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1.
In studying the complex determinants of human fertility, social scientists have given little attention to population density,
although reproduction has been shown to be density-dependent for a wide variety of other species. Using fixed effects models
on the time series of 145 countries and controlling for key social and economic variables, we find a consistent and significant
negative relationship between human fertility and population density. Moreover, we find that individual fertility preferences
also decline with population density. These findings suggest that population density should be included as a variable in future
studies of fertility determinants.
相似文献
Wolfgang LutzEmail: |
2.
Hung-Ju Chen 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):725-748
This study analyzes the impact of international migration on economic growth of a source country in a stochastic setting. The model accounts for endogenous fertility decisions and distinguishes between public and private schooling systems. We find that economic growth crucially depends on the international migration since the migration possibility will affect fertility decisions and school expenditures. Relaxation of restrictions on the emigration of high-skilled workers will damage the economic growth of a source country in the long run, although a ‘brain gain’ may happen in the short run. Furthermore, the growth rate of a source country under a private education regime will be more sensitive to the probability of migration than a country under a public education regime.
相似文献
Hung-Ju ChenEmail: Phone: +886-2-23582284Fax: +886-2-23582284 |
3.
The earned income tax credit and fertility 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Government programs designed to provide income safety nets often restrict eligibility to families with children, creating
an unintended fertility incentive. This paper considers whether dramatically changing incentives in the earned income tax
credit affect fertility rates in the USA. We use birth certificate data spanning the period 1990 to 1999 to test whether expansions
in the credit influenced birthrate among targeted families. While economic theory would predict a positive fertility effect
of the program for many eligible women, our results indicate that expanding the credit produced only extremely small reductions in higher order fertility among white women.
相似文献
Stacy Dickert-Conlin (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
“Backslanted X” fertility dynamics and macroeconomics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yishay D. Maoz 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):159-172
A large number of pairs of countries exhibit a dynamic pattern in which: (1) Fertility in both countries declines across time;
(2) initially, one country has a higher fertility and a lower per-capita income than the other; and (3) in time, as per-capita
incomes converge, fertility rates in the poorer country become lower than in the richer one. This article documents the prevalence
of such dynamics and offers a theoretical model in which these dynamics emerge endogenously. Assuming differences in the degree
of utility substitution between consumption and rearing children across countries generates all three components of these
dynamics.
相似文献
Yishay D. MaozEmail: |
5.
Growth and inequality: a demographic explanation 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Kazutoshi Miyazawa 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):559-578
This paper investigates the relationship between growth and inequality from a demographic point of view. In an extended model of the accidental bequest with endogenous fertility, we analyze the effects of a decrease in old-age mortality rate on the equilibrium growth rate as well as on the income distribution. We show that the relationship between growth and inequality is at first positive and then may be negative in the process of population aging. The results are consistent with the empirical evidence in some developed countries.
相似文献
Kazutoshi MiyazawaEmail: |
6.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
7.
Alfonso Miranda 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):67-81
This paper examines how education and family background affect the fertility plans of young individuals in Mexico. Quantile
regression for count data is used for the analysis. Results indicate that education and family structure affect planned fertility
only at the tails of the conditional distribution. Education reduces planned fertility only among women with relatively strong
preferences towards children. An absent father reduces planned fertility mostly at the bottom of the conditional distribution.
相似文献
Alfonso MirandaEmail: |
8.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
相似文献
Allan WürtzEmail: |
9.
This paper analyses the relation between public pensions, fertility and child care in a closed-economy overlapping generations
model with endogenous fertility. It is shown that raising a child involves two social externalities and that it is optimal
to introduce child allowances if the government redistributes income from the young to the old. The optimal child allowance
rises when longevity increases. If the costs of raising children depend positively on the wage, a third externality arises
and the returns to savings should be taxed.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
10.
The impact of family policies on fertility in industrialized countries: a review of the literature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anne H. Gauthier 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(3):323-346
This paper examines the theoretical propositions and empirical evidence linking policies and fertility. More specifically,
the analysis presented in this paper draws attention to the complex mechanisms that theoretically link policies and demographic
outcomes: mechanisms that involve imperfect information and decisions that are rationally bound by very specific circumstances.
As to the empirical evidence, studies provide mixed conclusions as to the effect of policies on fertility. While a small positive
effect of policies on fertility is found in numerous studies, no statistically significant effect is found in others. Moreover,
some studies suggest that the effect of policies tends to be on the timing of births rather than on completed fertility.
相似文献
Anne H. GauthierEmail: |
11.
Gil S. Epstein 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):707-715
This paper considers an economic analysis of intergenerational transition of ethnic and social trait. We consider the level
of social traits chosen by parents and its effect on their children’s choice of ethnic and social traits when reaching adulthood.
We develop a theory that suggests that parents will chose extreme ethnic and social traits to increase the cost that their
children will pay if they wish to deviate from their parents’ “ideal.” The extreme choice of the ethnic social traits of parents
has an effect on the segregation of minorities and migrants.
相似文献
Gil S. EpsteinEmail: |
12.
Lack of knowledge about differential AIDS mortality seriously hampers the study of the economic impact of AIDS in developing countries. We derive HIV infection risk differentials by age, education, and other microeconomic characteristics using the Ivorian Demographic and Health Survey. Our model is based on econometrically estimated equations using commonly available variables, therefore it can be used whenever such a survey is available but there is no representative information about HIV infection by socioeconomic group. For instance, we found that educated people have a higher risk of HIV infection, because they are more likely to have several sexual partners. However, this effect is partly offset by a higher probability of condom use relative to less educated people. The identification of the socioeconomic characteristics of low and high risk groups seems indispensable to set up adequate AIDS prevention and therapy policies in developing countries.
相似文献
Michael Grimm (Corresponding author)Email: Phone: ++49-551-398170Fax: +49-551-397302 |
13.
Timothy J. Hatton 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):719-740
Since the 1970s Britain has gone from being a country of net emigration to one of net immigration, with a trend increase in
immigration of more than 100,000 per year. This paper represents the first attempt to model the variations in net migration
for British and for foreign citizens, across countries and over time. A simple economic model, which includes the selection
effects of differing income distributions at home and abroad, largely accounts for the variations in the data. The results
suggest that although improved economic performance in the UK relative to overseas has tended to increase immigration, rising
UK inequality has had an even larger effect. Immigration policies at home and abroad have also increased net immigration,
particularly in the 1990s.
相似文献
Timothy J. HattonEmail: |
14.
This paper studies child mortality and fertility in 61 developing countries including the Central Asian Republics (CARs). To control for simultaneity, an estimated value of fertility was used in the mortality equation and a final specification included only exogenous socio-economic, health and environmental variables. We confirm the importance of female literacy in explaining both fertility and mortality, and also find a measure of consumption for the poorest share of the population to be significant, while controlling for nutrition, health expenditure, and income distribution. Incidence of tuberculosis and female agricultural population proxy for environmental impacts, but in spite of these controls, approximately 41% additional mortality was estimated due to living in the CARs. The results fill gaps in the literature: we use a wider range of socio-economic and environmental health variables than previously in an encompassing analysis of mortality and fertility, and find evidence of excessive mortality in the CARs most likely linked to environmental degradation in the region.
相似文献
Jennifer S. FranzEmail: |
15.
The changing nature of wage inequality 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Thomas Lemieux 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):21-48
The paper reviews recent developments in the literature on wage inequality with a particular focus on why inequality growth
has been particularly concentrated in the top end of the wage distribution over the last 15 years. Several possible institutional
and demand-side explanations are discussed for the secular growth in wage inequality in the United States and other advanced
industrialized countries.
相似文献
Thomas LemieuxEmail: |
16.
The effect of longevity on schooling and fertility: evidence from the Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Rodrigo R. Soares 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):71-97
This paper presents microevidence on the effect of adult longevity on schooling and fertility. Higher longevity is systematically
associated with higher schooling and lower fertility. The paper looks at the 1996 Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey
and constructs an adult longevity variable based on the mortality history of the respondent's family. Families with histories
of high adult mortality in previous generations have systematically higher fertility and lower schooling. These effects are
not associated with omitted variables and remain unchanged after a large array of factors is accounted for (demographic characteristics,
family-specific child mortality, regional development, socioeconomic status, etc.).
相似文献
Rodrigo R. SoaresEmail: |
17.
Akira Yakita 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):579-592
We examine the effect of an increase in life expectancy on portfolio choices of individuals and, thereby, on economic growth in a simple endogenous growth model populated by overlapping generations, in which money is introduced based on the money-in-the-utility-function approach. It is shown that an increase in longevity raises the balanced growth rate and lowers the inflation rate, offsetting the Tobin effect, if spillovers from accumulated capital to labor productivity sufficiently raise wage income and real savings, and, if not, it may retard economic growth and aggravate inflation. Under plausible conditions, the former will be the case.
相似文献
Akira YakitaEmail: |
18.
Given that savings behaviour and worker productivity have strong life-cycle components and given that demographic profiles
vary across countries, population age structure should be linked to differences in levels of economic development. In this
paper, we measure the economic importance of age structure variation for the global economy. We find that demographic maturation
has been associated with nearly half of the evolution of global per capita GDP since 1960. We also find that age structure
differences can account for just over half of the variation in worldwide per capita GDP (i.e. the lack of sigma convergence)
observed since 1960.
相似文献
Pablo Hernández de Cos (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
20.
This study applies rich data from the 2000 Swiss census to investigate the patterns of intergenerational education transmission
for natives and second-generation immigrants. The level of secondary schooling attained by youth aged 17 is related to their
parents’ educational outcomes based on data on the entire Swiss population. Extending economic theories of child educational
attainment, we derive hypotheses regarding the patterns of intergenerational education transmission. The data yield substantial
heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission across population groups. Only a small share of this heterogeneity is explained
by the predictions of economic theory.
相似文献
Regina T. Riphahn (Corresponding author)Email: |