组织行为中自我效能感的研究综述

自我效能感是Bandura社会学习理论中的核心概念,自我效能感与相关工作行为的研究一直是组织行为学家的关注焦点,国内外研究者通过模拟实验、元分析、现场研究都得出了自我效能感与组织成员绩效、态度等存在这显著相关,但在两个向度、测量工具以及与工作态度关系等问题上仍存在分歧和争论。     

国内自我效能感的研究方法综述

目前,在我国有关自我效能感的研究已经涉及到了多个领域,具体有教育学领域、组织行为领域、心理健康领域,成为了心理学与社会学研究的热门问题,本文对国内自我效能感的研究方法进行了总结和归纳,其中包括问卷调查法、实验研究法、文献综述法和访谈法,论述了这些研究方法在自我效能感研究中的运用,最后,还对这些研究方法在自我效能感的研究上作出了展望。     

投资者自我效能感对股价波动的影响

本文在比较行为金融学领域相关研究的基础上,尝试性地引入认知心理学中自我效能感的概念,将股市视为一个大的组织,将投资者视为这个组织中的个体进行研究。文章不但研究了投资者自我效能感对股价波动的直接影响,而且将投资者分为机构和散户两类,考察信息不对称情形下自我效能感的权变影响。     

变革型领导对员工创新行为的影响研究——兼论组织认同与自我效能感的作用

探析变革型领导、组织认同及自我效能感对员工创新行为的影响及其作用机制,构建以组织认同为中介变量、自我效能感为调节变量的混合模型,采用随机抽样的方法进行问卷调查,运用工具软件对获取的有效问卷数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：变革型领导、组织认同、自我效能感及员工创新行为的得分都较高;变革型领导、组织认同及自我效能感均与员工创新行为显著正相关;变革型领导不仅直接影响员工创新行为,还能通过组织认同间接影响员工创新行为;自我效能感能显著调节变革型领导对员工创新行为的影响程度。     

组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响:创新自我效能感的中介作用

如何激发员工的创新行为已成为当前人力资源管理研究者与实践者共同面对的重要课题,本研究尝试从组织创新氛围和创新自我效能感这两个视角来回答这个问题。研究采用问卷调查法,通过对478名在职员工的调查,对组织创新氛围、创新自我效能感和员工创新行为之间的关系进行了分析。研究内容与实证结果包括:首先,实证检验了在中国情境下组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响;其次,在社会认知理论的基础上,实证检验了创新自我效能感对员工创新行为的影响,这是中国情景下的开拓性研究;最后,创造性地将创新自我效能感引入到组织创新氛围与员工创新行为的关系之中,构建并验证了组织创新氛围→创新自我效能感→员工创新行为作用机制模型,打开了组织创新氛围对员工创新行为的影响机制这一黑箱。这些研究成果不仅为社会认知理论提供了强有力的支持,还为后续研究提供了良好的研究视角和基础,对企业管理实践也具有重要的参考价值。     

应届生创业相关问题的研究

创业对于经济发展具有重要的作用,近年来,创业研究成为多学科交叉的热点领域。创造自我效能感和创业意向是创业行为中非常重要的影响要素。本研究主要探讨应届生创造自我效能感的结构与影响因素,探究创造自我效能感,创业意向对创业绩效的作用过程机制以及三者之间的关系。重点在于创造自我效能感与创业意向的关系。本研究的结论一方面可以为创业教育和政府工作带来新的思路,另一方面为大学生创造自我效能感的培养提供了建议并为其创业提供积极的指导。     

工业与组织心理学中的集体效能感

集体效能感是组织心理学中的一个重要的心理学概念。本文通过对集体效能感和自我效能感的概念对比,简要分析了集体效能感的影响效果,并对集体效能感在工业和组织心理学中所出现的问题加以论述和展望。     

创业效能感研究综述

创业效能感是自我效能感在创业领域的具体体现,即个体对自己是否有能力进行创业活动所具有的信念。本研究从创业效能感的内涵、维度和对其他创业活动的影响等几个方面对创业效能感的研究状况进行了分析,并展望了创业效能感的研究方向。     

差错管理氛围如何激发员工越轨创新——一个双中介模型的检验

基于三元交互理论、社会认知理论和资源保存理论,探究差错管理氛围对员工越轨创新行为的影响机制,验证创新自我效能感和心理安全感的中介效应。通过309份有效问卷,采用多元回归和Bootstrap等方法对模型进行实证检验。结果表明：差错管理氛围对员工越轨创新行为、创新自我效能感和心理安全感具有显著的正向影响,创新自我效能感在差错管理氛围与越轨创新之间起部分中介作用,员工心理安全感在差错管理氛围与越轨创新之间起部分中介作用。组织应在内部建立良好的差错管理氛围,应重视提高员工的创新自我效能感,激发员工的创造力,应密切关注员工的心理状态,增强员工的心理安全感。     

善于质疑辨析就会有高创造力吗:中国情境下的领导—成员交换的弱化作用

尽管在教育学、哲学、心理学等领域,批判性思维被广泛认为是决定个体创造力的重要个性变量,但却缺乏相关的实证研究,而关于这种关系的作用机理与传导机制的研究更是一片空白。本文试图从个体认识论的角度,将批判性思维这一概念引入管理学领域,通过211对直接领导—下属—同事的三方配对问卷调查,实证研究工作情景中批判性思维对员工创造力的影响,尤其是研究创新自我效能感的中介作用与领导—成员交换关系的调节作用。本文通过结构方程和回归分析发现,批判性思维与员工创造力显著正相关,创新自我效能感在两者之间起完全中介作用,而领导—成员交换在批判性思维与创新自我效能感之间起缓冲调节作用。     

变革型领导与下属工作绩效及组织承诺:心理资本的中介作用

探讨变革型领导影响下属的深层心理作用机制,即变革型领导是否会通过下属心理资本的中介作用对下属工作绩效和组织承诺产生影响。以230位MBA学员为样本,采用结构方程模型的方法分析了变革型领导行为、下属工作绩效、组织承诺以及下属心理资本各维度间的关系。研究结果表明,下属心理资本中的自我效能、希望和恢复力对变革型领导行为与下属工作绩效的关系起到中介作用;下属心理资本中的自我效能和恢复力对变革型领导行为与下属组织承诺的关系起到中介作用。     

Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Sales Performance

Self-efficacy theory predicts that people will perform better when they believe they have the skills necessary for success. It also suggests, however, that believing in long-term rewards for success ("response-outcome expectations") does not correlate with adequate performance. This paper supports the generality of self-efficacy theory and provides evidence that self-efficacy beliefs predict insurance sales performance, whereas response-outcome expectations did not. A questionnaire was developed to measure self-efficacy beliefs and response-outcome expectations using 200 insurance sales representatives. Regression analyses were computed on a different sample of 97 insurance sales representatives using four separate dependent variables (calls-per-week; number of policies sold; sales revenue and a composite performance index on which actual sales commission was based). (1) These analyses established a correlation (but no causal relationship) between self-efficacy beliefs and sales performance. (2) The generality of self-efficacy theory in a business setting is suggested by the relationship between self-efficacy and objective measures of sales performance. (3) The relevance of these results, and the importance of integrating them into the practice of organizational behavior modification is discussed.     

Burn-out as a crisis in self-efficacy: Conceptual and practical implications

This paper reviews the central role of self-efficacy expectations in a variety of approaches to organizational performance and management. It also explores the implications of self-efficacy for the study of psychological burn-out. It is proposed that conceptualizing burn-out as a crisis in self-efficacy would allow a more reasonable understanding of moderate instances of the syndrome, and would differentiate the concept of burn-out distinctly from the related field of occupational stress. The paper proposes the utility of a more specific construct of professional efficacy in light of the essential achievement experiences which occur in the workplace. It is proposed that a clearer delineation of the role of professional efficacy throughout these research approaches would enhance the coherence of the field. In conclusion the paper discusses implications for research and practice.     

Exploring teachers’ career self-management. Considering the roles of organizational career management,occupational self-efficacy,and learning goal orientation.

The current study examines how organizational career management – i.e. activities undertaken by schools in order to plan and manage teachers’ careers – relates to teachers’ career self-management – i.e. teachers steering their careers by means of searching for opportunities, networking, or seeking supervisory support. Moreover, it examines the mediating roles of occupational self-efficacy and learning goal orientation in this relationship. Mediation analysis in SPSS, using the PROCESS macro of survey data from 220 Dutch secondary school teachers, showed that positive relationships between organizational career management and career self-management were mediated by occupational self-efficacy and learning goal orientation.     

Propensity to adopt technological innovations: the impact of personal characteristics and organizational context

This study investigated how personal characteristics and organizational context are associated with strategic decision makers' intentions to adopt technological innovations. Positive significant relationships were found between hospital top managers' intentions to adopt potential innovations and risk propensity, self-efficacy, perceived organizational strategy, perceived information processing capacity, and perceived resource availability. The impact of personal and organizational factors on intentions to adopt, implications of our results, and future research directions are discussed.     

企业环境下个人获取知识和输出知识能力对组织公民行为影响的研究

很多研究者关注企业组织环境下个体如何获取和输出知识、以及个体获取和输出知识与其前因和结果的关系,但是,这些研究至少在以下两方面有待进一步完善:一是未考察个体获取和输出知识对组织公民行为的作用机制,二是鲜有研究将获取知识和输出知识同时纳入研究范畴中。本研究的目的正是希望针对以上问题,考察企业环境中个体获取知识能力和输出知识能力对于组织公民行为的影响机制。对216个样本的实证研究结果表明,个人获取知识能力能够提升个人组织公民行为,而且这种影响是通过输出知识能力的完全中介作用实现的。本研究结果不仅丰富了个体学习和组织学习的相关理论,而且为企业推动组织学习提供了新的思路:企业管理实践中,只有在组织中对人们"获取知识"和"输出知识"齐抓共管,才能更好地促进个体组织公民行为,更好地建设学习型组织,推动组织的可持续生存和健康和谐发展。     

分布式领导、组织支持感与新生代员工主动性-被动性创新行为:基于上下级关系和价值观匹配的交互调节效应

新生代员工正逐渐成为企业的主力军,其创新意识和行为直接影响着企业发展的前景与未来。本文基于中国文化和组织情境,从员工个体创新动机视角将新生代员工创新行为归为主动和被动,以306名新生代员工为研究对象,验证了分布式领导对新生代员工不同性质创新行为的作用机制。研究结果表明:分布式领导与新生代员工主动性创新行为呈正相关关系,与其被动性创新行为呈负相关关系;组织支持感在分布式领导与新生代员工主动性-被动性创新行为之间具有中介作用;上下级关系和价值观匹配正向调节分布式领导与新生代员工组织支持感之间的关系,并进一步检验了有调节的中介效应。此外,上下级关系和价值观匹配的交互项调节了分布式领导与新生代员工组织支持感之间的关系。本文研究为企业如何指导新生代员工进行有效的创新实践提供了经验证据。     

Can a leader be seen as too ethical? The curvilinear effects of ethical leadership

Ethical leadership predicts important organizational outcomes such as decreased deviant and increased organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). We argued that due to the distinct nature of these two types of employee behaviors, ethical leadership decreases deviance in a linear manner (i.e., more ethical leadership leading to less deviance), but we expected ethical leadership to reveal a curvilinear relationship with respect to OCB. Specifically, we expected that, at lower levels, ethical leadership promotes OCB. However, at high levels, ethical leadership should lead to a decrease in these behaviors. We also examined a mechanism that explains this curvilinear pattern, that is, followers' perceptions of moral reproach. Our predictions were supported in three organizational field studies and an experiment. These findings offer a better understanding of the processes that underlie the workings of ethical leadership. They also imply a dilemma for organizations in which they face the choice between limiting deviant employee behavior and promoting OCB.     

企业文化系统及其塑造研究

在心理契约与企业文化比较研究的基础上,以心理契约为基础,给出了企业文化的定 义,较系统地研究了企业文化理论;构建了企业文化系统模型,从塑造的角度解析了其维度构 成;并应用绩效报酬激励机制,提出建设企业强文化的方法. 最后,运用案例进行了实证分析