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1.
Over the past two decades the prevalence of partial/phased retirements has increased dramatically, redefining retirement and
the way in which retirement benefits are evaluated. Specifically the effect of retirement benefits on the transition away
from a state of career employment has become the primary issue of interest. This study uses data obtained from the Health
and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Rand HRS files, to examine the relationship between access to retiree health insurance
(RHI) and the decision to leave one’s career job. We employ a Cox Proportional Hazard Model to estimate how RHI affects the
probability that an individual disengages from their career job, given they have not yet done so. Results indicate that those
with access to RHI are 21% more likely to leave their career employer in all time periods than similar individuals without
RHI. Several robustness tests including stratified estimation and propensity score matching are performed and no evidence
of bias is detected. 相似文献
2.
Subhasree Basu Roy 《Journal of Labor Research》2018,39(1):56-98
Retirement is an important event in the life of an individual. The decision to retire or exit from full-time employment may be motivated by several factors, including health. This paper explores the effect of both subjective and relatively more objective physical and mental health conditions on the probability of exit from full-time employment. Using longitudinal data on older Americans from ten waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1992–2010), eight health indices are created from a wide range of health measures by principal component analysis. The effect of these health indices on the time until exit from full-time employment is empirically examined in a proportional hazard model. Single and competing risk specifications are estimated that allow for multiple spells of full-time employment and control for unobserved heterogeneity. The main results suggest that better self-reported health decreases the likelihood of exit from full- time employment, while poor physical health (functional limitations factor) increases the likelihood of exit from full-time employment via complete retirement and disability. For mental health, I find that depression increases the likelihood of exit via complete retirement, part-time work and unemployment while cognitive disorders lead to an increase in likelihood of exit via the disability exit route. Hence, physical and mental health problems are both impediments to continued work. These results have implications for public policies targeted towards retaining older workers within the labor market. 相似文献
3.
The Development and Challenges in Health Care Policy and Health Care Financing in Contemporary China
Yang Wei 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(2):328-342
China’s market-oriented reform has had great success in the past few decades. Along with the rapid economic growth of the
country, the economic development also influenced various aspects of China’s social, economical, and political life. Recent
debate has criticized the overheated market reform in social provision, thus arguing for the return of government interventions.
However, in the health care sector, it is inappropriate to attribute all distortions to market imperfection. It is rather
the design of the health care system and the lack of government interventions in regulating the health care market that obstruct
the functions of health care provision. To examine the proposed hypotheses, the paper focuses on China’s medical care provision,
evaluating the actual performance of China’s medical care provision in the environment of economic transition from a multidimensional
analysis, hence providing forward-looking suggestions for the design of China’s health care provision. Findings from this
study indicate that government interventions are indispensable in regulating the health care market as well as ensuring health
care delivery.
相似文献
4.
Nathalie Joly 《Sociologie du Travail》2004,46(4):511
Pieces of writing about work can be taken to be a cognitive resource for action, especially when the way to act cannot be fully stated beforehand. To prove this, a pragmatic interpretation is proposed of the interactions between writing and cognition in agriculture, a sector where keeping an agenda is a widespread but seldom studied practice. After describing the diversity of the information (mainly technical or economic) that farmers noted from day to day, the functions of remembering on-the-job events are described in relation to farming activities: how this memory serves to follow up on activities, to think about what should be done and when. This detailed study of how agendas are actually used sheds light on the means available to farmers for managing their activities. Sometimes, writing serves to codify operations; sometimes, to make plans and assessments; and sometimes, to routinize an activity. In general, it helps stabilize the farmer’s work environment, splintered as it is among various places and schedules. 相似文献
5.
Frederick O. Lorenz Glen H. Elder Wan‐Ning Bao K. A. S. Wickrama Rand D. Conger 《Rural sociology》2000,65(1):50-71
Abstract This study links macro social change to emotional health through continuity and change in farming. Families were divided into four groups, depending on whether they were full‐time farmers, part‐time farmers, displaced farm families who had left farming during the 1980s, or nonfarm families. Using four waves of panel data, we estimated initial levels and subsequent changes in per capita family income, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms of wives and husbands. Between 1989 and 1992, full‐time farm families' incomes decreased dramatically, while displaced farm families started 1989 with the lowest average per capita family income but saw the largest average increases in subsequent years. Farm status and changes in income predicted changes in stressful life events; changes in stressful life events, in turn, predicted changes in wives' and husbands' reports of depressive symptoms. 相似文献
6.
By reducing risk of large out-of-pocket medical expenses, comprehensive social health insurance may reduce households’ motivation
to engage in precautionary behaviors such as saving, procurement of private insurance, and spousal labor-force participation.
We use the natural experiment provided by the 1995 introduction of National Health Insurance in Taiwan to examine these effects,
using pre-existing differences in access to health insurance (tied to the household head’s and spouse’s joint employment status)
to identify the effects of increasing insurance coverage. We find that comprehensive health insurance has a statistically
significant and large effect on household savings, but no significant effects on purchase of private accident insurance and
spousal employment.
相似文献
Shin-Yi ChouEmail: |
7.
Questions about the modernization of farming, given its environmental impact, are leading French farmers to rework their occupational identities. This is studied by comparing cereal growers who practice “integrated protection” — a form of agriculture that saves on input — with their “conventional” colleagues. Given the high degree of uncertainty about the standards that will be imposed, cereal farmers have adopted positions that contrast with regard to: the future (anticipating vs. stalling for time), “professional excellence” (whether or not to accept lower yields) and risks (whether to adopt strategies turned toward vigilance or toward insurance). The diffusion of innovative farming practices is limited owing to their lack of legitimacy, which leads farmers to explore the possibilities for obtaining legitimation from outside the profession. 相似文献
8.
HwaJung Choi 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2011,32(3):493-507
This paper frames how parents’ health problems may affect a child’s subsequent working status. Parental health problems occurring
in their prime working years undermine an adult child’s resources and tend to affect the child’s preferences over time-allocations
among leisure, market- and non-market-labor. Empirical applications in this paper focus on a situation with pervasive health
problems, lack of social safety network, and a substantial gender gap in labor market return. Exploiting Russia Longitudinal
Monitoring Survey (RLMS) for the period 1994–2004, empirical results indicate that a father’s poor health status is a significant
predictor of lowering a daughter’s educational attainment and working probability during her subsequent, adulthood years. 相似文献
9.
Lynn A. Blewett Peter Graven Jeanette Ziegenfuss Michael Davern 《Journal of Labor Research》2009,30(4):296-316
Health insurance coverage continues to be an important benefit of employment and employer-sponsored insurance is the most
prominent form of health coverage in the US. We examine trends in both employer and employee contributions to the costs of
health insurance premium between 2002 and 2005 and assess these contributions relative to changes in worker wages. We do this
for the US overall and for the 50 states plus the District of Columbia. We found a significant increase of 15.5% in the share
of total compensation going toward health benefits (from 12.3–14.2%) for workers with individual coverage and an increase
of 13.5% (from 20.6–23.4%) for workers with family coverage. Wages over this time period decreased 3.0% for workers with individual
coverage and increased 0.8% for workers with family coverage. 相似文献
10.
Daniel L. Carlson Ben Lennox Kail Jamie L. Lynch Marlaina Dreher 《Sociological inquiry》2014,84(2):191-209
This study examines the consequences of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) dependent coverage provision for the health of U.S. young adults aged\–25. Using data from the Current Population Survey—March Supplement for the years 2007–2012 and ordered logistic regression analyses, we examine self‐rated health and its association with dependent health insurance coverage for 19‐ to 25‐year‐olds and a comparison group of 28‐ to 34‐year‐olds before and after implementation of the ACA. Compared to 28‐ to 34‐year‐olds, results indicate the post‐ACA period (2010–2011) is associated with increased access to dependent health insurance coverage and improved health for young adults aged 19–25 relative to the period before implementation (2008–2009). More than half of the difference in health improvement across age groups can be attributed to changes in dependent coverage. These results are the first to demonstrate a positive health benefit resulting from the implementation of the ACA. 相似文献
11.
Land use conflict after the wildlife and countryside act 1981: the role of the farming and wildlife advisory group 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As the conflict between agriculture and conservation in Britain continues, the farming and landowning lobby has placed increasing emphasis on the Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group (FWAG). This paper examines the development of FWAG as a mechanism for self-regulation through a voluntary and co-operative approach to conservation within the farming community. FWAG, until recently accorded little attention either by farmers or government, now enjoys considerable patronage, and new-found financial support from the Countryside Commission. As the National Farmers' Union (NFU) and Country Landowners' Association (CLA) seek to contain the tide of criticism of activities in the countryside FWAG, essentially a practical advisory body, has assumed a crucial ideological importance in the presentation of the farmers' traditional case of ‘stewardship’ and ‘good husbandry’. The paper concludes by stressing the dilemma facing the NFU and CLA as they seek to satisfy the wishes of their own members, government and the conservation lobby. 相似文献
12.
Amy Trauger Carolyn Sachs Mary Barbercheck Nancy Ellen Kiernan Kathy Brasier Jill Findeis 《Journal of Rural Studies》2008
Women farmers are underserved in agricultural education and technical assistance. Long held social constructions of farming women as ‘farmwives’ and in some cases ‘the bookkeepers’ rather than farmers or decision-makers influence the direction of most educational programming delivered through extension programs in land-grant universities in the United States. Consequently, many women farmers generally view these spaces as hostile, rather than helpful environments. This paper uses the agricultural training framework developed by Liepins and Schick (1998) to analyze our research on developing educational programming for women farmers. We conducted five focus groups with members of the Pennsylvania Women's Agricultural Network (PA-WAgN) to better understand women farmers’ needs for education. Women farmers reported the kinds of knowledge and information they want, in what kinds of contexts, and through what means of communication. We adapt and extend the original theoretical framework developed by Liepins and Schick to incorporate the seriality of women's identities, their discourses of embodiment and the agency granted to them through social networks. Through a presentation of the results of these focus groups, we discuss both the relevance of gender to agricultural education and the importance of the network model in providing education to women farmers. 相似文献
13.
The adjustment of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) initiated in the mid-1980s in response to its high cost and in-built tendency for overproduction set in train a series of measures that have been interpreted as reversing the former emphasis on agricultural production and diverting farmers towards alternative approaches to running their businesses. The policy reform measures have been characterised as contributing to a structural transition from a ‘productivist’ to ‘post-productivist’ era in agriculture, although empirical evidence for such reorientation at the farm level is less than conclusive. This paper reports on results from an analysis of large-scale commercial farmers in an area of relatively intensive arable and mixed livestock farming using documentary and survey sources to seek evidence of this transition over the long-term. Although these farmers have engaged with policy reform measures where these do not conflict with their primary objective, they continue to intensify and specialise their agricultural operations and to concentrate productive farm resources through accumulation and expansion. 相似文献
14.
We examine the effect of parental employment on child health as measured by children’s percentile body mass index (pBMI). Our investigation reveals that hours of parental employment are important determinants of child health. We find a highly
significant role for the influence of fathers’ hours of work on the pBMI. Given that work hours of both mothers and fathers impact child health, ignoring parents’ joint decision making in child
health production may lead to biased results. Additionally, we conclude that parental work hours may impact both the quality
and quantity of time that parents spend with their children. Specifically, we find that shared parent–child activities such
as building or repair work, and reading influence childhood obesity. 相似文献
15.
Sergio Vergalli 《Journal of Labor Research》2011,32(4):362-389
In this paper, we use a real option framework in order to study the role of combined entry and exit strategies in migration.
The paper’s aim consists in investigating migrants’ behaviour and in particular their duration of stay in the host country.
Our framework shows two threshold levels: the first triggers the migration choice, while the second triggers the return to
the country of origin. The difference between these two thresholds defines a region of inaction (hysteresis) i.e. the length
of the immigrant’s stay in the host country (duration). Our theoretical results show that: (a) the phenomenon of hysteresis
is amplified by ethnic communities both in entry and in exit cases; and (b) migration policies that attempt to exacerbate
entry could increase duration of immigrants and the migration stock in the host country. Furthermore, the community could
reduce the minimum wage level required to trigger both exit and entry. This fact could explain why we sometimes see migration
inflows with a low wage differential and also with underemployment. 相似文献
16.
17.
Suzanne Bartholomae Mia B. Russell Bonnie Braun Teresa McCoy 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2016,37(2):140-155
With the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, the health insurance literacy of Americans became a critical issue. In response, a consumer education program was created and tested by university researchers and educators associated with Cooperative Extension. This article draws extensively on the emerging literature on health insurance literacy and on data from participants in the Smart Choice Health Insurance? program. The intent of the study was to understand socio-demographic and environmental variables that predict initial health insurance literacy and gains in health insurance literacy. A standardized instrument measuring health insurance literacy was used to collect the data. Multivariate analysis showed higher income consumers demonstrated greater initial health insurance literacy scores compared to middle income consumers, whereas younger, male and lower educated consumers reported lower initial health insurance literacy. After participating in the Smart Choice Health Insurance? program, consumers who made greater gains in their health insurance literacy tended to be female, higher income, and consumers residing in states that showed supportiveness of the ACA. The findings highlight the importance of considering sociodemographic characteristics in program design and delivery, as well as how contextual issues, such as the political environment, might impact the delivery of educational efforts. Findings from the analyses help inform ways to adapt and tailor educational opportunities that focus on health insurance literacy for a range of consumers. 相似文献
18.
Capital Usage in Adverse Situations: Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Capital to Family Farm Businesses
Jane L. Glover 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2010,31(4):485-497
The paper applies Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of capital to explore how farming family businesses respond to critical changes
by using different forms of capital. The paper tells the story of three cases from the United Kingdom (UK): case one lost
the entire farm business in the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) crisis; case two the family had to overcome the sudden death
of the farmer; and in case three the farmer was diagnosed with a terminal illness. The results indicate that levels of economic
capital are adversely affected, whilst social and symbolic capitals are important in assisting family members to cope and
continue the business operations. The paper raises questions for future research and provides interesting findings for those
involved with family business. 相似文献
19.
Claire Lamine 《Journal of Rural Studies》2011,27(2):209-219
The growing criticism of intensive agricultural practices that lead to a deterioration of natural resources and a decrease of biodiversity has progressively led to more environmental constraints being put on agricultural activities through an “ecologization” of agricultural policies. The aims of these policies have been to protect environmentally sensitive areas, to improve groundwater quality and, more recently, to develop organic farming and/or reduce pesticide use. However, these efforts are still a far cry from a robust ecologization of agricultural practices. In order to identify the conditions for the implementation of such an ecologization, the changes in practices from conventional agriculture towards organic farming and integrated pest management (IPM) are investigated using a sociological study of farmers’ trajectories, coupled with the ESR (Efficiency-Substitution-Redesign) framework developed by biological and agricultural scientists. This combined approach reveals that a robust ecologization of agricultural practices requires us to take into account the specific and variable tempo of farmers’ trajectories and to redesign not only technical agricultural systems but also interactions within larger agrifood systems. 相似文献
20.
This study represents an extension of the human capital paradigm as it relates to an individual’s decision to migrate. It
differs from previous studies by incorporating union membership, a labor market variable, into the model. In effect, the National
Labor Relations Act of 1935 granted a monopoly bargaining position to unions. The theoretical implication of a union’s monopoly
bargaining position is that union wage levels will increase relative to nonunion wages. The increase of relative wages results
in union membership granting a property right that possesses positive net present value and hence reduces an employed union
member’s probability of migrating. Additionally, the supra-competitive remuneration of union members results in a surplus
of labor supplied to union firms. Employers respond by using quality screening to hire workers from the larger labor pool.
As a result, unemployed union members will on average possess higher levels of human capital, which will increase their probability
of migrating above that of their unemployed nonunion cohorts. 相似文献