共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ion Bogdan Vasi 《Sociological Forum》2006,21(3):439-466
Few researchers have examined how organizational environments and framing processes simultaneously influence the diffusion of organizational practices. This article combines insight from major perspectives on the diffusion of organizational innovations and from social movement studies, and shows that the adoption of a program to address global climate change by U.S. municipalities is shaped by social contagion and organizational linkages, as well as by the actions of change-promoting agents. The findings emphasize the potential as well as the limitation of the strategic efforts on the part of innovation promoters to frame adoption in a way that will appeal to potential adopters.
相似文献
Ion Bogdan VasiEmail: |
2.
Using data collected from surveys conducted in 1990 and 2000, we examine changes in the administrative practices of US-based
national and international unions. We examine the hiring, human resource, financial, strategic planning, and organizational
practices and how they have changed over time. We find that unions are changing their staff hiring practices in ways that
contribute to workforce professionalization and that unions are moving toward more formal human resource policies and more
systematic financial and strategic planning practices. These developments appear to be a reaction to the unions’ changing
operating environment and reflect the pressure on union leaders to make effective use of their declining resources.
相似文献
Paul F. ClarkEmail: |
3.
Nonprofit Isomorphism: An Australia–United States Comparison 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jeffrey Leiter 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(1):67-91
This paper examines the organizational structures of nonprofit organizations in Australia and the United States. Using random
samples of nonprofits drawn from the two organizational populations, the analysis compares the extent of structural resemblance
or isomorphism in each. It detects similar levels of isomorphism for several structural characteristics. The paper interprets
this finding as reflecting expectations for nonprofit organizations that stretch worldwide.
相似文献
Jeffrey LeiterEmail: |
4.
The paper differentiates between three conceptualizations of organizational networks: as resources, as organizational logic, and as a change mechanism. We integrate and apply these conceptualizations in one of the first comprehensive studies of private business schools in post-socialism. Using case studies, content analysis of websites, and an open-ended survey of administrators, we show how East-West networks helped in establishing a new type of organization at the end of socialism, how schools use networking as a core organizational principle to enhance efficacy and legitimacy, and how their activities help build capitalism from the bottom up by transmitting market-based knowledge to post-socialist economic actors.
相似文献
Nina BandeljEmail: |
5.
We study the general class of two-player public-policy contests and specify the asymmetry condition under which a more restrained government intervention that reduces the contestants’ prizes has the “perverse” effect of increasing their aggregate lobbying efforts.
相似文献
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
6.
The proceeding of privatization is a tradeoff between short-term equality and long-term efficiency. Under the existing structures
of enterprise management and government powers, enterprise managers are likely to conspire with government officials to decide
the way of ownership transformation and share the benefits from there. The transformation of ownership will enhance the efficiency
of the company. Corruption indeed presses ahead the transformation of company ownership, whereas inequality is also aggravated
during the process. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the relationship between corruption and privatization in China.
Corruption and inequality are what the country pays for their dream of public ownership in 1950s. Equality, efficiency and
maintaining current social and political structure cannot be achieved simultaneously during enterprise restructuring.
相似文献
Shuang Zhang (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
Kate Cooney 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2006,17(2):137-155
This paper engages the concept of the organizational field to explore the status of a growing set of organizations referred to as social enterprises, nonprofit ventures, and social purpose businesses. The argument is developed through an ethnographic case study of a nonprofit hybrid organization (in the United States) that is training welfare recipients in their own in-house businesses. First, this paper provides an overview of the commercial trends in the nonprofit sector and the rise of social purpose enterprises. Then, employing key concepts from neo-institutional theory, the author proposes framing nonprofit-business hybrids as organizations positioned in two different organizational fields—each necessitating different internal organizational technologies—to elucidate the structural tensions that can emerge inside these new hybrid models. Internal organizational tensions identified in the case study are highlighted. Finally, the proposed use of organizational field theory developed from the case analysis is discussed in terms of social enterprise more generally.
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Kate CooneyEmail: |
8.
Olav Helge Angell 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(3):296-315
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate and explain how a Norwegian voluntary, faith-based organization—the Gospel Centre
of Norway (Pinsevennenes Evangeliesenter)—successfully substituted a “network” for “market” strategy vis-à-vis the public sector in order to obtain organizational
legitimacy and financial security. During the first decade of its existence it obtained a unique position in its relationship
with the state, as a separate item in the budget of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The organization operates in
the field of substance abuse rehabilitation, i.e., in a situation where instrumental effectiveness is difficult to assess.
In such a situation ritual or other institutional criteria may replace effectiveness criteria and impression management is
shown to be a successful strategy. Attention is paid to the relevant environmental conditions under which this organizational
change of strategy was successful.
相似文献
Olav Helge AngellEmail: |
9.
Yonatan Reshef 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):677-696
In the public sector, Canadian governments intervene frequently in labor disputes by suspending collective bargaining and
curtailing legal strikes. Previous research has focused on the contours of government intervention, such as its overall effects
on collective bargaining and strikes. The discussion highlights one actor, a government, restricting the behavior of another
actor, a union, using legislation and policy making. As a result, we know less about more micro-level elements and implications
of the process of government intervention. I address these themes using a detailed case study of the Alberta Teachers’ Association
and the strikes it coordinated in 2002.
相似文献
Yonatan ReshefEmail: |
10.
Winston T. H. Koh 《Social Choice and Welfare》2005,25(1):207-220
We present a general framework to study the project selection problem in an organization of fallible decision-makers. We show
that when the organizational size and the majority rule for project acceptance are optimized simultaneously, the optimal quality of decision-making, as determined by the decision criterion, is invariant, and depends only on the expertise of decision-makers. This result clarifies that the circumstances under which the decision-making
quality varies with the organizational structure are situations where the organizational size or majority rule is restricted
from reaching the optimal level. Moreover, in contrast to earlier findings in the literature that the hierarchy and the polyarchy
are generally sub-optimal structures, we show that when the size, structure and decision criterion are simultaneously optimized,
the hierarchy and the polyarchy are in fact the only possible optimal organizational structures when decision-making costs are present.
相似文献
Winston T. H. KohEmail: |
11.
Max Stephenson Jr. 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2006,17(1):40-56
This paper argues that the operating environment of humanitarian assistance is best conceived as an interorganizational social network or regime and that the problem of power and authority in such situations must be re-founded or reconceived accordingly. This contention is developed to contribute to an important ongoing dialogue among analysts concerning how humanitarian aid may most effectively be delivered in the context of a realistic appraisal of the structural and operating conditions in which it is offered. The paper first outlines the primary elements of the organizational environment in which humanitarian efforts must proceed, next suggests a way of thinking about how one might conceive of those conditions that builds on recent work, and then sketches the elements of a strategic contingency approach to the humanitarian assistance coordination dilemma. This analytical frame leads one to rethink assumptions concerning how best to conceptualize both the environment and the behavior of humanitarian organizations engaged in providing assistance in emergency situations and to suggest that theory building for this domain of study should now turn to a network-based and strategically contingent perspective for its foundation.
相似文献
Max Stephenson Jr.Email: |
12.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
Mirella Landriscina 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(4):447-466
Through a case study of a leading service provider organization in Philadelphia, this paper explores the advocacy work of
a publicly funded, professionalized, institutionalized nonprofit organization. In this article I relate how in the spring
of 2002, staff at the organization responded to a recurring political issue: local business groups were again calling for
official action against “aggressive panhandlers” in the downtown district. I use ethnographic and historical data to show
that the organization’s institutionalization and ties to the public sector have allowed staff to develop resources and skills
for being both contentious claim-makers and influential actors in the institutional political arena.
相似文献
Mirella LandriscinaEmail: |
14.
Max Stephenson 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(3):209-224
Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the New Orleans, Louisiana metropolitan area in August 2005, made many United States citizens
more aware of how their national government undertakes its humanitarian relief responsibilities. Many learned for the first
time, for example, that the federal government is a secondary responder and attends to natural disasters only when states
and localities request such support and assistance. That U.S. framework and the international relief implementation structure
are remarkably similar. This paper compares and contrasts these two aid implementation approaches with an eye to clarifying
their similarities and differences and to identifying how each might better be understood for the future to secure improved
coordination and more effective outcomes.
相似文献
Max StephensonEmail: |
15.
Top-Down Civic Projects Are Not Grassroots Associations: How The Differences Matter in Everyday Life
Nina Eliasoph 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):291-308
Research on civic associations blurs an important distinction between the unfunded, informal, ongoing associations that theorists
like de Tocqueville described versus current participatory democracy projects that are funded by the state and large nongovernmental
organizations, are open to all, and are usually short-term. Based on a long-term ethnography of youth programs in the United
States, this paper shows that entities like these, which participants and researchers alike often called “volunteer” or “civic”
groups, operate very differently from traditional civic groups. The ethnography systematically details prevalent tensions
that actors face when they try to cultivate the civic spirit in these increasingly typical organizations.
相似文献
Nina EliasophEmail: |
16.
Forging and Sustaining Labor–Community Coalitions: The Workfare Justice Movement in Three Cities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article examines the factors shaping the formation and longevity of labor–community coalitions through comparative case
studies of campaigns for workfare justice in Los Angeles, Milwaukee, and New York. Interviews with organizational staff and
leaders reveal that their decisions to form and sustain these coalitions were shaped by their collective identities, especially
their commitment to social movement unionism, and their context, particularly the sectoral distribution of workfare workers.
We also highlight the role of two factors previously overlooked by labor scholars: (1) ecological processes of niche-formation,
which determined if and how inter-organizational competition was overcome, and (2) authorities’ social-control strategies,
which shaped coalition endurance.
相似文献
Ellen ReeseEmail: |
17.
18.
The relationship between minimum wage increases and youth employment is investigated using county-level data and spatial econometric
techniques. Results that account for spatial correlation indicate that a 10% increase in the effective minimum wage is associated
with a 3.2% decrease in youth employment, a result that is 28% higher than the corresponding estimate that does not control
for spatial correlation. Thus, estimates that do not take into account spatial correlation may significantly underestimate
the negative effect of the minimum wage on teenage employment. Improperly controlling for factors that vary systematically
over space can lead to incorrect inferences and misinform policy.
相似文献
Charlene M. KalenkoskiEmail: |
19.
Jiang Ru Leonard Ortolano 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(2):141-168
Social movement theories provide a framework for explaining the post-1990 rise in China’s citizen-organized environmental
nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs), which consisted of at least 128 organizations as of 2004. We use a political process
model, which is based on favorable political opportunities, cognitive liberation, and indigenous organizational strength,
to explain the sharp growth in citizen organized ENGOs. In addition, we employ a world society perspective to help clarify
why the political environment in China became favorable for ENGO growth, and how international ENGO practices were diffused
within China. Our analysis shows that the relatively high status of ENGO founders together with their personal and professional
networks also played important roles in ENGO growth.
相似文献
Jiang RuEmail: |
20.
The inverse plurality rule—an axiomatization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Under the ‘inverse plurality rule’, voters specify only their least preferred alternative. Our first result establishes that
this rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies the minimal veto condition (MV). We then prove that the inverse plurality
rule is characterized by MV and the four well known conditions that characterize scoring rules; namely, Anonymity (A), Neutrality
(N), Reinforcement (RE) and Continuity (CO). Our new characterization result is related to the characterizations of approval
voting and of the widely used plurality rule. We finally show how the axiomatization of the inverse plurality rule can be
extended to the axiomatization of elementary scoring rules (vote for t-alternatives scoring rules).
We are indebted to two anonymous referees for their most useful comments.
相似文献
Eyal Baharad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |