地方性知识：通往学术自主性的自由之路——“管理学在中国”之我见

管理学在中国实际上是有关中国社会科学自主性在管理学界的体现。随着中国社会经济的迅速发展和国家地位的提高,有关管理学地方性知识已成为中国管理学者必须认真考虑和对待的科学研究任务,但该门知识的科学化、规范化程度很低,尚停留在经验式的水准,所以应提倡对中国管理现象的研究,相应地需要改变现有的管理学学术研究制度和考核方式,鼓励中年尤其是青年研究者从事较为长期的研究工作。     

Uncovering Mechanisms of Theory Development in an Academic Field: Lessons from Leadership Research

Abstract

A long‐standing debate in organization studies has centered on the tension between paradigmatic consensus and theoretical pluralism in an academic field, but little attention has been paid to the underlying processes of field development that account for this. Using a mechanisms‐based approach, we examined the field of leadership over the last 50 years (1957–2007) focusing on: scholarly consensus on theory and methods; models and variables; and examinations of the state of the field. In spite of considerable advances in research, we find a general lack of commensuration or standards by which theories can be compared or synthesized; an emphasis on leaders’ effects on performance rather than meaning‐making or value infusion; and sparse instances of taking stock of the overall field. We conclude by proposing three research strategies for the future—theoretical compartmentalization, theoretical integration, and theoretical novelty—and advocating greater methodological variety.     

E‐Business: A Review of Research Published in Production and Operations Management (1992–2008)

We review, classify, consolidate, and synthesize the contributions to the expanding field of e‐business that have been published in Production and Operations Management. We classify e‐business research in the following four categories: (1) e‐auctions, (2) radio frequency identification, (3) e‐business system design, and (4) competition, conflict, collaboration, and coordination (C⁴ in e‐business). We identify important research themes, research methodologies, and research techniques within each of these categories. We also provide directions for future research and discuss the managerial implications of the e‐business research reported in our paper.     

中国管理学学术期刊的发展与未来展望——以《南开管理评论》十年发展为例

本文通过回顾《南开管理评论》十年发展历程,对期刊的定位、特色进行了总结。采用文献计量学的方法,对《南开管理评论》从1998年到2007年十年间刊发文章的被引频次、影响因子、五年影响因子等数据进行分析,重点评价了《南开管理评论》在中国管理学期刊中的学术影响和地位,并且通过分析管理学学术期刊面临的形势,展望了未来的发展方向。文章的主要目的在于提出一些中国管理学学术期刊发展的共性问题,并且希望能辅助探索管理学学科领域的发展规律。     

原产国效应与原产地效应的实证研究--中韩比较

本研究在国际营销研究领域里比较广泛探讨的原产国效应(Country of Origin Effect)的基础上,分析了中国消费者在评价国内外品牌时所产生的原产地效应(Region of Origin Effect)问题.根据韩国/中国和上海/沈阳的原产国和原产地效应的实证分析,发现中国消费者评价韩国或中国产品时不受原产国效应的影响,但却受到原产地效应影响,这是本研究的重要发现,也对企业管理实践具有重要意义.     

和谐管理视角下的领导研究发展初探

从3个方面系统回顾了和谐管理视角下的领导研究,分析了和谐管理视角下战略、组织与领导研究之间的关系。和谐管理视角下的战略、组织和领导研究均基于演化、情境、互动的视角,依据不同的基本问题和侧重点对环境、组织和领导三元关系进行探索;领导作为"能动者",串联起了和谐管理视角下的战略、组织和领导的研究。此外,基于管理环境新变化、现有研究不足及和谐管理视角下领导研究特色围绕领导支配权、领导心智和行为以及领导作用讨论了和谐管理视角领导研究的未来发展。     

Commentary on Knowledge Creation and Dissemination in Operations and Supply‐Chain Management

The title of this paper might have been Knowledge Creation and Dissemination in the POM Domain . Instead, these accomplished authors (who shall be dubbed with honorable intentions as RSST) define the POM domain as Operations and Supply‐Chain Management. Thereby, they leave no doubt that the POM domain spans the entire supply chain from shovels in the mine and seeds in the ground to recycled waste that is remanufactured and sold as new (as well as refurbished) products. RSST declare that sustainability of the ecosystem cycle must be achieved (even in the face of disaster conditions) by all institutions. RSST believe that practitioners can be taught the necessary attitudes and skills by business and engineering schools. It is noteworthy that the ecosystem cycle they describe is accompanied by marketing and financial decision cycles running parallel from inception of ideas to the “end of life” closure that starts a new cycle for closed‐loop product planning. For these coexisting, interdependent, all‐encompassing systems, the RSST team leaves no doubt about the evolution of teaching and research opportunities for young POM scholars. These authors focus on the fact that everything that is not morphing is likely to become counterproductive in the not too far future. This is a critical point of view which is based on the fact that the status quo is highly vulnerable. Also, very special is the RSST warning that changes are required in the status quo which must be made without damaging the existing fabric. This non‐disruptive way of doing POM business has been remarkably successful for the cohesion of the field over the past 25 years. There is agreement that it is great to shake things up without tearing those things apart. All of this leads to the conclusion that the advice of these authors (RSST) is correct and valuable. Debate and disputation of these points is encouraged and expected by the RSST team.     

适应变革的时代:领导与管理的结合

组织是社会发展的产物,我们的社会是一个组织化的社会。组织在生存发展过程中,一方面必须适应外部,为外部提供需要的服务;另一方面必须适应内部,满足组织成员的需要,并使组织形成一定的功能。领导是组织确保其适应外部环境的职能;而管理则是组织保持有序、维持组织特定功能的职能。领导和管理既相互区别又相互联系,统一于组织的生存发展之中。在变革的时代,必须把领导与管理有机结合起来,才能使组织立于不败之地。领导与管理是组织发展不可或缺的职能领导是组织确保其适应外部环境的职能。任何组织生存发展的唯一理由就是给环境对象提供一定…     

Similarities and Differences between Leadership and Management: High‐Performance Competencies in the British Royal Navy

This paper describes the research, analysis and development of a model clarifying the similarities and differences in competencies and personality factors 1 associated with effective Leadership and Management in the Royal Navy. A questionnaire study was conducted on a sample of 261 Officers and Ratings (Sailors). Their performance was rated through the organization's rigorous appraisal process, whilst competency and personality data were gathered through the Occupational Personality Questionnaire and the Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire. The results identify the common and unique relevance of specific competencies and personality factors and so provide an illuminating insight into the differences between the constructs of leadership and management. The critical factors related to effective leadership and management performance are also identified.     

Recovering the Divide: A Review of Strategy and Tactics in Business and Management

With origins in military history, strategy and tactics is a frequently used conceptual couplet in the business and management literature. This paper reviews how strategy and tactics are portrayed, identifying a dominant ‘pragmatic’ account of strategy as an expression of formal, planned ends achieved through the subordinate means of tactics. Pragmatic distinctions give rise to a range of well‐known problems, in particular in strategy implementation stages. We suggest that some of these problems may be avoided when the strategy–tactics relationship is conceived differently. We elaborate two alternative distinctions: a sociological framing of tactics as mechanisms of resistance to formal, controlling strategies; and a processual perspective, which sidesteps fixed distinctions between tactics and strategy, giving rise to more fluid interrelations between both modes. Based on a review of the business and management literature, we identify key examples of each trope and conclude by drawing insights for each account on the basis of these wider discussions.     

知识工作团队中变革型领导与团队冲突管理方式研究

对来自106个团队的283名知识工作团队成员的调查结果进行研究分析,结果表明,变革型领导风格的4个维度,即德行垂范、个性关怀、愿景激励和领导魅力均能促进合作型冲突管理方式,但是只有德行垂范和个性关怀能够抑制竞争型冲突管理方式;团队心理安全在变革型领导和团队冲突管理方式之间起到部分中介作用.此外,合作型冲突管理方式对团队绩效有正向影响,竞争型冲突管理方式对团队绩效有负向影响.     

A Multi‐layered Exploration of the Diversity Management Field: Diversity Discourses,Practices and Practitioners in the UK

This paper presents a multi‐layered exploration of the diversity management field in the UK. In doing so, it aims to address two problematic tendencies in the current diversity research: the focus on single‐level explorations, and the polarization between critical and mainstream approaches. Using Bourdieu's concept of field, I develop a theoretical framework that conceptualizes the field of diversity management in three constituents: diversity discourse, diversity practice and diversity practitioners. The framework is used to analyse empirical evidence generated through semi‐structured interviews with 19 diversity managers of large private‐sector companies. This study reveals the presence of a gap between the diversity discourse and practice, and the absence of any standard set of qualifications and skills requirement for practitioners. The findings demonstrate the twofold role of discourse in drawing the boundaries of the diversity management field. First, it is instrumental in constructing diversity management as distinct from equal opportunities. Second, the use discourse functions as a mechanism to control the entry of practitioners into this field, which otherwise has low entry barriers. The paper offers a contribution to management research in general and equality and diversity research in particular through its original use of Bourdieuan sociology in an empirical study.     

Leadership and Crew Resource Management in High-Reliability Organizations: A Competency Framework for Measuring Behaviors

High-reliability organizations (HROs) have emerged across a number of highly technical, and increasingly automated industries (e.g., aviation, medicine, nuclear power, and oil field services). HROs incorporate complex systems with a large number of employees working in dynamic, and potentially dangerous environments. Effectively managing contingencies in HROs, to simultaneously promote safe and efficient behaviors is a daunting task. Crew Resource Management (CRM) has emerged in HROs as a highly effective approach to training and sustaining essential skills within work teams operating across a large workforce. CRM provides a competency framework that enables adherence to standard work instructions while, at the same time, encourages adaptive variance in responding to effectively manage current environmental circumstances that depart from normal routines. This paper considers the development of CRM across several high-reliability industries, develops a behavior analytic account of CRM behaviors, and describes an approach to measuring behaviors within simulated and actual work environments.     

基于文献计量学的管理学学术期刊定量分析与评价 --以《南开管理评论》为例

本文运用清华大学中国科学文献计量评价研究中心编制的<中国学术期刊综合引证报告>(2002、2003、2004版)的统计数据,分析比较了国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部认定的管理科学类重要学术期刊和CNKI"中国期刊全文数据库"B缉中"社会与管理/管理/综合"类收录的所有管理学期刊的被引频次、影响因子、即年指标等数据,重点评价了<南开管理评论>在管理学期刊中的学术影响和地位.     

The Sublime Object of Desire (for Knowledge): Sexuality at Work in Business and Management Schools in England

This paper explores why and how sexuality intertwines with gender in the organizational context of academic institutions. Drawing on insights from the work of psychoanalyst post‐structuralist feminists Luce Irigaray, Hélène Cixous and Julia Kristeva, we explore the institutionalized abjection of the real and imagined (woman's) body as the root cause of her relative exclusion from knowledge (creation) and her subordinate position in it. The project is analytical as well as political: it both unravels and opposes the ways gender is superimposed on sexuality and how we as academics might collude, legitimize and perpetuate and gendered sexualized (and therefore exclusionary) ways of organizing in/of society. The findings of an empirical study of a sample of women academics in management and business schools in England are discussed in the light of the proposed theory.     

The State of the Field in UK Management Research: Reflections of the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) Panel

This paper reviews the state of the field of the sub-disciplines within UK management research, based upon the submissions of 94 UK higher education institutions to the Business and Management Studies Panel in the UK's 2001 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). It offers observations on the UK model of the assessment of quality in, and funding of, research conducted in publicly funded higher education institutions.     

Management and Business Ethics: A Critique and Integration of Ethical Decision-making Models

This paper critically reviews the literature relating to the management of ethics within organizations and identifies, in line with other authors, a gap between theory and practice in the area. It highlights the role of management (both as an academic discipline and from a practitioner perspective) in bridging this gap and views managers, with their sense of individual ethical agency, as a key locus of ethics within organizations. The paper aims to address the theory–practice gap by surveying the business ethics literature in order to identify, draw together and integrate existing theory and research, with a particular emphasis upon models of ethical decision-making and their relationship to work values. Such an endeavour is necessary, not only because of the relative neglect of management practice by business ethics researchers, but also because of the current lack of integration in the field of business ethics itself. The paper outlines some of the main methodological challenges in the area and suggests how some of these may be overcome. Finally, it concludes with a number of suggestions as to how the theory–practice gap can be addressed through the development of a research agenda, based upon the previous work reviewed.