隔离墙及其影响

以色列修建隔离墙一事一直受到世人关注,看法也各不相同.然而,究竟什么是隔离墙?隔离墙的影响有那些?如何看待以单方面修建隔离墙呢?     

开放世界中的隔离

美国总统布什10月26日在白宫签署了一项旨在美国和墨西哥边界地区修建一道长达1126公里的隔离墙的法案。布什认为,该法案将有助于保护美国人民,有助于使美国边界更安全。同一天,墨西哥当选总统费利佩·卡尔德龙抗议说:"边界隔离墙不能解决任何问题。人类修建柏林墙就已经犯下了一个大错误。我认为,现在美国在边界上修建隔离墙也同样是在犯一个严重错误。"修建隔离墙总是引起许多争议,它无非是要把人挡在外面和把人围在里面。人们争论的焦点在于是否道德与是否有效。世人所为熟知的隔离墙,除了美国和墨西哥边界的隔离墙,还有约旦河西岸围绕以…     

开放世界中的隔离

美国总统布什10月26日在白宫签署了一项旨在美国和墨西哥边界地区修建一道长达1126公里的隔离墙的法案.布什认为,该法案将有助于保护美国人民,有助于使美国边界更安全.同一天,墨西哥当选总统费利佩·卡尔德龙抗议说:"边界隔离墙不能解决任何问题.人类修建柏林墙就已经犯下了一个大错误.我认为,现在美国在边界上修建隔离墙也同样是在犯一个严重错误."     

爱情地道

亚当斯和玛丽是德国一对相恋8年的情人。战争后他们的国家分成了东西两个政权，边界拉起了铁丝网，修建起隔离墙，双方军队荷枪实弹地对峙，两人被阻隔在两地。     

21世纪以来巴勒斯坦非暴力抵抗运动的内涵、实践与挑战

21世纪以来,基于大众的非暴力抵抗运动已经演变为巴勒斯坦对以色列斗争的潜在战略趋势,其以2002年民间反对修建隔离墙为起点,发展至今可划分为"反隔离墙运动"与"反占领运动"两个阶段.巴勒斯坦非暴力抵抗运动以战略实用型的非暴力学说为指导,主要以约旦河西岸地区为活动空间,通过抗议和说服、不合作与直接干预等方式,践行反占领、求生存的对以斗争.但在当前巴以双边关系的框架内,以色列社会从公众到官方都缺乏应有的建设性回应,而巴勒斯坦地理空间的破碎、政治和社会领域的分裂与竞争以及强有力领导角色的缺失,致使非暴力抵抗运动面临社会动员与凝聚力严重不足等问题和挑战.     

谁的牌坊

在明清时期，牌坊的修建由朝廷统一支配和管理。明洪武二十一年（1388年），太祖降旨修建状元坊以表彰廷试的状元，开创了由朝廷批准修建牌坊的先例。至此，这种特殊的建筑形式便和帝王的恩宠联系在一起，拥有一座牌坊，也就拥有了至高无上的荣光。     

弹奏生命雄伟的乐章

弹奏生命雄伟的乐章张云梦涂萍，女，１９３７年出生，大学文化，湖南省公路桥梁建设公司高级工程师，桥梁专家。３０多年来，她参与修建桥梁２０余座。其中，１９６５年主持建设了我省第一座预应力桥；１９８０年参与修建的望城县伪水大桥获省科技成果一等奖；１９８５年...     

对建筑业走出低谷的探索

市场疲软,深层次竞争激烈,建筑业面临严重的挑战。在这种形势下,建筑业如何走出低谷呢?和平区房屋修建装饰公司第二工程队做出了这样的回答:实行质量成本管理,把创优质工程与增收节支统一起来。     

伊斯兰文明与西方文明无天然隔离墙

2005年1月23日《波兰新闻周刊》刊登了一篇题为《伊斯兰和西方的冲突不可避免吗?》的文章,作者斯蒂文·西蒙(Steven Simon)认为“文明的冲突”在理论上并不成立,因为世界上没有纯粹的文明。亚洲人和西方社会在价值观、信仰和风俗习惯上存在差异,但在亚洲人之间、西方社会的内部同样也有这些差别。例如,印度尼西亚的穆斯林和沙特的穆斯林就迥然不同,前者建立的政党非常温和,而后者的政府却是由宗教保守主义者建立,这样的例子比比皆是。西蒙认为在穆斯林世界和其他文化之间并不存在一道天然的隔离墙。穆斯林和西方世界是生存在同一个现代社会…     

假设法律允许集体土地进行商品住宅开发

关于"小产权房"的理解有两种:一是城里人在农民宅基地上修建的住房:二是占用集体土地修建的商品住宅.对"小产权房"的态度有两种:一是同情,觉得"小产权"应该合法化;二是批评,认为对"小产权"应当严厉查处.对"小产权房"的第一种理解,是一个值得研究和探讨的问题,农民是否可以将自己合法取得的宅基地房屋卖给城里人?<土地管理法>规定:"农村村民出卖、出租住房后,再申请宅基地的,不予批准."     

Structured Bellicosity: Was the Israeli‐Arab Conflict Originally Inevitable?

Subsequent to its inception and the conclusion of the 1948 War, Israel stood at a crossroads. It could choose either to embark on belligerency vis‐à‐vis the surrounding Arab world or pursue peaceful solutions. Israel opted for bellocisty. Why? It is argued that the political structure that gave precedence to the use of force is traceable to the Israeli type of state building with regard to the strategy the state adopted to absorb the mass Mizrachi immigration from Arab countries. The challenge was absorption without jeopardizing the dominance of the veteran Ashkenazim. The chosen track inevitably created the conditions for bellicosity. Exclusionary arrangements in the labor market by forcibly distancing the cheap Palestinian laborforce, the empowerment of the military as a nation builder, and the enabling of a high level of resource mobilization by a centralized state were all mechanisms that made bellicosity possible and even preferable.     

Making sense of ‘Price Tag’ violence: changing contexts,shifting strategies,and expanding targets

Writings on the fringe Jewish settler grassroots network known as the Hilltop Youth have proliferated in recent years, following the increase in violent activism associated with the network. But knowledge on this violent activism, called Price Tag, has remained conflicting and problematic. Central questions persist: What is the meaning of Price Tag violence? What explains the increase in the rate and salience of Price Tag violence? What are the social-political implications of Price Tag violence? This article argues that Price Tag violence represents a new strategy of contention taking shape in the context of a fundamental reconfiguration of relations within Israel’s institutional and non-institutional radical Right, and that it represents a highly consequential social and political phenomenon with destabilizing and destructive effects nationally and regionally.     

Challenges,Speculations, Risks: Differentiating From Israel

What is it like to differentiate from a country, a culture? Is it even possible? This paper describes my struggle to differentiate from Israel. I share both the emotional and intellectual dimensions of my journey. The emotional plane is illustrated with a journal entry, and the intellectual through the meaning that I give to my experiences and the conclusions that I draw from them as a therapist. This paper is not a political statement but it does illustrate, I believe, the close and complicated relationship between what is public and what is personal.     

Jewish emigration from Israel

Issues raised by the emigration of Jews from Israel are discussed. The primary focus is on the debate within Israel concerning what measures could be taken to reduce emigration levels or to induce emigrants to return to Israel.     

Movement and structure as determinants of spatial representations

It was hypothesized that the cognitive representation of distances between locations in an environment is a function not only of the environment's structure, but also of a person's pattern of travel within the environment. In the present study subjects were exposed to an experimental environment in which some locations were separated either by an opaque or a transparent barrier and other locations were not separated by any barrier. As subjects learned where the locations were, they were required to follow a specific route that allowed travel between some locations in each category but not others. Afterward subjects were asked to reproduce from memory the separation between pairs of locations. The results supported the hypothesis. Recalled distance between locations was significantly affected by both movement patterns of subjects and structural aspects of the environment (type of barrier and actual separation between locations). These results are interpreted in terms of the types of information made available through particular movement patterns and the corresponding salience of that information.     

The influence of parental separation on smoking initiation in adolescents

Most adult smokers start smoking when they are adolescents and, the prevalence of smoking declines less than other unhealthy behaviors as people mature. Understanding why adolescents start smoking is, therefore, key to developing effective policy aimed at lowering the prevalence of smoking in both children and adults. In this study, I suggest that parental separation is one possible risk factor for smoking initiation. I use a nationally representative sample of American adolescents interviewed at two points in time to examine the influence of parental separation on smoking initiation. Two questions are addressed. First, is there a relationship between parental separation and the likelihood that an adolescent will initiate smoking? Second, if there is a relationship, through what factors does parental separation operate to influence the initiation of smoking in adolescents? My findings suggest that parental separation increases the likelihood that adolescents will start smoking. It does so in part by raising depressive symptoms and rebelliousness in adolescents. Despite the significance of these indirect effects, however, the bulk of the effect of parental separation on smoking initiation is direct.     

A test of distance-learning technology: an assessment study of the Open University Russia Project

Technological developments have created a revolution that challenges teaching in general, and in higher education in particular calls for a re-assessment of traditional teaching methodologies and their effectiveness. The article is an empirical study of the outcomes of a distance-learning project conducted by the Open University of Israel in states of the former Soviet Union (FSU). In 2008, over 5000 students from 11 FSU states participated in the Open University Russia Project. This study explores the characteristics of the participants, their reasons for participation and their expectations, their satisfaction with the project, the project's contribution to participants' knowledge and its impact on their ties to Judaism and Israel, their intention to emigrate to Israel and their desire to attend a higher education institution in Israel. Findings show that the distance-learning courses developed by the Open University and the learning method developed by the Open University made a significant contribution to the target population's knowledge in topics related to Judaism, the Jewish people and the State of Israel, and enhanced their desire to study in higher education programmes in Israel and to emigrate to Israel.     

My Home is Not My Castle: Follow-Up of Residents of Shelters for Homeless Youth

The paper presents a follow-up evaluation of Israel’s first two shelters for homeless youth. The main research questions were: (a) Did the youngsters achieve the shelters’ main goal of reaching a normative and suitable post-shelter residence? (b) How do the youngsters evaluate their stay at the shelter and its impact on them? (c) Is there a relationship between youngsters’ post-shelter residence and their evaluation of the shelter stay? Data on 345 youngsters were collected through follow-up telephone interviews with the youngsters, their parents, and community social workers. The findings indicate that the majority of these youngsters left the shelter to living arrangements that were normative but not necessarily fitting with their wishes and needs. Most of the youngsters were satisfied with the shelter, but no relationship was found between general satisfaction and achievement of the shelters’ declared goal. The discussion focuses on the significance of the findings with regard to the declared and operative goals of shelters.     

中东变局对以色列安全的影响

2011年的中东变局触动着以色列的敏感神经,中东变局将对以色列的安全环境造成不利影响。穆巴拉克政府垮台后,以色列担心埃以和平协议能否继续得到遵守。对于叙利亚的阿萨德政府的未来,以色列则抱有矛盾心态。以色列最担心的是伊朗扩大其影响,并加快核发展进程。以色列对这场变局总体上采取旁观立场,但也意识到继续推进巴以和平进程具有紧迫性。     

Minority Adolescents' Future Orientation: The Case of Arabs Living in Israel

This study examines Arab adolescents' future orientation toward their education, family plans, economic status, and social adjustment. Arab adolescents' future orientation is of interest since, presently, Israel is experiencing major internal and external political changes. The Arabs in Israel are a non-assimilating minority. They differ from the Jewish majority in language, religion, and nationality. Previous research has shown that Arab adolescents express hope for peace and fear of war between the two peoples living in Israel. With the new peace initiatives in Israel, the future is being painted in different colors, and it is interesting to explore how Arab adolescents perceive their future, both as adolescents and as Arabs. The sample consists of 662 twelfth-grade students from seven high schools throughout Israel. The questionnaire used is a version of the Offer Self-image Questionnaire (Offer, Ostrov, & Howard, 1981), but only the findings on future orientation are analyzed in the present study. These findings show significant differences in Arab adolescents' future orientation across gender, family size, level of religiosity, and father's education. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to the literature pertaining to adolescents' future orientation, particularly among minority groups, as well as the social, cultural, and educational transformation which the Arab population living in Israel is currently undergoing.