服务质量评价特征及服务补救策略

从一个较新的视角透视、分析了服务质量及其评价标准特征,即顾客感知的服务质量和顾客满意度.顾客感知的服务质量包括两个方面,即产出的技术质量和过程的职能质量;服务质量等价于顾客满意度.然后基于对服务质量的新评价思想,提出实施服务补救策略是提升服务质量必然选择的策略以及服务补救策略实施的具体运作技术.     

心理契约视角下在线购物预防性服务补救对消费者宽恕的影响

“顾客沉默”导致的服务失败频繁发生,现有研究缺乏对预防性服务补救适用条件的界定及其潜在机制的深入研究。本研究基于服务补救理论和心理契约提出3个研究假设,构建了预防性服务补救对消费者宽恕的研究框架,通过实地实验和行为实验等三个实验,利用发货延迟、商品与图片展示不符等真实消费情境,通过方差分析和Bootstrapping分析进行实证分析。研究结果表明:网购情境下预防性服务补救对消费者宽恕和消费者满意具有积极影响,且预防性有形补救比心理补救更能激发消费者的宽恕意愿;心理契约和消费者移情在预防性服务补救和消费者宽恕之间发挥连续中介作用;品牌故事在预防性服务补救和消费者宽恕的影响中起调节作用。本研究结果丰富了预防性服务补救与消费者宽恕的理论研究,同时对企业制定合理的预防性服务补救策略提供了指导性的实践建议。     

服务补救理论综述及运作策略探讨

无论多么优秀的企业,服务失败都不可避免。当发生服务失败时,迅速有效的服务补救可以提升顾客满意度和忠诚度。为此,服务提供者应该进行预应性设计,以降低可能的服务失败所带来的影响。通过对服务补救及其理论基础进行回顾,归纳总结了服务补救的三个理论,并对三个理论之间的关系进行了探讨,给出整合了三个理论的服务补救研究框架;最后提出应对服务补救的运作策略。     

服务补救中顾客情绪对顾客满意之影响的实证研究

在顾客服务补救满意的研究中,本文引入情绪变量,提出了包含服务失败、服务补救整个过程的研究模型,采用情景模拟的方法进行了实证研究。研究表明:顾客在服务补救后的满意,受顾客服务补救后情绪的影响,而不是受顾客服务失败时的初始情绪的影响。其中,补救后积极情绪对补救满意有显著的正向影响;补救后外在归因消极情绪对补救满意有显著的负向影响。     

浅谈服务补救与服务生产率间的关系

服务补救是服务提供者为了应对服务失误所采取的所有行动,其目的在于使顾客从不满意转变为满意的状态,企业通过采取外部服务补救与内部服务补救最终让顾客满意,分析服务失误的原因及正确的总结经验教训可以提高企业的服务生产率,本文针对它们的这一关系进行了简单的论述。     

基于顾客忠诚度角度的服务补救模型及策略的实证研究——以中国电信湖南分公司为例

随着服务经济的迅猛发展,服务补救成为理论界和企业界关注的重要课题之一。从服务的本质来看,服务失误不可避免,而一旦出现服务失误,企业就应该进行服务补救,因为它对维持顾客忠诚度以及为企业带来效益具有重要的意义。在此基础上,本文采取问卷方式搜集数据,运用结构方程建模对中国电信湖南分公司进行了实证研究,得出服务失误对服务补救、服务补救时顾客忠诚度具有显著的正相关性,以及服务失误对顾客忠诚度具有显著的负相关性等结论。     

基于对顾客服务失误补救满意度的影响研究

近些年来,企事业组织把“即时补救”作为一种规范来执行。本文在服务补救领域提出相对性延迟补救的概念,将相对性延迟补救这一重要变量引入研究,构建了基于补救时机、人格特质、年龄差异对补救满意度影响的概念模型,以情景模拟方法对模型进行了实证检验。这对丰富服务营销理论和提高企事业管理水平均有重要意义。     

基于顾客自我调整导向的差异化服务补救策略研究

已有的服务补救研究认为服务补救应该和服务失败匹配,没有深入探讨顾客心理差异对补救效果的影响。本文提出服务补救应和顾客特征相匹配,从"自我调整导向"角度区分顾客的心理特征,研究顾客的个体差异对服务补救效果的影响。服务补救方式被区分为"多获利"型和"少损失"型两类;顾客的自我调整导向有"趋利"和"避害"之分。本文选取餐馆行业,采用实验方法考察顾客的自我调整导向与补救努力的交互作用对顾客感知的补救绩效和补救满意的影响。通过多因素协方差分析研究发现,当补救努力与顾客的自我调整导向一致时,顾客的感知补救绩效更高,对补救更加满意;对于"趋利"导向的顾客,"多获利"型补救方式效果更好;对于"避害"导向的顾客,"少损失"型补救方式更加有效。     

服务补救效果的双期望理论：动态的视角

本研究提出了一个理论框架试图解释文献中关于服务补救悖论（Service Recovery Paradox）是否存在的争论。作者引入可能期望（Will Expectation）和应该期望（Should Expectation）的概念,针对单次补救和多次补救的情境,讨论了两种期望和服务补救感知之间的关系以及对服务补救满意度的影响。服务补救感知和应该期望之间的不一致才是导致服务补救悖论产生的直接原因。文章从理论上解决了对服务补救悖论的矛盾发现,讨论了这一理论的学术和实践意义。     

高星级酒店管理中服务补救的构建

随着服务行业的快速发展,服务失败是在所难免的,因此服务补救越来越受到学者和实业者的关注。服务补救能从根本上提升客户满意度和忠诚度,从而增强高星级酒店的竞争力。本文对服务补救的产生背景进行深入分析,并提出服务补救在高星级酒店管理中的必要性。最后对服务补救的构建提出切实可行的方案,旨在提高我国高星级酒店的服务水平、竞争能力和业务拓宽。     

基于公平理论探讨服务补救质量影响的实证研究——来自中国电信服务行业的证据

企业与客户交易时并不会一帆风顺,当客户面对交易过程中出现的故障时,不同服务补救措施会如何对客户感知、满意度和信任度产生影响?本文区别于以往实验或准实验法为主的定性或定量研究,引入组织行为学的公平理论,采取真实客户服务数据,基于不同客户类型深入探讨服务补救质量对客户满意、客户信任和客户忠诚的影响.实证研究发现,服务补救质量对感知价值、满意和信任均会产生正向作用;大客户对服务补救过程中的"互动公平"最为重视,公众客户更为强调"结果公平"的影响.这就告诉服务型企业应如何采取补救措施,大客户看重过程,一般客户更看重结果.本文从理论和实践两方面为服务补救领域的研究提供了有力证据.     

A Service Quality Process Map for Credit Card Processing

Evaluating marketing (external) and operations (internal) service quality performance in most organizations is a data-oriented management task that involves many variables for many different types of services. These two diverse sets of service quality information seldom “match up well” because the marketing and operations functions define and evaluate service quality “their way.” Management's interpretation of what the data “mean” often contributes to extra meetings, unnecessary disagreements within and between functional areas, and poor decision making. This situation can affect the quality and timing of decisions, and ultimately, the organization's profitability and market share. This paper quantitatively relates the customer's evaluation (perception) of service quality directly to the activities and performance criteria of the service delivery process for a credit card processing center. Basic statistical analyses and a recursive path analysis model define the relationships between marketing- and operations-based service quality information. The idea of a “service quality process map” is introduced. A service quality process map relates a flowchart of the service delivery process to the customer's perception of service using the power of multivariate data analysis. Management insights gained from an analysis of marketing (external) and operations (internal) measures of service quality performance can be used to allocate resources wisely. The objective is to gain the most improvement in the customer's perception of service for the least cost. Service quality with this type of evaluation capability can be used to gain competitive advantage in the marketplace.     

The Economic Payout Model for Service Guarantees

Service guarantees consist of a promise to a customer (marketing), the delivery of a service to the customer (operations), and actions to appease the customer when service failures happen (recovery). A part of recovery involves offering the customer an economic and/or noneconomic payout when things go wrong. When the economic payout is too high or low, the impact on the organization and the customer is usually negative. Therefore, determining the size of the economic payout is of critical strategic and tactical importance in businesses. Yet, no systematic quantitative methods are found in the literature to help managers determine the economic payout for service failures. The current ways an economic payout is determined are management judgment, the consensus of customer focus groups, competitive benchmarking, and the use of simple expected value methods. In this article, we define the Economic Payout Model for Service Guarantees (EPMSG) that provides an optimal service guarantee economic payout under certain conditions. The EPMSG and its objective function considers customer revenue over the short‐ and long‐term, the cost of creating and providing the service, the cost of recovery, the probability of a service failure, and the probability of customer retention as a function of economic payout. A numerical example is provided of how EPMSG works. Customer retention probability distributions are examined assuming normal and gamma distributions. We end the article by describing the theoretical contributions, model limitations, managerial implications, and opportunities for future research.     

考虑不确定性影响的银行服务质量评价

本文研究了不确定性对服务质量评价的影响,建立了服务质量评价的均值—方差模型,并进行了实证分析和检验。这一模型被应用来对我国主要商业银行的服务质量和顾客满意度进行排序分析,其结果显示银行服务质量的提高应该从服务的平均水平和一致性两个方面来努力。     

关系品质对服务补救效果的调节作用

在关于服务补救的文献中,许多研究过于强调服务补救属性本身对补救后顾客态度和行为意向的影响。其实,它们不仅仅取决于类似于特定服务补救属性的感觉要素,还取决于类似于关系品质这样的知觉要素。为了揭示知觉要素对服务补救效果的重要性,本文以关系品质作为调节变量来考察它对服务补救过程中顾客的态度标识参数和行为意向的影响,发现关系品质对于服务补救效果确实存在着积极的调节作用,并根据这一发现提出了相应的营销建议。最后,文章给出了本研究的局限和未来的研究方向。     

A Mathematical Model of Service Failure and Recovery Strategies*

Understanding the nature of service failures and their impact on customer responses and designing cost‐effective recovery strategies have been recognized as important issues by both service researchers and practitioners. We first propose a conceptual framework of service failure and recovery strategies. We then transform it into a mathematical model to assist managers in deciding on appropriate resource allocations for outcome and process recovery strategies based on customer risk profiles and the firm's cost structures. Based on this mathematical model we derive optimal recovery strategies, conduct sensitivity analyses of the optimal solutions for different model parameters, and illustrate them through numerical examples. We conclude with a discussion of managerial implications and directions for future research.     

顾客感知服务质量的价值曲线评价方法

激烈的竞争和快速的变化使许多服务和零售企业进一步寻求使其能够标新立异的获利途径。在这些企业中,与成功紧密联系的一个战略是输送高质量的服务。然而,对于服务质量的衡量及评价方法乃至如何发现使顾客感知服务质量产生质的飞跃的关键要素问题,一直困扰着理论研究者和实践开发者。本文打破传统的逻辑战略思维,从价值创新的思路出发提出了价值曲线评价方法。该方法是发现使顾客感知服务质量产生质的飞跃的关键要素的有效方法之一。文章首先论述了价值曲线评价方法的步骤,接着从五个方面论述了该方法的逻辑思路,最后提出了实施价值曲线评价方法的五个平台。     

The FAIRSERV Model: Consumer Reactions to Services Based on a Multidimensional Evaluation of Service Fairness

The current dominant conceptualization of consumer reactions to services is the SERVQUAL model. This article proposes the FAIRSERV model as an alternative or additional conceptualization of consumer reactions to services. FAIRSERV involves seeing service evaluation through the lens of organizational fairness (justice) theory applied to the relationship between the service consumer and the service provider. FAIRSERV is premised on the claim that, especially in relational service contexts, consumers are interested in service fairness as well as service quality (service favorableness) as represented by SERVQUAL. Service fairness or justice is a multidimensional construct based on equity theory. In this article, the FAIRSERV model is tested with the SERVQUAL model in the context of information system services. The two models are used to predict service satisfaction and repatronage intention. The FAIRSERV model appears to add a significant new set of predictors of service satisfaction and repatronage intention that should be considered in the future by service providers.