基于生产组织模式选择超边际分析的战略联盟稳定性边界研究

战略联盟是成员企业进行生产组织模式决策及其交互影响的均衡结果,其稳定性边界反映着内部化生产、市场交易和战略联盟三种不同的生产组织模式之间的转换临界条件,一个生产组织模式选择超边际分析的模型能有效地揭示出此边界条件,并显示出资产价值和交易效率这两个变量对战略联盟稳定性的决定性作用。     

个人关系，联盟制度化程度与战略联盟控制——针对中国企业联盟实践的分析

有效的联盟控制是实现战略联盟潜在优势的重要保证.文章针对中国企业间战略联盟中的控制方式选择与应用展开分析.基于社会交易理论和制度理论,提出中国企业间联盟中个人层次的关系与联盟层次上的制度化程度是决定中国企业间战略联盟控制方式的重要因素;同时个人关系和联盟制度化对控制方式的影响在联盟不同阶段存在显著差异.通过对365个中国企业联盟进行调研所获得的数据进行统计分析,验证了相关假说.最后对研究的理论和实践意义进行讨论.     

企业战略联盟的期权博弈分析

本文认为,企业建立战略联盟实质上是构建了一个战略投资的期权博弈实现方式,从而可以灵活应对高度不确定的市场环境和技术研发失败的风险.企业战略投资具有高度的不确定性、不可逆性及专用性,因此不能为了降低交易成本选择一体化在企业内部的治理方式,而应根据所能实现的期权博弈战略价值,选择较灵活的治理模式(如战略联盟),以最大化实现这类投资的战略期权价值.由联盟双方对联盟资产的估价而决定的联盟期权的"市场价格"和由联盟双方讨价能力决定的联盟期权的"执行价格"共同决定了联盟期权执行时的价值;联盟期权等待的灵活性价值与博弈占先战略价值相均衡之处决定了对联盟期权执行的最佳时机.     

企业战略联盟存在空间及其一般模型研究

企业战略联盟现已成为国际经济中最重要、最普遍的现象之一.论文在对企业战略联盟性质进行详细分析的基础上,总结了威廉姆森交易经济学对企业战略联盟存在性的解释以及迪屈奇对其所作的最新发展,基于成本和收益提出了企业战略联盟产生和存在的空间,构造了解释企业战略联盟存在合理性的一般模型,对企业战略联盟产生和存在的合理性做出了更合理的解释.     

基于资源的企业战略联盟形成研究

企业战略联盟（ESA）是企业预防、分散、降低战略风险，提高竞争力，获取竞争优势的重要机制。作者基于资源观（RBV），建立了战略联盟的形成动因模型，得到战略联盟形成的两个基本条件：利用系统结构对联盟组织进行了结构描述，以熵作为系统组织有序度的度量尺度，在交易费用约束的条件下，建立了联盟组织动态调整的随机Markov序贯决策模型。研究结果表明，企业战略联盟结构将可能会演化成稳定性依次递减的强强联盟（SSA）、强弱联盟（SWA）、弱弱联盟（WWA）这样三种基本模式。     

基于联盟风险的战略联盟控制方式选择

有效的联盟控制是降低联盟风险的重要保证.本文针对中国企业战略联盟中的控制方式选择展开分析.基于社会交易理论和制度理论,本文提出了应对不同的联盟风险所应采取的控制方式.通过对585个中国企业联盟进行调研所获得数据进行统计分析,验证了相关假说.最后对研究的理论扣实践意义进行了讨论.     

文化视角下的企业战略联盟稳定性研究

战略联盟的兴起极大地改变了企业竞争的环境和方式,其不稳定性带来的高失败率也引起了人们的关注。本文从文化角度分析了战略联盟不稳定性的原因以及文化融合对联盟稳定性的重要作用,并进一步探索了文化视角下增强联盟稳定性的相应对策。     

我国高技术企业联盟治理结构选择的实证研究

本文以交易成本理论和关系契约理论为基础,研究高技术企业战略联盟治理结构.作者运用108个高技术企业战略联盟的样本数据,对本文提出的基本研究假设进行了实证检验.实证结果揭示了交易成本理论和关系契约理论在联盟治理当中的互补作用,也证明了不确定性和伙伴关系是决定联盟治理结构选择的关键因素.最后,作者对实证结果进行了讨论,并指出了进一步的研究方向.     

战略联盟的范围、治理与稳定性间关系的实证研究

本文从联盟伙伴间的关系视角出发,分析了战略联盟的合作范围和治理类型对伙伴间关系稳定性的影响.由于稳定性是一个抽象且难以用显性指标直接测量的变量,本文把它构建为一个二阶因子结构,并用企业间信任、相互依赖和冲突解决这三个一阶因子来度量它.在此基础上,通过问卷调查获得127家德国联盟企业的数据,并对提出的假说进行了检验,分析结果表明合资企业比非股权契约联盟更有可能享有稳定的伙伴间合作关系,而联盟的范围即联盟协议中所包含的合作活动的多少对联盟稳定性没有显著的影响.     

企业产业内战略联盟的稳定性及对策分析

全球化趋势日趋明显,国内企业面临来自国外强大竞争者的挑战选择了企业战略联盟的方式发展和壮大自己。然而目前战略联盟的失败率偏高。本文从企业的产业内战略联盟入手,对联盟的稳定性进行了分析,并提出了维护的对策。     

基于合作溢出的战略联盟不稳定性研究

战略联盟的不稳定性与专有核心资源的共享及其溢出有关。在一个专业化理论模型中,专有核心资源共享和溢出能够带来专业化分工的经济性和成员核心竞争力的提升,这同时打破了事前的竞争力平衡状态,从而引发了成员间争夺和防护最大化溢出的合作冲突。在信息对称的情况下,战略联盟是一个“囚犯困境”,不稳定性由这一博弈的均衡结果来反映,而在信息不对称时,最优溢出量的相机决策建立在对对方溢出量的预期和事先竞争力对比的基础上,由于联盟成员之间的激励不相容,当合作变成不可置信承诺以及市场价格波动时,联盟也是不稳定的。     

Alliance: The new strategic focus

Alliance between companies has long been a major corporate strategy. However, the recession and increasing protectionism have combined to raise the costs of doing business which in turn have favoured the increasing use of business alliances. While alliances have proved to be valuable competitive manoeuvres, there are inherent risks in relying on alliances as the sole or the major strategy for a company. This article discusses the key factors behind the change in focus for alliance strategies and identifies the major alliance thrusts being adopted in response to changing conditions.     

基于供应链联盟的知识整合研究

核心能力理论的发展说明通过跨企业知识整合可以增强企业的竞争优势。本文对供应链联盟知识整合的结构框架和特征进行分析,阐述通过专业整合和系统整合把个人知识整合为跨企业结构化知识的过程,并进一步探讨了产品交易、资产属性和路径依赖性等对供应链联盟知识整合的影响。最后本文对丰田公司的供应链联盟———协丰会进行案例分析。     

Organisationale Einflussfaktoren des Allianzerfolgs – Eine empirische Analyse auf Basis des „resource-based view“

Strategic alliances have become an essential part of business strategy and a central source of competitive advantage for almost any firm. Existing research has mainly focused on the isolated analysis of single alliances. This paper addresses the gap in the literature by analyzing organizational-level determinants of alliances success. Based on survey data from 302 firms, four organizational success factors of alliance management are identified and integrated in a structural model.     

Piggybacking for business and nonprofits: a strategy for hard times

This article explains the conceptual foundations for the piggybacking strategy from the general strategic management, adoption of innovation, product life cycle, specialization and diversified portfolio strategy literatures. The strategic piggybacking strategy is compared and contrasted with the diversified portfolio and specialization strategies. Intention, dynamic investment flow, short vs long term, and mission similarities and differences are addressed. A case is made for considering strategic piggybacking as a synthesis of the specialization and diversified portfolio strategies. The conditions appropriate for adoption of a piggybacking strategy are also discussed.     

Strategic choice along the vertical coordination continuum

Starting from the generalized notion of a vertical coordination continuum introduced by Williamson and others, the article more specifically defines the nature of the continuum, especially the array of hybrid strategies. The continuum as presented includes five distinct groups of strategy–spot markets, specification contracts, relation-based alliances, equity-based alliances, and vertical integration. The article then presents a decision making framework that can be used by firms to determine which place on the continuum makes the most sense for a particular transaction. The framework suggests that five assessments are critical to adopting a specific change in coordination strategy: (1) Is the current strategy too costly?; (2) Would an alternative strategy reduce the cost?; (3) Is an alternative programmable?; (4) Is an alternative implementable?; (5) Is the risk/return tradeoff acceptable? If the answers to all five assessments are “yes,” then a change in strategy would be expected to occur.     

Neither complements nor substitutes: Examining the case for coalignment of contract-based and relation-based alliance governance mechanisms in coopetition contexts

Although the extant literature recognizes that the contract-based and relation-based alliance governance mechanisms (AGMs) play a significant role in the success of alliances, the nature of their interplay still remains ambiguous. In this study, we move away from the traditional debate between contract- and relation-based AGMs as substitutes versus complements. Instead, we offer the notion of “fit” or the “coalignment” as a more appropriate frame to explain the interplay between contract- and relation-based AGMs in the coopetition context. We conceptualize ‘Coalignment of Alliance Governance Mechanisms’ (CAGM) as a distinct higher-order construct and outline a methodological orientation to estimate the coalignment of the two forms of AGMs. We conduct a longitudinal study using primary data from 320 matched coopetition alliances in high-technology research-intensive sectors in India and find that the CAGM explains better the impact of governance mechanisms on value creation in coopetition alliances.     

战略联盟内部的相互信任及其建立机制

战略联盟是近年来涌现的企业发展战略中极为重要的一种组织形式,也是管理理论界探讨的热门话题之一。本文探讨了战略联盟内部成员企业在组建和运转过程中的相互信任问题,剖析了战略联盟内部相互信任的定义、作用及其形式,并提出了建立相互信任的各种措施。     

The impact of different fit dimensions on spillover effects in brand alliances

Brand alliances represent a popular business strategy in many industries, because firms hope to evoke positive consumer evaluations of both the alliance’s product and the partner brands. However, extant research offers mixed findings regarding the effects of a brand alliance on its partner brands (i.e., spillover effects). In response, this study separates spillover effects into the effects of the alliance product on the partner brands (brand alliance effects) and the effects between partner brands (brand contrast effects), while also noting the potential moderating impact of perceived attitude- and product-based fit between partner brands on resulting spillover effects. Two experimental studies consistently reveal the existence of brand contrast effects; furthermore, the partner brand’s attitude-based fit reduces undesired brand contrast effects and positively moderates spillover effects in brand alliances, whereas product-based fit does not. Therefore, a third study identifies relevant drivers of partner brand’s attitude-based fit for different brand alliances (i.e., co-branding, ingredient branding, and joint advertising). The findings have notable implications for the design and management of brand alliances.