西部少数民族地区课程改革探微

经过素质教育课程改革的实验,总结经验,并针对改革中存在的问题,探讨西部少数民族地区实施课程改革时如何解决这些问题。     

工商管理专业的特色教育探析

就经济学、工商管理类专业教育目前存在学生外语水平、计算机应用水平及分析问题与解决问题能力较差,人才培养趋同化等问题,分析了这些问题产生的原因,建议从试验课程改革、外语应用能力培养、通识教育与专业教育结合、教学方法改革、鼓励企业参与大学人才培养的激励机制设计、专业特色培养等方面开展工商管理专业的特色教育.     

关于高等师范院校课程结构改革的设想

本文从我国高等院校课程结构的现状出发,针对高等院校课程结构中存在的忽视教育基础课和活动课程、选修课程安排过少、课程设置过分专业化等问题,积极大胆地提出了自己的改革设想,对于高等院校课程结构改革具有重要的理论和实践意义.     

《草坪学》课程教学改革与实践

阐述了《草坪学》教学中存在的主要问题和改革措施。通过整合师资力量、调整教学内容、改进教学方法、加强实践教学等一系列改革措施,使《草坪学》课程教学质量明显提高,课程建设取得显著成效。     

关于民族高等院校课程改革的几点思考

随着民族地区经济和社会的跨越式发展,我国民族高等院校课程建设暴露出了许多问题,课程设置趋同化,课程内容和教学方法刻板与僵化.民族高等院校必须加强和深化课程改革,在课程改革中,必须坚持课程体系设置的灵活性,课程内容的民族性、教学方式方法的针对性等原则.     

高职院校艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革分析

艺术设计专业是高职院校中的一个重要专业之一,艺术设计专业教学是对高职专业教学的有力补充.高职艺术设计专业中,图形类软件课程是其重要组成部分,该类课程的教学对学生的影响非常大,直接关系到学生的今后发展.本文中,笔者首先介绍了高职艺术设计专业图形类软件课程的基本情况,然后阐述了项目化改革的含义及特征,紧接着又分析了高职艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革中遇到的问题,最后在前文的基础上详细探讨了高职院校艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革对策,从而形成了对高职院校艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革的全面了解,希望能够起到一定的参考作用.     

高职院校艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革分析

艺术设计专业是高职院校中的一个重要专业之一,艺术设计专业教学是对高职专业教学的有力补充。高职艺术设计专业中,图形类软件课程是其重要组成部分,该类课程的教学对学生的影响非常大,直接关系到学生的今后发展。本文中,笔者首先介绍了高职艺术设计专业图形类软件课程的基本情况,然后阐述了项目化改革的含义及特征,紧接着又分析了高职艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革中遇到的问题,最后在前文的基础上详细探讨了高职院校艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革对策,从而形成了对高职院校艺术设计专业图形类软件课程项目化改革的全面了解,希望能够起到一定的参考作用。     

《食品发酵与酿造工艺学》教学实习的改革探索

根据食品专业教学的新计划,针对食品发酵与酿造工艺学课程教学实习中存在的现实问题,对该课程的教学实习改革方法进行了初步探索。     

对民族地区实施多元音乐课程的思考

民族地区的多元音乐课程存在着偏狭的音乐课程目标、汉化的音乐课程内容、功利化的课程实施以及师资力量不足等问题。要解决这些问题,就必须树立多元音乐课程理念、复归课程民族文化品性、加强多元音乐课程实施以及重视师资培训等。     

化学师范类专业教学技能课程改革与实践——内蒙古民族大学化学师范类专业教学改革总结

为适应时代发展和基础教育改革的需要,我们针对化学师范类专业毕业生中存在的实际问题,从2001年开始开展了化学师范类学生技能课程改革实践.此次技能课程改革,在建立"理论一技能训练一实践"课程框架的基础上,采取加设技能课程、编写技能课教材、改进教学方式和方法的措施,促进了学生教学工作技能的培养和发展,提高了学生的社会竞争能力和化学师范类专业的办学效益.     

Citizenship, ‘rubbished’ dissidents and local restoration of the dead – the execution of Luri political activists in south-western Iran

The paper's focus is a critical moment in the trajectory of the Islamic state in Iran, the trace of which was still discernible in the presidential election of 2009. It draws on ethnographic research among the Lurs of south-western Iran between 1979–1982 to examine the impact of the abolition of politics as contested representations at the centre on a ‘remote’ periphery. The end of a short-lived political activity, as a distinct form of power, in Iran in 1981 was earmarked by mass executions of which only 1600 had been officially counted for the period of 20 June to September 1981 (Amnesty International). The executed were guilty of expressing dissent against divine rule of which the Islamic state was an embodiment. Although the Lurs paid a less heavy penalty for this ‘crime’ than elsewhere in the country the survivors' response to the loss of a young relative in the hands of Islamic executioners was noticeably muted. The response is looked at as the restoration of the status of the dead to the executed relative whose body had been ‘rubbished’ – wrapped in an American flag and abandoned unburied in a desolate place by the Muslim executioners. The paper argues ‘rubbishing’ signified the annihilation of citizenship under the Islamic rule in which the body of the citizen is seen as harbouring ‘the most corrupt’ subject, the sinner who could not even be ‘rectified’ through a less destructive use of force – flogging and mutilation. It, therefore, had to be disposed of – ‘rubbished’. The survivors, on the other hand, by confining themselves to the symbolic return of the executed relative to the community left unacknowledged his quest for equality and liberty. By their reluctance to remember and recount the executed's words and deeds the survivors refused to grant him the ‘immortality’ of a citizen whose death outlived his destruction. The brutal suppression of political agency at the centre and its muted recognition in the periphery are explained as a negation of political power. The power entails postponing the use of force to the last resort thus allowing plurality as a human condition to be realised. Consequent on this realisation is the publicly contested opinions by many who would inevitably challenge the truths guarded by few both at the centre and periphery. It was this challenge that led the ruling mullahs to invoke the Koranic Truths to annihilate the disseminators of opinions. The unspoken citizenship of the annihilated dissidents in the periphery served in turn to reassert the Lurs' historically cherished otherness geared to the use of force. The citizenship called for a discursive inclusion of Lurs, through the use of ‘the pen’, in a wider world, by postponing the use of force. In contrast, the traditional Luri rebels relied heavily on an immediate use of force, through the celebrated ‘rifle’, to perpetuate their perceived inaccessibility. Resistance leads to emancipation, the paper argues, when the particularised subjectivity of local actors is superseded in the universal – objectified – political space in which the agent, i.e. the citizen, overrides the boundaries within which localness is reproduced.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.     

丹巴百年来政治、经济及习俗演变——以章谷屯的设立与发展为例

在平定＂大小金川之乱＂后,清政府在章谷建立屯兵制度。章谷屯兵制度的设立和发展推动了炉霍屯的建立,其后,清政府又利用章谷屯与炉霍屯的合力,趁势废除了革什咱土司等。因此,清代章谷屯的设立对于丹巴地区最终设立县制具有重要意义。与章谷屯的设立与发展相伴随的是丹巴地区在宗教、经济、文化方面的融合与发展。宗教方面,墨尔多神山升格为国家神灵,同时,文昌阁、关帝庙、观音庙等汉地传统神祗传入丹巴;物产方面,玉米、土豆等传入,玉米饼、酸菜汤、老腊肉成为丹巴地区的特色食品;农业方面,章谷屯建立后,农业耕作转向精耕细作,耕作工具大为丰富和发展;建筑方面,传统的防卫型碉楼与宜居型的碉房相得益彰,形成独具特色的丹巴民居画卷。     

图腾:古代神话还是现代神话?

图腾是一种古老的原始宗教形式。在一定的文化圈中,同一图腾信仰也就意味着同源共祖。图腾也是最早的社会组织的标志和象征,它对于氏族内部的团结和实行氏族外婚制具有重要意义。本文就图腾一词的由来、含义、图腾起源、图腾崇拜的本质、图腾与禁忌的关系等方面的内容作概括性分析,说明图腾既非古代神话也非现代预言,而是人类赖以生存的大自然神力的象征,是人与大自然和谐共处的必然产物。     

权力的互嵌与争夺——小凉山彝族毕摩与东巴共存的田野调查研究

一个彝族山区的村落,既有彝族传统的毕摩,又有纳西族独特的东巴.毕摩和东巴共存于一个村落共同体,分工明确层次不同.村落中没有纳西族村民,为何会有东巴的出现,东巴和毕摩如何实现权力的互嵌与争夺,耐人寻味.毕摩和东巴都享有特殊的地位,都依赖于支持它们的文化根基,其本质是一种巫术的实践,并作为生存手段而不断被重复.通过小凉山毕摩与东巴共存之田野调查,得出共存之因国家权力的渗透能力之强是其一,民众权力争夺之智慧交锋是其二,矛盾各方彼此之间的妥协与让步是其三,以小观大,权力的互嵌与争夺无处不在.     

爱尔兰民族的基督教化及其特征分析

爱尔兰民族在皈依基督教过程中走出了一条完全不同于任何民族的创新道路,在欧洲各国的基督教中具有一定的特殊性。本文通过对爱尔兰宗教历史的分析和许多爱尔兰基督教学者的研究成果的整合,研究古爱尔兰人的皈依过程和爱尔兰修道院模式基督教的显著特征,试图证明宗教与民族之间的矛盾并不是不可调和的,只是需要为宗教寻找到一条适合发展的模式和道路。     

试论全球化背景下我国宗教与法律的关系及走向——藏传佛教宗教事务的法律化研究之四

无论东方还是西方,宗教与法律都有着密不可分的联系。在经济全球化的背景下,全球经济在一体化的发展中同时也伴随产生同质与异质冲突趋势,这种冲突也影响到了宗教、法律等多个领域。宗教与法律表现出了与以往不同的新情况和新问题,宗教问题更为突出,对与宗教相关的法律提出了更高的要求。如何客观评价和处理好两者的关系,使宗教和法律更好地为社会发展提供服务是当前所要解决的重点问题。本文从全球化所呈现出的特征出发,对当前宗教与法律的关系进行分析,探讨宗教事务法治化发展的路径。     

西北方言词语在近代俗语词考释中的价值略论--以《金瓶梅词话》、《醒世姻缘传》和《聊斋俚曲集》为例

<金瓶梅词话>、<醒世姻缘传>和<聊斋俚曲集>都是公认的山东籍作家的作品,立足山东方言对其方言俗语词考释的成果很多,但有些词语仍然不能得到解释,已经做过解释的词语问题也不少,需要进一步考索.我们选择若干个仍活跃在现代西北方言(主要是青海、甘肃地区)中的方言俗语词加以考释,借此来说明西北方言词在近代汉语俗语词考释方面有着不可忽视的参考价值,应当引起研究者的重视.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

从《爱药》看美国印第安人的真实生存状态

露易丝·厄德里克是美国当代最杰出的作家之一.《爱药》是她的成名之作和代表作.《爱药》叙事形式新颖,作者从印第安人的视角去讲述美国历史上发生的与印第安人相关的事件对他们生活的影响,让世人听到了后殖民时代美国印第安人的感受和心声.《爱药》真实地反映了在文化接触与转型中,美国印第安人从坚守传统、被动迷茫到民族意识觉醒、与时俱...