国际比较视域下我国小城镇的建设与发展

提高我国小城镇建设质量,对于新型城镇化建设和经济社会发展有重要意义。对国际小城镇建设模式进行比较分析,可知发达国家的成功经验:科学规划引导;政府行为与市场机制有效运用;环境保护优先。拉美发展中国家教训:城镇化进程过快过急;流动人口过于集中在大城市;城镇化体系不健全。对我国小城镇建设的启示:因地制宜、坚持多样化和特色化;提高小城镇建设水平;注重城乡统筹,走可持续发展之路。我国小城镇建设模式多种多样,但面临粗放发展、布局松散、体制障碍、社会保障滞后等难题。我国小城镇建设提高质量的路径选择:明确定位;有特色;集约、环保、生态;发展主导产业;配套改革。     

加快中西部小城镇建设,促进区域经济协调发展

本文从分析小城镇的特殊区位条件入手,指出小城镇在我国中西部经济发展中的积极作用;并在分析了影响小城镇发展因素的基础上,提出了加速中西部小城镇建设的具体措施.     

发展小城镇社区服务

社会主义市场经济条件下,小城镇社区建设引人关注,社区服务工作越来越显示出它的优越地位和重要作用。社区服务的好坏,直接影响小城镇的经济发展,完善的社区服务能够为小城镇经济发展提供良好的社会环境,促进小城镇经济的发展;薄弱的社区服务因制约不了社区不安定因素,导致这些不安定因素阻碍小城镇经济的发展。     

小城镇在英国工业革命中的发展

英国工业革命期间小城镇发展历程表明,小城镇在国家的现代化过程中起着不可或缺的作用,它们始终是联结大城市和农业的纽带。工业化和城市化进程对小城镇的发展既是一个机遇又是一个挑战,小城镇的发展受到多种因素的制约,小城镇经济不能单纯依赖于传统的市场交易,而必须促使小城镇的经济因素多元化,坚持和发展自己的专业特色是小城镇生存和发展的又一个关键。     

对小城镇建设的理论思考

在我国城市化过程中心,小城镇的发展具有特殊重要的意义,它是中国城市化道路的现实选择,小城镇的建设要遵循与小城镇的规划建设和规划管理相结合的原则;遵循与农村剩余劳动力转移相结合的原则。小城镇规模与区域自然资源环境容量相适应才能对经济发展产生最佳效益。建设现代化的小城镇,不在于高楼大厦林立,而在于突出自己的风格和特色。     

甘肃省小城镇社区体育存在的问题及解决对策

甘肃省小城镇社区体育存在着对社区体育认识不足,社区体育政策法规、组织管理不健全,社区体育基础设施匮乏,体育活动环境较差、社区体育指导员队伍薄弱等问题。解决这些问题应从增强体育观念意识入手,进一步调动小城镇社区体育指导的志愿者的积极性;充分发挥农村学校体育教师、小城镇企业和学校对小城镇社区体育发展的促进作用。     

强镇扩权:浙江省近年来小城镇政府管理体制改革的实践

发展小城镇是实现我国农村现代化和城镇化,解决"三农"问题的必由之路。现行的乡镇行政管理体制成为制约小城镇发展的制度瓶颈。改革乡镇政府体制,加快小城镇发展,已经成为学界和政界的共识。在我国民营经济最发达、市场化改革"先行一步"的浙江省,近年来因地制宜地实施了以增强重点镇(中心镇)权能为中心的小城镇管理体制改革试点,并在试点的基础上,于近期全面推开了以"强镇扩权(中心镇培育工程)"为内容的小城镇政府管理体制改革。这一改革给沿海经济发达地区小城镇的发展注入了新的活力,必将推动小城镇的建设和发展,对推进新农村建设、统筹城乡发展,具有积极的推动作用。     

大城市化的弊端及其限制因素

<正> 在中国城市化道路讨论的最初几年中,重点发展小城镇是主潮流。特别是1984年著名社会学家费孝通教授发表了《小城镇,大问题》(见《江海学刊》1984年第1期)后,在学术界、城市规划部门以至决策层引起了很大反响,把小城镇论推到顶峰。但是,随着经济改革和商品经济的发展,经济效益日益成为人们衡量事物的标尺。充分发挥中心城市作用已被提到议事日程,并且已成为     

关中经济带小城镇建设发展思路探讨——西安临潼区新丰小城镇建设现状分析及设想

新丰镇被国家确定为全国小城镇建设试点单位,其发展有着较好的区位优势和有利条件,同时也有制约其发展的不利因素.我们对新丰小城镇建设进行长期的实际调查,探讨其依托区位和交通优势,积极接纳中心城市的产业转移,大力发展商贸、仓储、物流等服务业.同时,积极调整产业结构,以工业化、专业化促进农业产业化的发展.为新丰小城镇建设提出切合实际的设想方案.新丰小城镇建设的成功实践,为处于同一区位的关中经济带小城镇发展提供可资借鉴的依据.关中经济带小城镇发展要立足实际,发挥优势,循序渐进,强化特色,只有这样,才能从根本上改变关中经济带城乡社会"二元经济结构",促进城乡经济协调发展.     

对小城镇建设问题的逆向思考

小城镇建设一哄而起,缺少对周边地区的带动作用,出现了"泛化"问题,原因是不以市场为资源配置的基础,而是单纯靠行政行为.解决小城镇建设资金不足的问题不能单凭摊派和集资,要本着"谁投资,谁受益"的原则,引进外资和社会各方投资.不能只是片面强调小城镇发展的重要而忽视大中城市,无论从产出效益或辐射作用看,大中城市的作用是小城镇所无法替代的,小城镇建设必须与大中城市发展相协调.     

洞庭湖区小城镇建设与发展问题研究

洞庭湖区是国家重要的商品粮棉油基地.改革开放20年来,其小城镇建设取得了较大的成就,但也存在着薄弱环节乡、镇布局有欠合理;基础设施亟待改善;地域性经济功能尚需加强.因此,应高度重视湖区得天独厚的战略地位及优越的自然条件,采取下述发展对策采用"大稳定、小调整"策略,分阶段、有步骤、积极稳妥地撤乡并镇,建立地域性中心小城镇;治理环境污染,镇政建设要具有湖乡特色;以中心小城镇为依托,建立以农业生产为主体的多维度经济发展模式;创立具有全新内涵的现代经济组织形式,建立湖区经济与市场的新型关系;充分利用湖区的自然景观,开发万里长堤的旅游价值.     

陕西经营小城镇初探

“经营小城镇”就是把市场经济的经营意识、经营机制、经营主体、经营方式等引入小城镇建设,对小城镇范围内的社会经济资源进行优化整合,使小城镇经济效益、社会效益和政治效益达到整体的协调一致。针对陕西省小城镇建设中缺乏规划、规模偏小、投资不足、管理低下等问题,应该高起点规划小城镇,将土地资产转化为资本,建立多元化投资体系,创建小城镇品牌,树立城镇形象。     

Urbanization in China and the Coordinated Development Model—The case of Chengdu

China's urbanization faces two greatest difficulties of creating non-farm jobs to “landless farmers” and providing required amenities and social services to urbanites-to-be. In the earlier phase of development, TVE employment had provided important relief to the job pressure. Later, the “Small-city Strategy” that emphasized forming towns and small cities around where rural population resided successfully deterred rural population's entry into large cities. Today, China is implementing a Coordinated Development between the urban and rural sectors, aiming to reach a balanced development between the two sectors by making not only large cities more welcoming to rural migrants but also the small cities, towns, and areas where rural population now reside harder to leave. At the core of the coordination are three concentrations of rural residents, farmland, and firms, intended to help rural residents to settle in large cities, small cities and towns, as well as new residential areas in the countryside, to de-segment land to realize economies of scale, and to gather firms of a same industry in organized industrial areas to gain agglomeration economies and create non-farm jobs. This article examines the trajectory of China's urbanization, analyzes the working mechanism of the Coordinated Development model, and investigates Chengdu's practice of the Coordinated Development, which will help to provide insights into the new developments in China's urbanization.     

加强城乡规划工作,引导中国城镇化健康发展

市场经济的发展使城市在区域之间、城镇之间、城乡之间的经济社会联系加强,中心城市在区域经济发展中的辐射带动作用不断提高,城镇密集地区在区域经济发展发挥着重要作用。因此,加强城乡规划工作,引导中国城镇化健康发展在当前显得尤为重要。     

Policy, management, and political activities: A current evaluation of the time allocations of mayors and managers in small cities and towns

This study examines executive time allocations in cities and towns with populations between 2,500 and 25,000. The majority of previous research has focused on municipalities with populations greater than 50,000. Do mayors and managers in small municipalities spend the same amount of time on policy, management, and political activities as their counterparts in larger municipalities? Four-hundred-sixty-seven surveys from mayors and city managers are evaluated, and the data reveal that a significant relationship between form of government and the time these individuals devote to policy, management, and political activities does exist. This analysis confirms that managers in small cities and towns do spend more time on policy and management activities, and less time on political activities than mayors in small cities and towns. Also, the research demonstrates that differences in time devoted to these three activities can be seen when small and large municipalities are compared.     

‘You don't want to be a check‐out chick all your life’: The out‐migration of young people from Australia's small rural towns

Globalisation and changes in agriculture have resulted in major social changes in inland Australia. Depopulation of the inland has led many to speculate on the future of rural towns and rural people. This paper will examine population drifts from country towns to cities and from the inland to the coastal regions and, in particular, the out‐migration of young people. In doing this, the paper focuses on several small towns in central New South Wales that have been the subject of intensive study during 2000 and 2001. Drawing on analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics figures, in‐depth interviews and focus groups with key informants and surveys with young people and their parents in small rural communities the paper will report on the loss of young people and the greater loss of young women from these areas. It is argued that this outmigration of young people is linked to the need to seek higher education and also to the loss of full‐time jobs for young people. The loss of these jobs is the result of changes in agricultural production, labour market restructuring and a withdrawal of public and private sector services. It is further argued that current reliance by governments on market based and community self‐help solutions is not enough to provide a future for rural communities. Even if economic growth occurs this will not solve the problem of loss of young people, and the greater loss of young women, nor will it address the issue of access to education and training. Rather far greater attention to human capital (access to education, training and employment), institutional capital (government and non‐government services and infrastructure) and social capital (strong networks) is needed if Australia's small rural towns are to survive and flourish.     

明清以来的市镇:中国城镇化发展的历史因缘

本文致力于厘清关于市镇研究的理论传统,对明清以来市镇的演变在经济、社会和政治等多个层面进行考察。从经济层面看,市镇是连接地方性市场和世界体系的节点,并越来越具有超层级、跨区域和金融化的特点;从社会层面看,市镇是有层级、有组织的,并具有很强的包容性;从政治层面看,它是地方自治化和国家政权建设的着力点。在社会结构中的中间性质是市镇的本质特征。社会学对于市镇的研究必须将其看作一种总体性的社会事实,在对生命体验、生活智慧、伦理道德、乡风民俗等民情因素进行调查研究的前提下,考察其与具体制度和社会结构之间的关联。     

论政府在城镇基础设施建设中的角色定位

自公共物品理论提出以来,城镇基础设施就一直被认为是典型的"公共物品"。而传统的不区分"政府生产"和"政府供给"的"公共物品政府提供"意识已使我国现阶段城镇基础设施供需矛盾日益突出:在需求迅速增加的同时,供给存在着投资意识薄弱、投资主体单一、资金缺乏和市场有效竞争不足等缺陷。为此,必须重新定位政府在城镇基础设施行业中的角色作用,转变和创新政府职能,尤其是进行制度创新,确保城镇基础设施最终得以供应的同时,引入有效的市场竞争机制。     

Mutual benefit societies in Indonesia

We do not know when or how mutual benefit societies first appeared in colonial Indonesia, but there is evidence that they were part of the lives of at least some of the ordinary people in the towns and cities by the last quarter of the nineteenth century. By the 1910s they were common in workplaces and kampung, the often less than salubrious parts of the towns and cities where wage labourers and their families lived. Large numbers of people joined and some of them handled significant sums of money. For many people, they were an essential help in coping with daily life on small incomes with no capacity to save and with the ever-present threat of loss of work, sickness or death. The relationships between mutual benefit societies, labour unions political parties and other voluntary organizations which would contribute to Indonesian nationalism is of particular interest. Clearly, to be involved in, and to be seen to be involved in, mutual aid was important for all these urban organizations.¹