Exogamie et anglicisation chez les minorités canadiennes-françaises*

Relying on data derived from the 1971 census, the causal relations between linguistic exogamy and assimilation among the nine provincial minorities of French mother tongue are investigated. Rates of anglicization, matrimonial cohabitation, exogamy, and precocious anglicization are first defined, then calculated for different age groups. Anglicization rates for francophone spouses in linguistically homogeneous and heterogeneous marriages are also established for each province. It is observed that among those minorities which best resist anglicization, mixed marriages indeed appear to be the principal factor initiating transfer to English as the home language. Among the less resistant minorities, however, this causal relation is less evident, if not outright reversed, with exogamy appearing instead to accompany, or even to follow from a number of other anglicizing factors which lead the minorities towards a type of language transfer which is rather more evolutionary in nature than catastrophic. Finally, our analysis clearly indicates an even higher rate of anglicization to come for each of the nine minorities in 1981 and 1991. A l'aide des données du recensement de 1971, nous examinons les relations causales reliant exogamie et assimilation linguistiques chez les neuf minorités provinciales de langue maternelle française. Nous définissons d'abord, puis calculons pour différent groupes d'âge, des taux d'anglicisation, de cohabitation matrimoniale, d'exogamie et d'anglicisation précoce. Nous établissons ensuite pour chaque province le taux d'anglicisation des conjoints francophones au sein des manages linguistiquement homogènes et héterogGnes. Chez les minorités les plus résistantes à l'anglicisation, le manage mixte fait effectivement figure d'initiateur primordial du transfert à 1'anglais comme langue du foyer. Chez les minorités moins résistantes, par contre, ce rôle causal s'estompe, sinon se renverse: l'exogamie y paraît plutôt faire partie ou même décoder d'un faisceau de facteurs anglicisants qui emportent les minoritaires dans un mouvement de transfert de type davantage évolutif que catastrophique. Notre analyse laisse clairement prévoir, enfin, une anglicisation accrue de chacune des neufs minorités en 1981 et en 1991.     

CARF and ASAM award first 7 level‐of‐care certifications

Under the pilot for its new certification program for substance use disorder treatment, the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has awarded the first seven certifcaitions. The ASAM level‐of‐care certification was created in partnership with CARF International and announced earlier this year (see “CARF adds OBOT accreditation and ASAM certification,” ADAW, Feb. 4, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32246 ).     

Experimenter Affective Expression and Gaze Following in 7‐Month‐Olds

The study of gaze following in infants younger than 12 months of age has emphasized the effects of gesture, type of target, and its position or placement. This experiment extends this literature by examining the effects of adults' affective expression on 7‐month‐olds' gaze following. The effects of 3 affective expressions—happy, sad, and neutral—on 7‐month‐olds' frequency of gaze following were examined. The results indicated that infants more frequently followed the gaze of an adult posing a neutral expression than that of an adult posing either a happy or a sad expression. The infants also looked proportionately longer toward the indicated target when the adult's expression was neutral. The results are interpreted in terms of infants' flexibility of attention.     

Diasporas à la française: recent francophone contributions to the literature

Books reviewed in this article S. Dufoix, Les Diasporas C. Chivallon, La diaspora noire des Amériques: expériences et théories à partir de la Caraïbe M. Bruneau, Diasporas et espaces transnationaux L. Anteby‐Yemini, W. Berthomière and G. Sheffer (eds) Les Diasporas: 2,000 ans d'histoire     

Intersensory Redundancy and 7‐Month‐Old Infants' Memory for Arbitrary Syllable‐Object Relations

Seven‐month‐old infants require redundant information, such as temporal synchrony, to learn arbitrary syllable‐object relations (Gogate & Bahrick, 1998). Infants learned the relations between 2 spoken syllables, /a/ and /i/, and 2 moving objects only when temporal synchrony was present during habituation. This article presents 2 experiments to address infants' memory for these relations. In Experiment 1, infants remembered the syllable‐object relations after 10 min, only when temporal synchrony between the vocalizations and moving objects was provided during learning. In Experiment 2, 7‐month‐olds were habituated to the same syllable‐object pairs in the presence of temporal synchrony and tested for memory after 4 days. Once again, infants learned and showed emerging memory for the syllable‐object relations 4 days after original learning under the temporally synchronous condition. These findings are consistent with the view that prior to symbolic development, infants learn and remember word‐object relations by perceiving redundant information in the vocal and gestural communication of adults.     

The 3×1 Programme and criminal violence in Mexico

Are levels of criminal violence lower where emigrants collaborate with the state authorities in the funding and provision of public goods and services? In this article, I examine the causal effect on violence levels in the municipalities participating in Mexico's Three‐for‐One (3×1) Programme for Migrants. Using municipal‐level data for the period between 2001 and 2010, the analysis shows that the implementation of this programme led to an increase in violence in the municipalities in question, and that this effect is driven by the ‘war on drugs’ initiated by the Mexican government in 2006. Because cartels splinter when kingpins are captured, they look for sources of revenue other than drug smuggling. The budgetary gains obtained via the 3×1 Programme inadvertently increased the returns of extortion and directed the attention of organized criminals to the participant municipalities. The evidence highlights some of the unintended effects that the leveraging of emigrants' money may have in home countries where governments make the so‐called ‘kingpin strategy’ a centrepiece of their security strategy.     

Long live Fenerbahçe: The production boosting effects of football

The connection between Turkish industrial production performance and the success of a popular Turkish football team, namely Fenerbahçe, is the central theme of this article. The success of Fenerbahçe is interpreted as a proxy for the workers’ mood or morale. Performing a transfer function analysis on our monthly data set, we reveal positive feedback from Fenerbahçe’s success, which proxies workers’ mood/morale, to economic performance such that the monthly industrial growth rate increases by 0.26% with the number of games won by Fenerbahçe in European cups regardless of where the game is played. Evidence of the effects of games against domestic rivals on industrial performance is not statistically significant.