Gains and losses of migrants and income through intercounty migration in the U.S., 1992–1993

Migration alters both the origin and destination of migrants in a variety of ways. This study uses data recently made available by the Internal Revenue Service to document gains and losses of both persons and income accruing to counties in the United States as a result of internal migration between 1992 and 1993. The degree to which migration alters the size of a county's population as well as the amount of income received in that county is assessed by means of effectiveness rates which are ratios of net flows to total flows. The majority of counties, especially those in the South and West gained both migrants and income during the period; losses were confined largely to the Northeast, Great Plains and California. Counties at the edges of large metropolitan areas gained income even more rapidly than people; counties containing large central cities lost income even faster than they lost migrants. Amenity-laden recreational and retirement counties were also among those who gained both people and income via migration. Overall, these results indicate an exacerbation of demographic and economic differences between regions as well as within metropolitan areas.     

Popular economic narratives advancing the longest U.S. expansion 2009–2019

The U.S. economic expansion since 2009 is the longest on record since 1854, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research Business Cycle Dating Committee. This paper seeks to understand this phenomenon better by looking at the time paths of popular narratives over this interval, of stories that people have been telling that offer clues into their economic behavior. Six constellations of narratives are studied, identified by keywords “Great Depression,” “secular stagnation,” “sustainability,” “housing bubble,” “strong economy,” and “save more.”     

Cross-border school enrolment: Associated factors in the U.S.–Mexico borderlands

This paper examines students who live in Mexico but attend school in the U.S., and looks into the factors associated with their decision to study abroad. Based on Mexico’s 2015 Intercensal Survey, cross-border students are described in terms of their number, location, educational level and socioeconomic characteristics. Subsequently, the study estimates probit models to analyze the factors associated with studying in the United States. Cross-border students are mainly U.S.-born and concentrated in Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez. The probability of being a cross-border student is positively associated with age, household income and having a household member who was born in the U.S. or is a cross-border worker. Cross-border students come from high-income households with strong ties to the United States. The decision to study in the U.S. is likely taken due to the higher quality of the country’s education system and to facilitate an eventual transition into the U.S. labor market.     

The political economy of U.S. economic performance: is the president responsible?

A recurring theme in electoral politics is that American voters hold the president responsible for the state of the economy. Ironically, many Presidency scholars argue that presidents are ill equipped to manage the economy because other variables compete with and complicate the effects of fiscal policy. These include international variables, private market forces, and monetary policy, among others. Using simultaneous equation methods, we examine the direct and indirect effects of fiscal policy on economic performance while controlling for a variety of other determinants of economic performance. We find that fiscal policy plays a significant role in influencing unemployment and economic growth in the United States, even after controlling for a variety of other determinants of economic performance. We close by discussing the importance of linking the econometric modeling literature with the literature on presidential management of the economy.     

U.S.Policy toward China and the Question of Recognition in 1949-1950

InaconversationwithPresidentHarryS.Trumanon17November1949,U.S.SecretaryofStateDeanAchesonsaidthereweretwoobjectivesofU.S.policytowardChina:OnemightbetoopposetheCommunistregime,harassit,needleitandifanopportunityappearedtoattempttooverthrowit.AnotherobjectiveofpolicywouldbetoattempttodetachitfromsubserviencetoMoscowandoveraperiodoftimeencouragethosevlgorousinfluenceswhichmightmodifvit....ThissecondalternativedidnotmeanapolicyanymorethanithadinthecaseofTito.1WiththesewordsAchesonenunciat…     

What is moral sanctity? Sanctity in the moral worldviews of U.S. political liberals

The moral worldviews of liberals and conservatives in the United States have been extensively studied in the political sphere, revealing the peripheral role of sanctity in the worldviews of liberals. This paper provides a commentary on this previous research and then presents a qualitative study that seeks to explore liberals’ personal meanings of sanctity from a more grounded approach. Liberals’ personal experiences of sanctity involved bodily contamination, interpersonal breaches, and lack of self-control. To further interpret these findings, we situate them in the context of two constructs measured quantitatively, namely, moral perceptions of sanctity violations and transcendental self-concepts. Results suggest that overall, certain forms of sanctity are meaningful within liberals’ moral understandings, but these sanctity concerns may obtain their significance alongside other moral concerns. Findings help to illuminate what moral sanctity means to political liberals in the United States and the multiple ways that sanctity can be moralized by different groups.     

Does financial development affect income inequality in the U.S. States?

This paper examines the role of financial development on U.S. state-level income inequality in the 50 states from 1976 to 2011, using fixed-effect estimation. We find robust results whereby financial development linearly increases income inequality for the 50 states. When we divide 50 states into two separate groups of above-average and below-average inequality states than the cross-state average inequality, the effect of financial development on income inequality appears non-linear. When financial development improves, the effect increases at an increasing rate for above-average income-inequality states, whereas an inverted U-shaped relationship exists for below-average income-inequality states. To our knowledge, this paper is the first to examine the role of financial development on U.S. state-level inequality.     

¿Amigo de la Raza? Reexamining Determinants of Latino Support in the U.S. Congress*

Objectives. This study updates and extends research on substantive Latino representation in the U.S. Congress. An improved method of measuring “Latino interests” is proposed. Methods. Using a scorecard from the National Hispanic Leadership Agenda as the dependent variable, standard OLS regression is employed to determine the variables that best predict how members of the 108th Congress vote on issues that are salient to the Latino community. Results. The findings indicate that Latinos are substantively represented overwhelmingly by Democrats and those from majority‐Democratic districts or states, while religion and level of constituency poverty also play a notable role. Conclusion. This study adds strong support to the “party as a substantive representative” model of minority representation. It also shows that Latinos are not more likely to be substantively represented by fellow Latinos, nor do larger Latino constituencies affect a lawmaker's propensity to vote in favor of Latino interests.     

SSRC research group on Modern German Social History: First Meeting: History of the Family,U.E.A., Norwich, 7–8 July 1978

R.J. Holton, The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism (1985), xii+234 (Macmillan, Basingstoke, £20, paperback £6.95).

Antoni Maczak, Henryk Samsonowicz and Peter Burke, East‐Central Europe in Transition: from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century (1985), vii+207 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £22.50).

Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (1985), xvi+443 (Routledge &; Kegan Paul, London, £25.00).

A. L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England (1985), xv+233 (Methuen, London, £19.95).

John L. McMullan, The Canting Crew: London's Criminal Underworld, 1550–1700 (1984) ix+226 (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., n.p.).

Maxine Berg, The Age of Manufactures 1700–1820 (1985), 378 (Fontana, London, paperback, £4.95).

Alan Greer, Peasant, Lord, and Merchant: Rural Society in Three Quebec Parishes 1740–1840 (1985), 304 (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Buffalo and London, n.p.).

Barbara Jeanne Fields, Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century (1985), xv+268 (Yale University Press, New Haven, £27.50).

A. J. Kidd and K. W. Roberts (eds), City, Class and Culture: Studies of Cultural Production and Social Policy in Victorian Manchester (1985), vii + 280 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £25.00).

Gary S. Messinger, Manchester in the Victorian Age: The Half‐Known City xii+211 (Manchester University Press, Manchester £11.95, paperback £4.95).

Donald Reid, The Miners of Decazeville: A Genealogy of Deindustrialization (1985), ix+333 (Harvard University Press, Boston, $25.00).

Moshe Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia (1985), viii+354 (Methuen, London, paperback £8.95).

Derek J. Oddy and Derek S. Miller (eds), Diet and Health in Modern Britain (1985), 326 (Croom Helm, London, £22.50).

Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb (eds), Hunger and History (1985), 336 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £25.00).     

Does subsidized crop insurance affect farm industry structure? Lessons from the U.S.

Farm policies have unintended consequences and subsidized crop insurance is no different. We draw on the theory of long-run competitive equilibrium to estimate the effect of subsidized crop insurance on farm output and number of farms in the U.S. Results show that the subsidy led to fewer and larger farms. To the extent that larger farms benefit disproportionately from other farm subsidies, known to increase farm size, subsidized crop insurance can only contribute to further farm consolidation, with consequences for sustainability and depopulation of rural communities. These unintended effects could make the case for reverting to ad-hoc disaster payment programs.     

Review of the Sino-U.S. Lend-Lease Relationship During the War Against Japanese Aggression

ⅠThelend-leaserelationshipbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesduringtheWarAgainstJapaneseAggression(1937-1945)wasnotonlydifferentfromalend-leaserelationshipinageneralsense,blltalsodifferedfroma1lpreviousdebtrelationshipsbetweenthetwocountriesthathadealstedsinc…