest rate are obtained, respectively. The theoretical results show that the strategies’ competitive performance is improved under sharing economy. Furthermore, numerical examples are performed to illustrate that considering the shared option has a significant influence on the two-option online leasing problem.

     

Character-Based Determinants of Trust in Leaders

Trust is a prominent determinant of effective interpersonal relationships, group process, and organizational development. However, for leaders and managers, trust building is often problematic. The aim of this article is to contribute to a growing understanding of the way in which individual managers can develop trust in organizations, particularly those defined by medium to high risk. The article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the nature of trust at work. Building on the results of an earlier study, use is made of the facet-theoretical approach to generate a definitional framework of trust, which focuses on the characteristics of the trusted person that contribute to the development of trust. Using items developed on the basis of a mapping sentence, hypotheses regarding the relations between the definitional framework and empirical observations were tested through smallest space analysis (SSA) of data collected from a sample of 398 bank and hospital employees. The results demonstrate strong support for the definitional system and show a clear association with results of prior research that identify perceptions of ability, integrity, fairness, and openness as key determinants of trust. The empirical structure clearly reflects the attitudinal nature of interpersonal trust at work and the items empirically distinguish distinct character-based components of trust.     

基于信任的供应预测信息共享策略

现实中供应不确定是比较普遍的现象，供应预测信息共享对改善供应链绩效起着重要作用。针对由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的单周期供应链，利用斯坦克尔伯格博弈方法研究信任对供应预测信息共享的影响以及回购契约对该供应链的协调作用。研究表明：零售商对制造商的信任影响供应预测信息共享效果，进而影响供应链绩效；制造商说谎的心理负效用系数越大，越倾向于说真话；回购契约可以促进制造商共享真实供应预测信息；当制造商说谎的心理负效用系数较大时，存在一个最佳的回购价格，使供应链实现完美协调。     

基于供应链收益共享契约的格子铺经营机制优化分析

格子铺经营模式已引起理论者和实践者广泛关注.针对格子铺经营模式的合作问题,在努力因素影响需求的市场环境里,基于供应链视角,通过建模与优化,分析了节点企业的决策特征与策略选择,讨论了收益共享机制对格子铺经营模式的影响,研究表明单纯的收益共享机制,无法实现格子铺经营模式的整体绩效最优(即由格主、铺主参与的供应链合作机制的协调),不能够改善格子铺合作；当对租金收取机制进行调整,使其为促销、广告投入的一定比例时,收益共享机制可以实现合作的协调,进而达到改善格子铺经营的目的.     

基于供应链收益共享契约的格子铺经营机制优化分析

格子铺经营模式已引起理论者和实践者广泛关注。针对格子铺经营模式的合作问题,在努力因素影响需求的市场环境里,基于供应链视角,通过建模与优化,分析了节点企业的决策特征与策略选择,讨论了收益共享机制对格子铺经营模式的影响,研究表明单纯的收益共享机制,无法实现格子铺经营模式的整体绩效最优(即由格主、铺主参与的供应链合作机制的协调),不能够改善格子铺合作;当对租金收取机制进行调整,使其为促销、广告投入的一定比例时,收益共享机制可以实现合作的协调,进而达到改善格子铺经营的目的。     

Strategic risk in supply chain contract design

Supply chains facing asymmetric information can either operate in a cooperative mode with information and benefit sharing or can choose a non-cooperative form of interaction and align their incentives via screening contracts. In the cooperative mode, supply chain efficiency can be achieved, but high levels of trust and trustworthiness are required. In the non-cooperative mode, the contract mechanism guarantees a second best supply chain performance, but only if all parties choose their equilibrium strategies without trembles. Experimental evidence, however, shows that both operating modes often fail due to strategic risk. Cooperation is disrupted by deceptive signals and the lack of trust, whereas non-cooperative strategies suffer from persistent out-of-equilibrium behavior. We present two means to reduce strategic risk. First, a punishment mechanism leads to a better matching of trust and trustworthiness and supports the cooperative operating mode. Second, an enforcement of self-selection supports the non-cooperative equilibrium by increasing the attractiveness of screening contracts. We find that supply chain performance can benefit from reduced strategic risk in either operating mode.     

Critical factors affecting information sharing in supply chains

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to empirically examine a comprehensive list of factors that are anticipated to affect information sharing (IS) in supply chains (SC) in the context of a landlocked developing country Nepal. A survey questionnaire was developed and data were collected from 131 supply chain participants in Nepal. Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis were conducted to examine the fitness of the proposed model and the relationships between the identified factors and information sharing. The results suggest that interaction routines and personal connection influenced both operational and strategic information sharing while organisational compatibility, incentives, project payoffs, commitment (inter-organisational), top management commitment and supply network configuration affected operational IS and government support and monitoring were associated with strategic IS. The paper provides empirical evidence on how information sharing is affected in the context of a landlocked developing country. The paper also identifies and discusses the similarities and differences in the importance of these factors on information sharing between developed and developing countries. The main limitation is the moderate sample size as compared to the large number of variables contained in the study which may have limited the use of analytical tools. The study provides a better understanding of information sharing behaviours of supply chain participants in Nepal which will help firms to develop strategies accordingly to enhance information sharing.     

Consumer trust repair: A critical literature review

Consumers are fundamental to organisational functioning and survival. Their loyalty, commitment, product acceptance and good long-term relationships with firms and brands are underpinned by their trust. Unfortunately, over the last decade or so, we have witnessed some of the more spectacular violations of consumer trust in the history of business. This has led to negative consequences, such as loss of competitive advantage, rage, lack of commitment and decrease in turnover. Consequently, study of trust repair has become an important theoretical concern for a growing number of trust scholars. This article reviews and synthesises existing theory and research on the topic. It first sketches general characteristics of the consumer trust repair literature, including its meta-theoretical underpinning. It then identifies specific strategies associated with consumer trust repair and synthesises them into five categories of trust repair strategies. In addition, this paper highlights theoretical processes that explain why/how trust repair strategies work. Third, the paper proposes six fruitful avenues for future research. This study contributes to the field of consumer trust repair research by critically reviewing and synthesising emerging theory and research on strategies associated with consumer trust repair, by showing why and how these strategies work and by identifying most fruitful research areas.     

A causal model for supply chain partner’s commitment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations of information, organisation and environment on the supply chain partner’s commitment using data from the auto parts industries listed in the Taiwan External Trade Development Council. Low levels of environmental uncertainty within the context of supply chain relationships with higher levels of intraorganisational facilitators and interorganisational relationships will have influence on the level of information sharing, quality and availability. As expected, it was found that there is a positive relationship between the level of information sharing, quality and availability, and the level of trust. Additionally, it was also found that there is a positive relationship between levels of trust and commitment in supply chain relationships.     

消费者品牌信任机制建立及影响因素的实证研究

诚信危机是现代企业面临的严峻问题,而营销领域关于消费者对品牌信任建立的理论与实证研究还很匮乏。笔者在访谈和文献基础上,将相关领域的机制性研究与前因性研究两种方法相结合,提出了消费者品牌信任建立的三种机制(经验机制、计算机制和转移机制),并探查出能够反映每种机制的五个变量(感知质量、顾客满意、感知风险、经济价值和品牌声誉)。通过在化妆品行业收集的数据,使用结构方程模型分析,结果表明,经验机制和计算机制对建立品牌信任起作用,其中经验机制的作用最大。     

审计师关注客户所在地区社会信任水平吗? ——基于Pecking Order模型的研究

文章利用CGSS调查数据度量客户所在地区的社会信任水平,进而考察其对审计师决策的影响。文章首先分别考察了社会信任水平与审计定价、出具非标审计意见的倾向、审计师变更之间的关系,结果发现,公司所在地区的社会信任水平与审计定价、审计师变更均呈显著负向关系,表明审计师会对位于高社会信任地区的客户收取更低的审计费用、审计契约更为稳定,但社会信任与审计师出具非标意见的倾向之间没有显著关联。有序Logistic检验结果表明,在审计定价和审计师变更决策之间,审计师存在优先选择次序:对于低社会信任地区客户,他们会优先通过提高审计收费的手段来控制相关风险。只有在风险超出其承受力、不能通过提高审计费用来控制时,才会放弃客户。此外,文章还发现,地区法治水平能够缓解社会信任对审计师决策的影响。这一研究有助于加深社会信任与审计师决策之间关系的理解,并有助于理解审计师的风险管理策略。     

IT外包中企业绩效的影响因素实证研究

在已有文献的基础上,识别了关系治理的三个维度：良好冲突处理、相互依赖和关系规范,并从关系治理角度出发,构建了IT外包企业绩效影响因素的概念模型。通过对北京、上海和西安三地20多家外包企业进行问卷调查,利用结构方程模型进行实证分析。实证结果表明：信任、承诺和知识共享对企业绩效有显著的正向影响,其中信任和承诺对企业绩效的影响既有直接的影响又有间接的影响,知识共享对企业绩效有直接的影响;信任、承诺和知识共享具有很强的中介作用,良好冲突处理和相互依赖以信任、承诺和知识共享为中间变量间接影响企业绩效,关系规范以承诺和知识共享为中间变量间接影响企业绩效。