埃及与联合国及其安理会的关系

埃及是联合国51个创始成员国之一，自联合国成立之日起，埃及就积极支持联合国的各项工作。虽然联合国在维护埃及和阿拉伯国家利益方面也发挥了一定的积极作用，但总的来说，作用有限。埃及希望联合国及其安理会进行改革，加强其在维护地区和平与安全方面的作用。     

埃及参与全球气候治理:认知、实践与动因北大核心CSSCI

埃及是全球气候变化敏感区和影响显著区,水资源问题、粮食安全、卫生安全和社会经济发展等均受到气候变化的负面影响。自20世纪90年代起,埃及对气候变化和气候治理的认知逐渐深化,在参与全球气候治理中坚持发展中国家的立场,秉持“共同但有区别的责任”原则,以实现可持续发展为目标。从国内行动来看,气候治理已融入埃及的国家发展战略,动员和协调各界的气候治理网络正在形成,能源转型和产业升级步入轨道,气候变化意识得到传播和普及。从对外合作来看,埃及维护以联合国及《联合国气候变化框架公约》为核心的全球气候治理体系,广泛开展应对气候变化的南北合作与南南合作,在实践中初步探索出一条符合国情、积极有为的气候外交之路。国际社会的绿色发展趋势和国内发展与安全利益,为埃及采取气候行动注入了强大动力。总体而言,埃及对全球气候治理的参与在观念、制度和实践上取得了阶段性进展,但来自治理环境和自身资源与能力方面的困难及挑战仍有待克服和解决。     

全球化挑战埃及:历史、问题与对策

全球化在现代化改革、文化传统以及国际政治地位三个方面对埃及形成挑战.从当前看,加速现代化建设,继续推行国内经济改革是埃及成功应对全球化的根本措施;积极谋求地区经济合作和国际经济合作,以地区经济一体化应对全球化是埃及迎接全球化挑战必须依靠的力量;正确对待和处理全球化背境中的伊斯兰复兴运动是埃及在参与全球化进程中维护国家文化主权和社会稳定的重要条件.     

被低估的盟友:埃及对世界反法西斯战争的贡献

北非—地中海战场曾是世界反法西斯战争的重要战场,埃及是该战场的关键国家。埃及在战略、政治、军事和经济四个方面为世界反法西斯联盟做出了重要贡献。在战略方面,埃及担负英国海外军事首都的角色,开罗是盟军在中东地区的战略协调中心、补给中心和航空枢纽;在政治方面,埃及率先断绝与轴心国的外交关系,秉持坚定的参战立场,营造稳定的国内政治环境,加入世界反法西斯联盟,支持联合国的筹建;在军事方面,埃及军队参与本土防御,协助英军对抗德国和意大利军队,保卫苏伊士运河,为50万盟军过境提供便利;在经济方面,埃及在物资、人力、交通运输、财政、科技、医疗等多个方面为盟国提供大力支援。埃及的贡献为盟国取得北非—地中海战场的胜利奠定了基础,也奠定了埃及战后民族独立、成为中东地区大国的基石。     

抓住机遇，开拓中国与阿拉伯国家关系的新局面

自1956年埃及等国家与中国建交起，中阿关系经历了半个世纪的风雨历程。其间，双方政治上相互支持，经济上互通有无，国际事务中密切合作。中国坚定地支持阿拉伯国家捍卫国家主权、发展民族经济、反对外来干涉和侵略、维护民族权益的斗争。中国在恢复联合国合法席位、台湾、人权等问题上的斗争，     

埃及与新中国建交始末

新中国重视发展与阿拉伯国家的友好合作关系.埃及爆发"七月革命"后,纳赛尔上台执政.纳赛尔领导的埃及捍卫国家主权,维护民族利益,与西方大国矛盾日益尖锐.1955年召开的万隆会议加深了埃及对新中国的了解,并推动了两国关系的发展.经过多方努力,埃及与新中国终于建立了外交关系.     

默罕默德·阿里统治时期埃及妇女的政治地位

埃及作为一个中东大国,在19世纪默罕默德?阿里统治期间采取了最为迅速及有效的改革。然而在这样的一个动荡的社会里,埃及妇女的政治地位仍需要家庭的庇护,但埃及妇女也通过各种方式对当时的社会进行反抗,维护其在社会中的基本地位,为推动社会进步起到了积极作用。     

伊斯兰人权

穆罕默德·努阿曼·贾拉勒先生是埃及资深外交家,现任埃及驻华大使,曾任阿拉伯联盟常驻代表,1997～1992年期间是联合国社会与人道主义委员会埃及代表团成员,其中1988年任该委员会副主席.《伊斯兰人权》是穆罕默德·努阿曼·贾拉勒先生所著《埃及和伊斯兰人权》一书的一个章节.在当今世界上,每一个国家都有自己的传统文化、生活方式和价值观,对人权问题都有自己的理解,无论什么国家,若试图将自己的意志和价值观强加于人.都是徒劳的.本刊征得作者的同意,撷取其中的一部分,翻译出来,以飨读者.     

默罕默德?阿里统治时期埃及妇女的政治地位简

埃及作为一个中东大国，在19世纪默罕默德？阿里统治期间采取了最为迅速及有效的改革。然而在这样的一个动荡的社会里，埃及妇女的政治地位仍需要家庭的庇护，但埃及妇女也通过各种方式对当时的社会进行反抗，维护其在社会中的基本地位，为推动社会进步起到了积极作用。     

全球化挑战埃及：历史、问题与对策

全球化在现代化改革、文化传统以及国际政治地位三个方面对埃及形成挑战。从当前看，加速现代化建设，继续推行国内经济改革是埃及成功应对全球化的根本措施；积极谋求地区经济合作和国际经济合作，以地区经济一体化应对全球化是埃及迎接全球化挑战必须依靠的力量：正确对待和处理全球化背境中的伊斯兰复兴运动是埃及在参与全球化进程中维护国家文化主权和社会稳定的重要条件。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.