The Implications of State Governance for Effective Global Governance

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18^th Central Committee of the CPC put forward the goal of modernizing the state governance system and state governance capacity, research on state governance theory and practice has taken off in the Chinese academic community. However, very little research has been undertaken on the relationship between state governance and global governance. In an interdependent world where domestic and international boundaries are becoming ever more blurred, state and global governance are not just mutually connected and consistent; they also influence and constrain each other. This paper looks into the influence of state governance on global governance in terms of the differences and internal linkages between state and global governance, arguing that enhancing governance capacity is an effective way for China to participate in global governance, promote the transformation of global governance system, wield its influence as a major power, and boost its right of discourse.     

The Interplay between Global and State Governance: Theoretical Origins and Practical Reflections

Global governance largely grows out of the externalities in state governance. At present, global governance and state governance are integrated into a kind of “holistic governance” based on their interaction and interpenetration. Our understanding of their interplay can be traced back to ideas that developed from ancient Greek and Roman times to the early 20^th century. More recently, from the second half of the 20^th century, theories of the interaction between global and state governance essentially revolved around the externalities in state governance and efforts to overcome those externalities by designing an ideal world. Today, the interaction between global and state governance is of great practical significance, serving to inspire the establishment of a global order based on sharing, integration and symbiotic harmony. However, we should also be aware that this interaction may be converted by great powers to the service of their own interests. At present, China can help reshape the global governance order of the 21^st century by strengthening its own development, promoting benign interaction between global and state governance, actively harnessing the potential of its state governance capacity and sharing its experience and ideas.     

China's Approach to Dealing with Crisis and Change in Global Governance

The outbreak of the financial crisis in Europe and America in 2008 was a landmark event in the history of global governance. It showed that the international system and governance mechanism was unable to adapt to the new global situation or solve the new challenges and problems caused by the rapid development of globalization. Global governance needs to explore new ideas, new paths and new strategies. However, to advance the transformation and development of global governance, in-depth cooperation by the great powers is not all that is involved; also inevitable are the redistribution of international power, interests and responsibilities, contradictory global concepts and fierce competition among the great powers. The next five to ten years are a key period both for the transformation and development of global governance and for China's full-scale rise. The latter is not only a process of China's integration into the global governance system but also a process whereby China influences global governance reform. China should seize the opportunity of the global governance crisis and changes to promote benign interaction between China and the world and should become an advocate, designer, shaper and leader in the improvement of the global governance system, focusing on the construction of national governance, the governance of East Asia, global governance and the governance of certain advantageous fields. Its active assumption of the historic mission of the new era of globalization has laid a solid foundation for China to grow into a great major country.     

国际制度与和谐世界的构建

和谐世界的理念体现着人们在价值层面上对于建构世界新秩序的一种追求。它的实现不但需要国际关系民主化为其提供程序上的支持,更需要相应的制度保障来使之成为可能。而国际制度由于能够在特定范围内加速制度内的信息流动,促成了不同层次的国际合作的实现;并通过提供必要的公共物品以实现全球事务治理的有效途径,大大降低行为体国际交往的成本,保持了国际关系的连续性,从而能够从制度上为和谐世界的构建提供了保障。     

Towards a Public Management Paradigm for Global Governance: An Analysis Based on an Issue-Actor-Mechanism Framework

The concept of global governance first appeared in research on international political governance in the early 1990s. At the time much of the theoretical research on global governance was to some extent isolated from the realities of world development, but since the beginning of the 21th century, global governance research has been turning to real world issues, We propose the construction, from a public management perspective, of a governance “i ssue-act or-mec ha ni sm” fram ework. T hi s sees postwar gl oba l governance practice as the old paradigm. The paper points out that the rapid global development after the end of the Cold War has had a crucial impact on the traditional governance paradigm, followed by the emergence of new global governance issues and changes in new governance actors resulting from the changing world of the last twenty or thirty years which have led to the failure of traditional governance mechanisms. These “issue-actor-mechanism” changes are closely interlocked, and hence require a new global governance paradigm that can reflect the complex interconnections of governance issues, actors and mechanisms. We thus need to reexamine and refresh our perceptions of the world and open up a new research agenda.     

Global Governance and State Governance: Two Strategic Considerations in Contemporary China

Governance is a kind of holistic governance and the notion of governing holistically should be established. The holisticity of governance is reflected in the unity and coordination between value rationality and instrumental rationality, normative appeal and practical appeal as well as global governance and state governance. Global and state governances are two strategic considerations in contemporary China. Actively participating in global governance and rationally promoting state governance is the rational choice of contemporary China, which plays a unique and significant role in realizing the social transformation and national rejuvenation and modernization of contemporary China. Deepening state governance with the help of global governance and promoting global governance with the support of state governance is the basic idea and dimension of understanding and grasping the interaction, coordination and overall planning between the two. The restrictions and effects of global governance on state governance are mainly reflected in such considerations as objects, mechanisms, concepts and interests of governance, and modernization of state governance system and improvement of governance capacity can promote and deepen global governance in a more effective way.     

和谐社会语境下的互联网发展与治理

互联网的健康发展有利于加强对公权力行使的高效监督与约束,有利于促进私权利的快速发展与实现。但互联网在发展中也存在着诸如网络暴力横行,单边、不良和垃圾信息泛滥,个人信息资料遭泄露,大肆侵犯著作权,滋生网络无政府主义等问题,均不利于互联网本身的健康发展与社会和谐,因而有必要加强对互联网的治理。而互联网治理的基本路径可以概括为政府与民间互动,全球国际组织与主权国家协作,技术手段与规范手段并举,全方位、多角度、多层次治理。     

The Global Governance of Terrorism: An Assessment of Different Regimes*

Breakthroughs in the global governance of terrorism depend mainly on the development on the part of the international community of thorough and effective mechanisms. At present, global governance targets terrorism via four regimes: hegemonic governance; governance by international organizations; hybrid governance; and coordinated governance by major powers. These strategies have made a contribution to counter-terrorism, but they do have shortcomings. We start with the judgment that governance entities should adhere to the logic of consequences, the logic of appropriateness, the logic of emotion and the logic of habitus, and on this basis make a preliminary assessment of the global governance of terrorism. Present terrorism governance regimes tend to be based on the thinking of the logic of consequences with only partial implementation of the logic of appropriateness and no use, so far, of counterterrorism measures based on the logic of emotion and the logic of habitus. To address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism, international society should encourage governance strategies that implement counter-terrorism measures based on the four types of logic above and should promote coordination and cooperation based on this platform. In this course, China could promote a more significant role in global terrorism governance for such counter-terrorism platforms as the United Nations, including the Security Council, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.     

全球治理:中国不干涉政策与国际法

一直以来,独立自主的和平外交政策是中国政府开展对外关系的基石,集中体现为坚定奉行不干涉政策。随着经济全球化进程以及中国"走出去"战略的不断推进,一方面,中国国家利益开始遍布海外,并与他国利益相互交织在一起;另一方面,中国参与全球治理也需要让渡部分主权性权利。越来越多的人认为,中国政府一味机械地固守不干涉政策似乎显得有点陈腐和过时。因此,在继续恪守不干涉他国内部事务和尊重他国主权等国际法基本原则的基础上,中国政府需要适时和灵活地调整以往对外严格奉行的不干涉政策,积极而创造性地介入国际事务,这对于其在新时期担负起"负责任大国"的角色、参与塑造新的世界秩序以及促进当代国际法的发展都具有十分重要的战略意义。     

金融全球化与“股东导向型”公司治理制度的跨国传播——对中国公司治理改革的社会学分析

自20世纪80年代以来,由于金融全球化和美式“股东资本主义”的兴起,“股东导向型”公司治理制度在全世界的影响越来越大,被誉为最佳公司治理模式或“国际惯例”。它不但影响了德、日等发达国家,也影响了中国等发展中国家和转型国家的公司治理改革。本文认为,“股东导向型”公司治理制度在中国的传播主要由内生性和外生性两大动机驱动,经过两个阶段和通过三种机制完成。第一阶段是在跨国层面,“模仿性同构”机制和“规范性同构”机制发挥了重要作用;第二阶段是在国内企业层面,政府通过法律法规和政策等手段要求企业采用新的公司治理模式,即“强制性同构”机制发挥了主导作用。对中国公司治理改革的社会学分析有助于我们从一个不同于经济学和管理学的新视角加深对中国金融市场和上市公司的理解,对于反思西方新自由主义企业制度,构建具有中国特色的现代企业制度具有较为重要的理论和现实意义。     

The Influence of Global Governance upon State Governance*

The constant deepening of globalization is bringing all countries into the same global village, and intensified the coordination, interaction and mutual checks of global and state governance. Global governance advocates the whole of the interdependent destiny and common interests of mankind, and the extension of shared national responsibilities, challenges and risks to the whole globe instead of restricting them to certain regions or countries. Global governance is increasingly exerting a profound influence upon state governance in many respects, among them values, concepts, mechanisms, structures and actors, and is giving an external impetus to the modernization of state governance.     

构建人类命运共同体与国际治理人才培养

当今世界面临百年未有之大变局,逆全球化思潮、保护主义、区域主义和单边主义愈演愈烈,多边机制受到严重冲击,加强全球治理、推进全球治理体系变革势在必行。习近平总书记构建人类命运共同体的重要思想,是我国引领时代潮流和人类文明进步的鲜明旗帜,是对国际社会的重要贡献。推动构建人类命运共同体是一项伟大的系统工程,需要加快国际治理人才的培养。国际治理人才不仅需要较强的语言能力和渊博的专业知识,而且更需要自觉的家国情怀、崇高的理想抱负和真正的全球视野。需要从国家层面制定相应的政策和措施,重视国际治理人才的培养,更要重视国际治理人才的使用。     

刍议全球治理理论与当代国际法的交互性影响

全球治理理论的勃兴给现代国际法理论与实践既带来了新的挑战,也创造了前所未有的机遇。国际法作为调节国际社会行为主体之间关系的法律规范和制度,对全球治理的实现起着重要的规范作用;同时,国际法也应积极适应全球化的潮流,使其和全球治理理论在交流与互动过程中得到共同发展。尽管全球治理的理论范式还存在不尽合理与完善的地方,但它已经并将继续深刻影响未来国际社会的发展方向。     

论艾滋病防治的全球治理：基于全球基金的例证

全球化促进各国经济增长的同时,也带来了艾滋病的全球扩散,对艾滋病防治模式提出了新的挑战。全球治理以其跨国界行为主体、共同价值基础、多元权力结构以及善治目标的优势,成为全球艾滋病防治的最新途径。全球基金成功运作的经验充分证明,要实现艾滋病全球防治的目标,必须构建公共卫生的全球治理机制,促进各国政府艾滋病防治模式的转变,推动全球各类企业积极履行社会责任,提升国际和国内非政府组织的能力建设,并发挥其应有作用。     

中等国家与全球多边治理

尽管中等国家的概念内涵存在争议,但是它们在国际社会中的地位、利益、共有观念和认同等使其成为塑造全球多边治理的重要力量。中等国家可根据不同情势,灵活选择个体主义、社会交往及制度主义方式中的一种或多种,旨在实现全球多边治理的系列目标和努力提升它们在国际舞台上的话语权和影响力。从现实层面来看,多边主义是中等国家在准确定位自身能力之后而形成的"利他"与"利己"彼此交错的优先选择,但这种选择面临着巨大的挑战。     

治理:社区建设的新视野

文章先简要介绍治理理论提出的历史、治理理论的涵义及主要论点、治理与统治概念的区别,然后由治理理论推导出社区治理的概念及其涵义,通过对国内社区治理相关研究成果的梳理和实践经验的总结,得出“由社会控制到社区治理的转变是社区建设的需要和必然”的结论,从而为我国十一五规划提出的“建设社会主义和谐社会”、“加强社会建设和完善社会管理体系”目标的实现提供新的理论视野。     

National Governance Quotient: The Foundation of Big Data-based National Governance

A nation’s rise or fall hinges, to some extent, upon its national governance quotient. National governance quotient, or NGQ, is a quantitative indicator measuring the governance level of a country in quotient form. Its value is the ratio of the national governance system and capacity to national governance costs, and its nature is that of an amalgam of national governance ideas and techniques quantified on the basis of the figures. It is advanced because its inner core lies in logic and computation, and it is scientific because it is guaranteed by technology platforms such as big data and cloud computing. The formulation of NGQ provides technical support and a basis for the transformation from experiential or experimental governance to quantitative, scientific governance, and it thus has great theoretical and practical significance for the modernization of national governance system and capacity. As well as being used to provide quantitative management of national governance modernization, NGQ can also be used as a measurement standard and key symbol for evaluating the modernization of China’s national governance by 2020. Furthermore, it can be used to compile a World NGQ Report with the aim of taking hold of international governance discourse, as well as to compile China local NGQ reports to improve local governance in China.     

东盟国家的气候治理合作：现状与问题

气候变化是全球性的,区域气候治理合作是解决气候变化问题的有效途径。东盟十国具有相似的地理、经济、政治文化背景,合作往来日益密切。东盟国家积极投入,共同参与气候治理合作,建立了合理有效的气候治理机制,开展的气候治理项目不仅局限于东盟内部,更包含了国际间的合作与协助。东盟气候治理合作开展以来,主要有实施力度有限、成效不明显、气候治理技术方面的研究不足等问题。和平合作是解决气候变化问题的唯一道路,和则双赢,争则双损。     

The Rule of Law Approach to Government Governance in China*

Chinese government governance involves the two dimensions of autonomy and co-governance. The process of moving from government management to government governance is a synchronous process of moving from government by a legal system to a “rule of law” government. Such governance coincides with the rule of law in terms of fundamental guarantees, governance frameworks, intrinsic values, external forms, goal pursuits and construction paths and lays the foundation for the realization of government governance. The multi-subject structure, multiplicity of rules and regulations, interaction of processes, diversity of modes and complexity of disputes in this form of governance place new demands on the construction of the rule of law. In response to these needs, we should improve the government’s functional orientation and the disposition of its powers by means of statute law; expand the types of administrative bodies and improve the laws on administrative organizations; enrich the sources of law; use consensus rules to improve controlling rules; be guided by interactivity in improving the administrative procedure system; normalize diversified administrative behavior; and establish multiple dispute resolution mechanisms and strengthen right relief. This will highlight the rule of law path taken by government governance. In the course of the integration and interaction of such governance with the rule of law, we will need to coordinate our responses to its latent risks, such as governance pitfalls and the limitations of the rule of law.     

The Chinese Logic of Consultative Governance

Contemporary China needs to change from a Western to a Chinese-style governance discourse so as to form and explore a consultative governance discourse with Chinese characteristics. This is profoundly evident in the following: the Marxist philosophy of the state is the theoretical premise of contemporary China’s consultative governance; traditional Chinese thought on governance and practice are the soil in which contemporary Chinese consultative governance grows; socialism with Chinese characteristics is the realm in which contemporary Chinese consultative governance exists; the masses under the leadership of the CPC are the necessary subjects of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; and the target of contemporary Chinese consultative governance is a multi-layered and diverse existence. Realization of national governance through consultative democracy is the basic form of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; the balanced development of public, collective and individual interests is the basic objective of contemporary Chinese consultative governance; the basic principles of contemporary Chinese consultative governance are equality, inclusiveness and peace; and the criteria for assessing contemporary Chinese consultative governance are authority, consensus, institutions and the rule of law. Guided by the Marxist view of the state, rooted in the tradition of China’s fine political culture, and founded on the theoretical and practical claims of socialism with Chinese characteristics, socialist consultative governance with Chinese characteristics constitutes the Chinese form of contemporary governance theory.