对中国经济运行状况的分析

从经济的投资、消费和出口数据看,中国经济增速确实在下行。为了保持中国经济8%的增速,我们已付出了很高的代价;经过35年的高速增长,在各行各业产能基本过剩的情况下,中国经济增速正在下移。观察1950年代后日本、中国台湾和香港地区经济发展的过程,其经济高速增长后,也是一个台阶又一个台阶地下来。中国不能再靠高投资来推动经济增长。     

中国经济增长与技术发展对美国的影响

中国快速的经济增长与技术发展中国正走向繁荣,尽管2003年第二季度的非典对经济增长造成了巨大的暂时性影响,但该年中国经济增长率仍达到了9.1%。中国在高科技产业方面的变化程度非常惊人,尤其在电子制造行业方面。中国已经在2001年成为全球电子公司生产和安装生产活动的新选择地。在经历了投资繁荣之     

中国城乡发展动力结构调整的思考

改革开放以来．中国经济实现了举世瞩目的高速增长．城市化与工业化加快步伐向前推进．综合国力显著增强．人民生活水平明显提高．中国已经步入刘易斯二元经济的转折期。然而．近30年中国经济的飞速发展主要是来自投资和净出口的推动．消费对经济增长的推动。不仅没有上升，反而下降。消费率的下降固然有其发展阶段的客观原因．但毕竟已经成为当前中国经济社会发展诸多问题如投资增长过快、国际双顺差巨大、居民收入差距过大等等的深层次原因之一。     

儒家文化中的消费者——中国应理性扩大内需

美国等国家的消费高于收入，而中国蛳肖费则低于收入，后者由此成为世界上最大的制造商，不过，现在中国的这一发展模式遭遇挑战，近年来，美国的消费者负债累累，被迫压制花费、减少进口、增加储蓄，以此来削减巨额债务，随着美国贸易赤字的减少，中国的贸易盈余也随之缩水．中国一直期望保持8％以上的经济增长，在出口的困境中，这个国家试图以增加基本建设投资，而非以减少储蓄、增加消费来刺激经济．目前，中国的基本建设投资已接近国内生产总值的50％。没有一个国家可以长期依靠这种方式发展经济，因此中国应从根本上改变经济增长的模式，从依赖出口和基本建设转向以增加消费来发展经济．但由于以下—些结构性的原因，中国出现了高储蓄、低消费的问题。     

警惕中国经济泡沫化——中国经济增长模式面临的严重挑战

改革开放以来,中国经济35年增长主要是外向型经济拉动的。但2008年国际金融危机时间,中国出台的"4万亿"投资刺激计划,改变了中国原有的经济增长模式,投资在经济增长中的作用越来越重要。同时,带来了两个结构性矛盾:一是投资中政府融资平台的崛起,深刻地改变了中国的投资结构,投资效率开始下降;二是投资拉动的经济增长模式必然依靠货币信贷释放来支撑,容易带来经济泡沫化。评论中国经济是否有泡沫化现象,可以从经济货币化指数、固定资产投资占GDP的比重、PPI和CPI的长期背离三个方面进行分析。     

2009：中国经济面临多重考验

2008年末,中国政府及时推出了刺激经济的"暖冬计划",4万亿投资弥补外需下滑,以实现2009年GDP8%的增长;在全球经济疲软,中国出口下降、消费下滑、就业形势严峻的多重因素作用下,中国经济能否保持8%的增长,而临着严峻考验.     

中国宏观经济2011年形势走向分析

中国经济结构调整的外部环境正在发生变化,因此必须寄希望于通过扩大人均收入,提高消费能力,使中国市场逐步走向世界的前列。但在目前消费和出口双重疲软的情况下,中国经济仍然需要靠投资拉动增长。2011年下半年经济下行风险不是很大,物价上涨是经济增长最主要障碍,预计货币政策偏紧。     

下半年调控孰轻孰重？

2011年是“十二五”开局之年，也是经济形势异常复杂的一年。总体看，中国经济仍处于由危机应对向常规增长转型的过程之中，也正在开始由传统发展方式向新的发展方式转型。当前政府刺激经济增长的政策在不断调整、退出，经济增长越来越多地依赖于居民消费和企业投资；以居民家庭和企业等微观经济主体行为调整为基础的发展方式转型正在逐步推进...     

“走出去”与中国国家发展战略

改革开放30年来，中国通过实施“引进来”战略，积极参与经济全球化，在新一轮全球产业分工中赢得了一席之地，成为经济全球化的受益者。1998年，中国政府正式提出“走出去”战略，鼓励和支持有条件的各种所有制企业对外投资和跨国经营，主动参与各种形式的国际经济技术合作。具体包括对外直接投资、对外承包工程和对外劳务合作三项业务。实施“走出去”战略，开展对外投资及其他跨国经营活动，在当前和今后有着现实而长远的重要意义。有助于破解我国的资源约束难题，有助于提升产业结构，有助于缓解贸易保护主义压力，有助于获取先进知识，还有助于增强我国的国际竞争力。     

中国模式的发展震荡

过去三十年中国模式的核心，就是强政府、弱社会。政府职能以经济建设为中心，政府公司化，直接与民争利。经济结构以出口和政府投资、政府消费为主导，民间消费和创新无力。过去这些年，经济学的主流的确是更多地注重了效率而忽视了公平；更多地关注了经济数字的增长而忽视了能源的过度消耗以及环境的污染与破坏；更多地关注了增长而忽视了包括产权在内的各项公民权利；更多地关注了经济总量的增长而忽视了百姓的幸福冷暖。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.