人的理性提升与教育的责任——青少年养成教育的“人本”意蕴

本文试图从人本视角探讨"教育是什么"问题,认为当代教育应是以人的属性为依据的养成教育,这一教育应以养成与不断提升人的理性为责任.指出人的属性是历史的产物,具有层次性,包含着物性和理性;而人的理性也具有层次性,包含着工具理性和价值理性.养成教育的责任是在承认人的物性的基础上逐步提升人的理性:一方面要注重知识技能的工具理性,另一方面也要注重伦理规范的工具理性;在高科技信息时代,则更要注重人的价值理性.整体性地把握人的属性的层次性与教育的责任,有助于我们全面地反思当下教育的种种弊端,主动地推进教育改革,科学地推动人-社会-经济的可持续发展.     

你是“世俗”一代吗——关于当代都市青年时政意识的问卷调查

新世纪的年轻人是什么样的?20世纪70年代以后出生的人是这一代的主体。这一代人没有封闭的精神苦闷,没有太多传统文化的记忆,也没有刻骨铭心的政治、历史负累;这一代人的理想不再是“给世界留下什么”,而是“我从世界得到什么”……有社会学家说,这是走向“世俗化”的一代。而世俗化正是传统社会向现代社会转变的标尺。     

补足精神之钙,铸造精神之魂——在教育实践活动中如何坚定理想信念,克服浮躁之风

“钙”和“魂”是精神的源泉,人的理想信念来自于他本身所具备的精神和气质。教育实践活动的核心是要查找“四风”问题,而所有“四风”问题的出现,都根源于人的理想信念出现了滑坡。要想将实践活动开展得有声有色,深入人心,必须依靠具备强大精神力量的人,以坚定的理想信念,扎实的工作作风,补足精神之钙,铸造精神之魂。     

博雅

19世纪中叶,英国有个叫纽曼的大教育家,他在出任大学校长时便说：“真正的大学教育是什么？不是专业教育,不是技术教育,而是博雅教育。大学的理想在于把每个学生的精神和品行升华到博雅的高度。这样的人首先在精神上就是健康的。”纽曼还说：“大学不培养政治家,不培养作家,也不培养工程师。大学首先要培养学生的灵魂,健全地到达博雅的高度,即具有完整的人格。一个心灵健康的人做什么事情都可以;一个灵魂健全的人做什么事情都更容易胜任。”     

21世纪初青年价值观预测

价值观是人们关于生活中基本价值的信念、信仰、理想等思想观念的总和。具体而言,可以从三个层面加以把握:从其形式来看,价值观念是由人们对那些基本价值的看法、信念、信仰、理想等所构成,思想形式是多种多样的;从其内容来讲,价值观念反映了主体的根本地位、需要、利益,及主体实观自己利益和需要的能力、活动方式等方面的主观特征,是以“信什么、要什么、坚持追求和实现什么”的方式存在的人的精神目标系统;从其功能来看,价值观起着评价标准的作用,是人们心目中用于衡量事物轻重、权衡得失的天平和尺子。总之,价值观是人和社会精神文化系统…     

新农村建设与职业技术教育新使命

《中华人民共和国职业教育法》明确提出：“职业教育是国家教育事业的重要组成部分，是促进经济社会发展和劳动就业的重要途径。”《中国教育改革和发展纲要》也提出：“职业教育是现代教育的重要组成部分，是工业化、社会化和现代化的重要支柱。”它的培养目标应以培养社会大量需要的具有一定专业技能的熟练劳动者和各种实用人才为主”。这就规定，职业教育具有双重属性。首先是有其他类型教育都具有的一般属性，是培养人的社会活动。同时又有其它类型教育所不具有的特殊属性。它是直接为地方经济和社会发展，包括行业建设服务的；它是直接为人的就业服务的；它与市场特别是劳动力市场的联系最直接、最密切。这些特殊的属性，就确定了职业教育在全面建设社会主义新农村中具有其它类型教育的不可替代性。     

心理健康的三大标准

“世界卫生组织”关于“健康”的定义是:“健康不仅指一个人没有残缺或疾病,而是指一个人有良好的身体,精神和社会适应能力”。人是一个身心统一体。一个健康的人应该包括两方面:一方面从生理上说,他的体格是健壮的,能经得起风雪寒暑的袭击;另一方而从心理上说,他的精神是健全的,能经受各种复杂环境的锤炼。注意生理卫生可以培养健全的体格;注意心理卫生可以培养健会的性格。这就是我们平时所说的身心健康,只有身心都健康的人。才是真正健康的人。长期以     

先秦儒家人性论对高校思想政治教育的启示

先秦儒家人性论独具特色、自成体系,是对人的关注,也是思想政治教育的起点。"性相近、习相远",说明人在自然属性并无差别,但人性是可塑的。孟子从自然属性出发,提出"人性善";荀子从社会属性出发,提出"性恶论",对人性论展开了系统的论述。先秦儒家人性论产生,既与提出者的家庭背景有关,也与社会背景有关,分析先秦人性论理论,可为高校思想政治教育工作提供有益的启示。     

“饭圈”文化的负效应及教育对策

从娱乐圈衍生出来的“饭圈”文化是一种新型的亚文化,从辩证思维的角度来看,“饭圈”文化有其优点,如丰富了粉丝群体的精神世界与获得归属感等等,但是其中不可忽视的攀比享乐、巨额集资应援、党同伐异等失范现象已经给粉丝尤其是青少年粉丝群体带来不良影响,亟须处理。思想政治教育作为立德树人的关键一步,具有参与“饭圈”文化治理的优势。在整顿过程中,要唤醒“饭圈”中个体精神世界的需要,引导青少年粉丝更多关注自我发展;重视“饭圈”内部的法制和道德教育;用主流思想熏陶“饭圈”意识形态。     

“痴情终被痴情误”——谈袭人的核心性格

《红楼梦》问世以来,有不少人将袭人看作是“面带忠厚,内藏奸诈”的“狐媚子”;也有人认为袭人是“至贤至善”的“真袭卿”。这些看法自然均有所本,但似乎未能切中肯綦。若以人为本,从文本出发,就会发现曹雪芹在刻画袭人时,将落笔点放在了“痴情”二字上面,“痴情”才是袭人精神思想行为的核心所在。无论是她的“忠厚”抑或“奸诈”,以及“至贤至善”,皆因“痴”而致,总由“情”而生。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.