中小企业金融支持政策的思考

随着我国经济体制改革的深入,中小企业得到了迅猛发展,成为国民经济中一支重要的生力军。最新统计结果显示,我国现有中小企业3980万户,占全部企业总数的99%,占全部企业销售收入、利税、就业人数、出口额的比率分别为60%、40%、75%、60%,中小企业已成为中国经济新的增长点。然而,我国中小企业普遍面临融资难的问题。因此,完善中小企业融资机制,制定符合我国国情的中小企业金融政策已经成为一个值得研究的重要课题。中小企业融资困境分析中小企业的融资困境可以用“双缺口”来概括。所谓“双缺口”就是“权益资本融资缺口”和“债务资本融资缺…     

整合中小企业未来发展之道——CHINA HRKEY发布《中国中小企业人力资源管理白皮书》

CHINA HRKEY研究中心目前做出一项调查,目前我国注册登记的中小企业已超过1000万家,占全部注册企业数的9成;中小企业工业总产值和实现利税分别占全国企业总数的60%和40%左右。中小企业提供了     

中小企业农民工职业安全存在的问题及应对策略

据《中国统计年鉴》显示,2002年底,我国的企业法人单位为302．6万户,其中中小企业有300．7万户,占了99．4％。据测算,我国国内生产总值的50.5％、工业新增产值的76．6％、社会销售额的57．1％、税收的43．2％、出口总额的60％由中小企业提供。但由于各种主客观原因,中小企业的事故多发,其安全生产状况很不理想。自改革开放以来,农村富余劳动力逐渐进入了中小企业,他们在中小企业中从事的是一些“城里人”不愿意干的苦、重、     

新疆中小企业信用担保公司运作的功能缺陷及改进对策

中小企业融资难是一个世界性的问题。而我国西部中小企业由于经济体制改革滞后所带来的制约因素和由于缺乏基本融资规定所带来的不利影响,使得中小企业的融资问题表现得更为复杂。据对新疆7家商业银行2001年对中小企业贷款申请和发放情况的调查,2001年共接受企业贷款4226笔,实际发放贷款3477笔,在未发放的749笔中由于企业不符合贷款条件的为592笔。而这592笔中由于担保、抵押不落实的就有96笔,占16.2%;而自身缺乏担保资产而又难找到第三方担保而导致贷不上款的企业,已占中小企业的67%。新疆中小企业信用担保公司运作功能缺陷透视新疆中小企…     

论老年住房的改造

联合国规定,一个国家(或地区)65岁以上的老年人在总人口中所占比例超过7%,便为“老年型”国家(或地区)。当前,在全世界190多个国家和地区中约有60个已进入“老年型”社会,人口老龄化已成为全球性的共同社会问题。2000年第五次人口普查资料反映出我国人口老龄化进程正在加快:0～14岁人口比1990年人口普查下降了4.8个百分点;65岁及以上人口占总人口的比重为6.96%,比1990年第四次全国人口普查上升1.39个百分点,而且老龄人数正以每年3.2%的速度增长,预计21世纪中叶我国老年人数可能达到4亿人。因此如何创造适宜老人居住和生活的环境,是应对老龄…     

我国中小企业划分标准出台

2003年3月7日,由国家经贸委、国家计委、国家财政部、国家统计局共同研究制订的《中小企业标准暂行规定》正式对外发布,用这个标准衡量,目前我国的中小企业约有800多万家,占内地企业总数的99%以上。《规定》根据企业的职工人数、销售额、资产总额等指标,结合行业特点,分别对工业、建筑业、交通运输业、邮政业、批发和零售业、住宿和餐饮业等领域制定了划分标准。例如,工业领域中小型企业标准为:职工人数2000人以下,或销售额3亿元以下,或资产总额4亿元以下;建筑业中小型企业标准为:职工人数3000人以下,或销售额3亿元以下,或资产总额4亿元以下…     

我国中小企业电子商务模式探析

一、中小企业的界定及作用 在我国,中小加工企业是指职工人数在2000人以内,或年销售额在3亿元以下的企业,其资产总额为4亿万元以下的企业也属于中小企业. 中小企业是我国国民经济的重要组成部分.截至2008年底,我国中小企业和非公有制企业的数量已经超过4800多万户.     

中小企业融资难的探索

中小企业在我国经济社会发展中具有举足轻重的作用。统计资料显示：目前全国中小企业超过480万家．占全国企业总数的99．8％，创造的最终产品和服务的价值占全国GDP的58、5％。中小企业就业人数占到总就业人数的75％，在美国把中小企业称为“就业机器”。众所周知，一个地区经济收入增长的重要源泉就是来自工业化，而工业化要持久就必须发展中小企业，同时中小企业还具有重要的产业配套功能。但是由于其规模相对较小、     

中小企业互助信用担保机构的风险分析及防范对策

所谓中小企业互助担保机构,是由一定区域内中小企业自愿组成,以会员企业出资为主,为会员企业提供融资担保服务的担保机构。这种新形式的信用担保贷款机构,在我国呈迅速发展势态,截止2007年底,全国互助担保公司已达220家。担保业务占全国信用担保业务总量的6％。作为我国中小企业“一体两翼”信用担保体系一部分的互助信用担保机构,以满足中小企业急、     

中国发展长期机构看护及其社会影响的研究

这是对中国首都北京近来发展机构看护老年人情况所进行的一次调查。中国目前已有10％的人口达到了60岁或60岁以上，而65岁及65岁以上人口所占比例已达6．96％。预测显示，到2020年65岁及65岁以上人口将     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.