高校科研创新团队的组织资源管理研究

本文通过分析组织资源对核心能力的影响机理,认为组织资源在组织核心能力的形成、转化过程中具有重要作用.有效的整合创新团队内外部资源是实现创新团队知识创造的必然要求.作为一种全新的科研组织模式探索与尝试,应从创新团队的内部资源整合和外部资源拓展两方面研究其资源管理问题.     

双元领导对团队创新绩效影响研究——基于惯例视角

领导力及组织双元领域的研究认为,领导者的悖论认知模式和管理行为对于组织中任何一种双元形式的构建都发挥着重要的作用。然而,目前学术界对于这种复杂领导方式的具体作用效果及影响机制,尤其是对于团队创新过程中如何有针对性地处理团队整体性与个体差异性间存在的突出矛盾这一问题仍然缺乏深入的研究。 基于社会认知理论、组织双元理论和动态能力理论,从团队惯例视角出发,构建双元领导行为-团队双元文化-团队创新绩效的影响过程模型,探讨领导行为的协调作用,同时以成员自我调节导向和环境动态性作为调节变量,研究在此影响过程中团队内、外部情景因素的调节作用。采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0进行多层次回归分析和组间方差分析,对来自长三角区域高新技术型企业中123个知识团队的调研数据进行实证分析。 研究结果表明,①双元领导对团队创新绩效具有积极影响并且显著优于单一领导方式,而变革型领导和交易型领导对团队创新绩效的影响并无显著差异,但要显著优于无明显领导风格的团队,且这两种领导方式能够产生协同效应,其交互正向影响团队创新绩效;②双元领导主要通过团队双元文化部分中介作用直接或间接影响团队创新绩效,但其所包含的变革型和交易型领导行为对团队创新绩效的作用机理存在差异,变革型领导主要通过适应性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效,交易型领导则通过一致性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效;③自我调节导向在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用;④环境动态性在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用。     

高管团队运作过程与决策绩效

高层管理团队运行过程中的效率的发挥取决于各项运作过程要素的影响作用,与企业的绩效紧密相关。因此对团队运作过程的要素以及如何提高运作的效率进行研究,具有重要的意义。本文对近二十几年的相关文献进行梳理,综合归纳出高管团队运作过程的因素对决策绩效的影响作用。     

变革型领导行为对科研团队绩效的影响过程研究

科研团队的产出具有高的理论创新与知识含量,组织正式权力的影响作用较弱,这些结构特征对其领导者会提出多重的行为要求。本文对国家自然科学基金委信息科学部资助的科研团队进行了配对问卷调查,分析其中的变革型领导行为、组织公民行为、团队沟通和团队绩效之间的关系。分析结果表明,变革型领导对团队绩效同时具有直接和间接的影响效应,领导者的个体能力决定其行为有效性,而组织公民行为和团队沟通在领导过程也具有中介作用。以上结论对于科研团队领导者的选拔和培养具有重要的指导价值。     

基于利益相关者理论的科研团队领导影响力研究——以某研究所为例

随着科学研究、技术创新、产业发展、社会进步相互促进和一体化发展趋势,规模化协同创新逐渐成为科技创新的主要模式,这种需要多个利益相关者合作的创新环境对科研团队领导影响力提出了更高的要求。本文对科研团队利益相关者进行识别,并依据团队创新实现过程中的不同角色将其分为资源提供者、组织管理者、科技创新者、成果传播者与成果使用者五类,从其各自的利益需求角度分析科研团队领导影响力的构成要素,从而提出团队领导的五种能力对团队科技战略绩效的影响关系假设,最后结合实证研究结果提出了科研团队领导科技贡献能力、愿景管理能力、创新激励能力、社会交往能力和价值实现能力五种影响力的提升策略。     

科研团队领导者的社会网络交互及其对团队绩效的影响

本文采用社会网络分析方法,基于87个科研团队的配对问卷调查,研究了高校科研团队领导者的社会网络联系、领导—成员交换关系和团队绩效之间的关系问题。实证结论表明,科研团队领导的内部度数中心性对领导—成员的贡献和专业尊敬交换关系有显著的正向影响,领导—成员交换关系在团队领导内部度数中心性与团队绩效之间具有完全中介作用;但团队领导的外部程度中心性与团队绩效之间的关系没有得到验证。以上结论对科研团队管理具有一定的指导价值。     

研发团队知识冲突对企业突破性创新绩效影响的实证研究

在对团队知识冲突、组织学习与突破性创新绩效之间关系进行理论分析的基础上,运用回归模型和结构方程模型进行实证研究。结果表明:团队知识冲突对挖掘性学习和探索性学习均存在显著的正向影响;挖掘性学习负向影响突破性创新绩效,探索性学习正向影响突破性创新绩效;团队知识冲突并不直接影响突破性创新绩效,而是以挖掘性学习和探索性学习为完全中介变量对突破性创新绩效发生作用。     

高校科研团队冲突管理策略研究——基于生命周期理论

知识经济时代,创新成为发展经济、参与国际竞争的大趋势。高校科研团队在国家创新体系中担负着重要任务,发挥着重要作用。在此形势下,对高校科研团队的冲突进行探索性分析和研究,促进高校科研团队的科学运营和健康发展,也成为亟待解决的问题。本文试图从团队生命周期的角度分阶段考察高校科研团队在各阶段的冲突并提出相应的冲突管理策略。     

知识整合能力对高校科研团队创新的影响

笔者从知识整合的角度,建立高校科研团队提升创新能力的理论模型,并从客观和主观两个方面对科研团队创新能力进行评价,将知识整合能力作为一个中介变量,尝试性研究知识整合对科研团队的影响。研究结果表明:知识整合对高校科研团队创新能力的客观方面影响程度较小,对科研团队创新能力主观方面的影响较大。     

高管团队心理契约、集体创新与团队绩效关系的实证研究

通过对212位高管团队成员的实地访谈和有效问卷,揭示了高管团队心理契约、集体创新和团队绩效之间的关系.研究结果表明,高管团队心理契约与集体创新、团队绩效均具有显著正相关关系;高管团队心理契约对团队绩效的影响是通过集体创新这一中介变量表现出来的.集体创新在高管团队交易型心理契约与团队绩效关系中起部分中介作用,在关系型心理契约与团队绩效关系中起完全中介作用.     

高校科研团队隐性知识共享的系统动力学分析

在继承前期研究成果的基础上,提出了高校科研团队隐性知识共享的综合理论分析框架,构建了高校科研团队隐性知识共享的系统动力学模型并进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,模型较好地反映了高校科研团队隐性知识共享的现实情况,根据仿真结果所做出的应用分析对促进科研团队中成员参与隐性知识共享,提升科研团队的知识积聚效应和创新能力具有较好的指导意义.     

变革型领导对R&D团队创新绩效的影响机制研究

R&D团队是企业技术创新的重要组织形式.本研究从变革型领导这一视角探讨了其对R&D团队创新绩效的影响及中介机制.本文运用结构方程模型方法,通过对316个R&D团队样本的实证研究发现,R&D团队领导者的变革型领导风格对团队创新绩效有积极影响,而知识分享与知识整合正是这种影响的中介机制.     

面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网研究

知识创新是企业提高核心竞争力最重要的手段之一。当今世界经济一体化,全球创新方向正在向开放式创新转变。开放式创新环境下,跨组织、跨地域的开放式创新团队成为知识创新的主要载体。社会化标签能够使团队成员按照自己对知识的认知方式进行知识交互与协作,有利于促进开放式团队知识创新。但是由于标签标注的自由性,如何建立标签之间的关联关系以更有效地支持开放式环境中基于标签的知识管理与知识创新成为该领域的关键议题。本文研究并提出了面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网方法,并对该方法进行了应用研究,通过比较实验组和对照组的应用结果,可以发现面向开放式团队知识创新的动态标签关联网方法能够动态地展示标签之间的关联关系,从而支持开放式环境中的团队知识创新。     

Strategies for Knowledge Creation in Firms *

We extend the knowledge‐based view by providing an explanation of how firms develop the capability to create knowledge. We take the view that firms are distributed knowledge systems composed of individuals who embody knowledge, and theoretically identify and empirically test the existence and effectiveness of two strategies – organization and project team – that promote their interactions to develop this capability. On the one hand, building on what we call the organization‐level innovation literature, we identify the organization strategy, which suggests investment in organization‐level integrative management practices to facilitate interactions to create knowledge among individuals situated in different parts of the system, independently of when a knowledge‐creation task is established and individuals are organized to create knowledge. On the other hand, building on what we call the team‐level innovation literature, we identify the project team strategy, which suggests investment in project team‐level integrative management practices to facilitate interactions to create knowledge among individuals once a knowledge‐creation task is defined and individuals are placed into teams to create knowledge. The two strategies are substitute approaches for the development of the capability, although the organization strategy appears to better predict outcomes of the capability. However, this approach might be more costly, so not all managers will choose to follow it.     

An empirical multi-level analysis for achieving balance between incremental and radical innovations

An examination of 202 innovation projects in 42 firms revealed two approaches in how firms manage employees to explore new knowledge for radical innovations and to exploit existing knowledge for incremental innovations. The first is the system of organization-level management practices, whereby employees are recruited based primarily on prior work experience in other companies and developed interdepartmentally, and compensation is based primarily on joint performance without a specific innovation project in mind. The second is the system of team-level management practices, whereby employees are selected based mainly on overlapping knowledge with team members, and are trained and rewarded for a specific innovation project. Although both systems offer employees the necessary psychological safety for attaining radical innovations and the perspective-taking capability helpful for incremental innovations, each system is better for achieving one type of innovation than the other. The system of organization-level management practices better achieves radical innovations because it provides greater psychological safety, while the system of team-level management practices better achieves incremental innovations because it develops superior perspective-taking capability. Using both systems assists in incremental innovations but not radical innovations, because contradictory expectations are placed on the employees, diminishing psychological safety. The main implication of these findings is that companies should manage their employees differently depending on the type of innovation they wish to achieve.     

新兴技术管理研究综述

20世纪90年代后期以来,新兴技术管理正在成为国际学术研究的新兴领域,我国也正在蓬勃展开这方面的研究.文章对该领域的研究进行了扫描.从理论渊源入手,通过对新兴技术的概念及其不确定性和创造性毁灭特征、新兴技术管理的概念和特征的讨论,认为新兴技术管理是与技术管理、技术创新管理同源异质的新兴学科领域;分别从新兴技术演化及评估、新兴市场识别及拓展、新兴技术战略研究、新兴技术管理的组织创新、新兴技术的融投资管理、新兴技术的知识管理等方面,介绍了目前新兴技术管理研究的领域、内容、观点和成果;从新兴技术聚群创新、新兴技术边缘竞争、新兴技术管理研究方法等方面,展望了新兴技术管理的研究领域.     

创业导向与创新绩效：高管团队特征和市场动态性的影响

创业导向对创新绩效的提升具有重要的影响,但创业导向与创新绩效的关系还可能受高管团队特征和市场动态性的影响。根据基于注意力的观点,对创业导向、创新绩效、高管团队的异质性、高管团队的共同愿景和市场动态性的关系进行研究,探讨高管团队的异质性和共同愿景对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节作用,并进一步研究这种调节作用是否受市场动态性的影响。利用在广东、江苏、山东、陕西和河南5地收集的264份调查问卷,采用多元线性回归和调节效应的检验方法对研究假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,创业导向对创新绩效有正向促进作用,高管团队的异质性有助于加强创业导向与创新绩效的关系。在稳定的市场环境下,高管团队的异质性对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节效应更强;在不考虑环境动态性和环境动态性较低的情况下,高管团队的共同愿景对创业导向与创新绩效关系的调节效应不显著,但在动态性较高的市场环境下,可以显著地正向调节创业导向与创新绩效的关系。     

Knowledge sharing for innovation performance improvement in micro/SMEs: an insight from the creative sector

Abstract

As economies become more reliant on innovative, knowledge-intensive firms, understanding the interaction between knowledge and improving innovation performance is increasingly important. Although most UK businesses are micro, small or medium-sized enterprises (micro/SMEs), knowledge management research has tended to focus on large companies Knowledge sharing can be critical for innovation performance, especially for smaller players with limited resources. Our study presents an insight from micro/SMEs operating in the highly knowledge-intensive and innovative games/entertainment software development sector. Using a mixed method approach, we investigate knowledge sharing and its contribution to firm innovation performance improvements. Our findings suggest that micro/SMEs are at the forefront of the creative sector precisely because of their smaller size. Our study reveals evidence of knowledge donation but limited evidence of knowledge collection in the knowledge sharing process. We develop a model highlighting the importance of industry context, individual knowledge and organizational size in knowledge sharing for innovation performance.     

Social media led co-creation of knowledge in developing societies: SME’s roles in the adoption,use and appropriation of smartphones in South Asia

Abstract

Social media supports the creative economy through its involvement in the adoption and appropriation of new innovation and accelerates economic growth. The current paper expands on this notion by identifying and analyzing the interaction between social media-based communities and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as it examines how social media contributes to the knowledge co-creation and supports the adoption, use and appropriation of smartphones in South Asian countries, which are inhabited by approximately 1.6 billion people. The findings obtained through virtual ethnography (VE) provide insights into the dynamics and kinetics of knowledge co-creation and how that benefits large multinationals, small local businesses and consumers in developing societies. As such, we advance the knowledge management scholarship by presenting a holistic model of co-creation of knowledge involving multiple stakeholders.     

It's Only Temporary: Time Frame and the Dynamics of Creative Project Teams

The success of many knowledge‐intensive industries depends on creative projects that lie at the heart of their logic of production. The temporality of such projects, however, is an issue that is insufficiently understood. To address this, we study the perceived time frame of teams that work on creative projects and its effects on project dynamics. An experiment with 267 managers assigned to creative project teams with varying time frames demonstrates that, compared to creative project teams with a relatively longer time frame, project teams with a shorter time frame focus more on the immediate present, are less immersed in their task and utilize a more heuristic mode of information processing. Furthermore, we find that time frame moderates the negative effect of team conflict on team cohesion. These results are consistent with our theory that the temporary nature of creative projects shapes different time frames among project participants, and that it is this time frame that is an important predictor of task and team processes.