加速土地使用制度改革进程

近年来，我省的土地使用制度改革工作，由试点总结、阶段性作战转入到持续推进、实质性突破的新阶段。新一轮土地使用制度改革工作的指导思想是：以马克思主义地租理论、江泽民总书记“三个代表”的重要思想、中央和全省人口资源环境工作座谈会精神为指导，以服务、发展为主题，以培育完善土地市场为主线，以有偿使用、管理创新为动力，采取强有力措施深化土地使用制度改革。主要目标是：政府实行高度垄断，强化土地拍卖出让。     

土地制度与中国的发展

地区竞争被认为是解释中国经济高速增长的关键变量,地区竞争主要表现在县级层面,因为县拥有土地的实际控制权。县际竞争主要是招商引资,用以招商引资的主要资源是土地。可是,中国土地是国家所有,政府对于土地的拥有毕竟不同于地主     

不可逆转的土地制度改革

现在有好多反对的声音,认为会扰乱整个市场。我觉得这是停留在现有的管理认识上,管理能跟上的话完全有能力做好。共产党执政60多年,这种管理能力完全是有的。所以说,不能拿滞后的管理使得制度也是滞后的。     

论我国土地制度改革下的地票制度

随着我国城市化进程加速，如何缓解城市建设紧张的局面，切实保障农民的利益就成了当务之急。为了更好的解决这两个问题，2008年12月4日，在国家政策的大力支持下，重庆市成立农村土地交易所，伴随着农村土地交易所的诞生，中国第一张“地票”落槌定音，在全国首创了地票交易制度。截止2010年10月，重庆农村土地交易所共进行了17场地票交易，已交易地票29720亩，成交总金额36.07亿元，最高每亩价格达到了20万元。地票作为一个新生事物，是在现有的土地管理体制内的创新，具有重大的实践和理论价值，对于我国未来土地制改革，建立成熟地权，具有重要的启示。     

越南土地制度的变迁、现状及展望

1．统一至革新开放期间（1975～1985）1975年,越南实现南北统一,国家允许私人拥有土地,保障农民和国内资本家的土地所有权。1980年,越南修改宪法,规定土地归全民所有,实行土地国有化。     

基于土地制度改革的农村居民财产性收入增收研究

土地制度的缺陷与相关制度的不健全,制约了农民土地财产性收入功能的发挥。为了促进农民财产性收入增长,需要明确土地所有权主体,落实保障农民的土地财产权;建立健全土地承包经营权流转市场机制;改革土地征用制度,建立合理的利益分配机制;培育农村经济合作组织;加快农村社会保障体系建设。     

中国城乡土地体制的沿革、现状与改革方向

城镇化是我国建设社会主义现代化的历史任务,也是扩大内需的最大潜力所在。但在我国现行土地体制下,面临着土地供应不足、地方财政对土地高度依赖、土地使用效率下降、农民权益和粮食安全受到影响、卖地和工程腐败不断等问题。针对这些问题,土地应当怎样管理,怎样推进体制改革,都是下一步深化改革中必须着力解决的重点和难点。     

新时期征地制度改革的供求及损益分析——以河南省为例

我国《宪法》和《土地管理法》都把土地征收制度列为土地的基本制度之一。土地征收制度的实施,关系到土地利用效益的充分发挥与合理利用．关系到经济建设的合理布局与顺利进行,关系到广大农民的切身利益与社会稳定,关系到改革、发展的成败与得失。同时,土地征收制度还与当前政治、经济领域的一些社会热点和难点问题密切相关。因此,长期以来,土地征收问题一直是社会各界关注的热点问题、媒体关注的焦点问题、领导关注的重点问题和国土资源部门着力解决的难点问题。     

Descrepancies between Supply and Demand and Adjustment Processes in the Labour Market

Changes in demand and supply in segments of the labour market will affect the labour market position of workers with an educational background in a related field of study. In one economic tradition such discrepancies between supply and demand are thought to lead to unemployment in the case of excess supply and to unfilled vacancies or skill shortages in the case of excess demand. The other neo‐classical oriented tradition expects wage adjustments to take fully account of these labour market imbalances, leading to higher wages for studies with excess demand and lower wages in case of excess supply. In practice the labour market might, on the one hand, be more flexible than suggested by the first approach, but on the other hand adjustment might be incomplete and not only wages but also other aspects of the employment relationship might be affected by a friction between supply and demand. This study examines the relationship between discrepancies between labour demand and supply on the one hand and manifestations of these tensions in the labour market experience of school‐leavers on the other hand. To investigate this relationship, a random coefficient model has been used, which allows for different adjustment processes for the various educational types, but still makes full use of all the information available in the data. The analyses provide insights about the importance of different adjustment processes and their complementarity and substitutability. We show that on average, supply surpluses lead to pressure to accept jobs at a level which is lower than the school‐leavers educational level, jobs with relatively low wages, and jobs with part‐time contracts. A direct link between supply surpluses and unemployment is only found for a few specific fields of study. Unemployment seems to occur mostly when school‐leavers do not take temporary jobs or jobs below their educational level in case of excess supply.     

我国彩票市场的价格体系与供需分析

为分析彩票的供需函数,建立了彩票市场的价格体系,该体系包括彩票的销售价格、预期价值和有效价格.基于此,以有效价格作为价格变量,研究了彩票的供给函数与需求函数.根据统计学的期望值原理,通过计算彩票的预期价值得到供给函数,彩票的供给曲线呈现先降后升的特点.通过回归分析估计彩票的需求函数,它是一个减函数.最后,选取我国双色球乐透型彩票进行了实证研究,估计出双色球彩票的供需函数,进行了彩票市场的均衡分析和弹性分析,并基于分析结果给出了我国发展彩票业的对策.     

The Impact of External Demand Information on Parallel Supply Chains with Interacting Demand

This paper considers two parallel supply chains with interacting demand streams. Each supply chain consists of one supplier and one retailer. The two demand streams are jointly described with a vector autoregressive time‐series process in which they interact and their respective innovation errors correlate contemporaneously. For each supply chain, we develop insights into when and how much the supplier and the retailer can improve on their forecasting accuracy if the external demand history of the other supply chain is utilized. When this external demand history is not available or made available after a time lag, we develop a partial process and a delayed process to characterize the demand structure that the retailer can recover from the available demand histories. Our results show that the external demand history of the other supply chain always helps the retailer make better forecasts when demand streams interact; however, the enhanced information alters the retailer's order process, which may produce larger forecasting errors for the supplier. Conditions are established for the supplier to benefit from the external demand history of the other supply chain.     

不同供需关系下的食品安全与政府监管策略分析

供需物流不平衡是引发食品安全的问题的一个重要因素,本文从最基本的物流平衡出发,构建一个从原材料供应到消费者最终消费完整过程的食品风险传播模型,采用计算实验方法探讨不同供需关系对食品安全以及供应链成员策略选择的影响。研究发现,不同的供需关系会导致不同的食品安全情况,供需关系越紧张,食品安全事故发生的可能性越大,从物流平衡的角度解释了一些食品安全事故发生的必然性。在供需极度失衡的情况下,政府监管能在一定程度上控制有害物质的恶性传播,但不能从根本上保证食品的安全。政府监管策略方面,与静态的监管策略相比,弹性、动态的监管策略能更有效的控制食品安全。此外,物流供需关系、监管策略对食品供应链的上游影响较大,对下游影响相对较小。     

不确定需求情境下的供应链预测契约设计

以报童模型为基础,研究了在由单一生厂商和零售商组成的供应链系统中,生产商如何通过契约设计来影响零售商的需求预测行为,使其收益最大化的问题。文章基于静态博弈模型对此问题进行了分析,发现在整合供应链情境下,当需求预测成本较小时选择预测能够获得更高的期望收益;在分散式供应链情境下,当生产商选择预测契约时,预测成本最终由生产商承担,且其期望收益为预测成本的减函数,而选择无预测契约时则为预测成本的非减函数;最后通过生产商期望收益对比,给出了最优策略。     

我国粮食供求与价格走势(1980~2007)——粮价波动、宏观稳定及粮食安全问题探讨

本文在观察改革开放时期我国粮食经济基本数据基础上,探讨我国未来粮价短期走势和长期粮食安全问题。得益于市场化取向制度改革和现代农业科技进步,以绝对短缺和匮乏为特征的传统粮食安全问题早已发生实质性改变。受油价上涨刺激生物能源需求、国际小麦价格上涨以及国内粮食供求周期变动等因素影响,我国粮价走势在短中期存在相当的不确定性。如果我国货币供应与总需求增长不至失控,油价上涨导致粮价全面猛涨并把我国通胀率拉高到两位数的可能性比较小。     

Human Resources and Labour Incomes. Demand for Education,Supply of Labour and a Comparison between the Private and Public Sector

ABSTRACT: The present paper, starting from a few theoretical reflections and examining some empirical evidence referring to the Italian context and to the Emilia-Romagna region, suggests a more circumstantial approach, compared to that prevailing in the economic literature, to the analysis of reproduction of cognitive characteristics of human resources. Specification of upstream and downstream relationships with respect to demand for skills and supply of qualifications, and differentiation of segments comparable to commercial markets from segments comparable to industrial markets, allow us to outline an analysis framework within which human resources reproduction is the outcome of an unbalanced development process.     

Female Labor Supply,Human Capital,and Welfare Reform

We estimate a dynamic model of employment, human capital accumulation—including education, and savings for women in the United Kingdom, exploiting tax and benefit reforms, and use it to analyze the effects of welfare policy. We find substantial elasticities for labor supply and particularly for lone mothers. Returns to experience, which are important in determining the longer‐term effects of policy, increase with education, but experience mainly accumulates when in full‐time employment. Tax credits are welfare improving in the U.K., increase lone‐mother labor supply and marginally reduce educational attainment, but the employment effects do not extend beyond the period of eligibility. Marginal increases in tax credits improve welfare more than equally costly increases in income support or tax cuts.     

基于随机产出与随机需求的农产品供应链风险共担合同

本文采用单位价格补贴的风险共担机制,分析了农产品供应链中随机产出和随机需求下供应商-制造商采取不同的风险共担合同对农资投入、供应商、制造商以及整个供应链的利润的影响。文中的风险共担合同包括风险无共担合同、需求风险共担合同、产出风险共担合同、产出-需求风险共担合同,结合算例,结论得出:需求风险分担可以使供应链利润增加;产出风险分担可以增加供应商的利润收益,而赋予制造商控制供应商农资投入积极性的权利;产出-需求共担合同既能增加供应链及各成员的利润收益,同时还使得双方相互制约、相互协调,促使供应链良好发展。最后,结合非线性补贴的风险分担形式对上述合同的有效性进行了验证,研究表明,不同的补贴形式只在量上对决策存在影响,而本质上的结论并没有变化。     

需求风险和汇率风险在供应链中的传导分析

针对现有文献的缺陷,尝试着利用批发价合同构建了一个包含零售商、制造商与供应商的博弈模型。通过模型均衡,研究了需求风险和汇率风险如何在供应链中传导,并分别讨论了它们对供应链节点企业期望业绩与业绩方差的影响,及供应链节点企业之间的风险分担问题。结果表明,(1)供应链节点企业的期望业绩随市场需求波动和汇率变动程度的增加而增加;(2)供应链节点企业的业绩方差随市场需求波动和汇率变动程度的增加而增加;(3)零售商与制造商之间的相对风险分担(用零售商利润方差与制造商利润方差之比度量)随市场需求函数斜率的增加(零售商(对市场价格变化)的反应灵活性降低)而增加,而供应商与制造商之间的相对风险分担(用供应商利润方差与制造商利润方差之比度量)随供应商边际成本函数斜率的增加(供应商(对制造商的价格变化)的反应灵活性降低)而增加。这些结果从理论上表明,一方面需求风险和汇率风险可以通过节点企业之间的相互作用而在供应链中传导,另一方面供应链中的风险传导受"牛鞭效应"和节点企业利润边际的共同影响。