论多元文化视域下民族地区和谐社会的构建

和谐社会是一个多样性文化共生发展的社会.多样性文化共生发展是和谐社会的本质体现,也是和谐社会的内在要求.然而多元文化是一把双刃剑,给民族地区和谐社会构建注入新的血液的同时也黏附着一些不确定因素;文化和谐是民族地区构建和谐社会的基石,推进多样性文化与主导性文化的和谐发展是民族地区构建和谐社会的基本路径选择.     

多元文化背景下民族预科学生英语习得研究

少数民族预科学生文化背景的多元化是开展第二语言教学研究的活样本,民族多样性和文化多元化对预科学生英语习得的影响,既有不利的方面,也存在有利的因素。了解和认识文化差异,进而接受和欣赏异质文化,这是民族预科英语教学应有的思想境界和文化高度。加强多元文化教育,使学生在习得英语的同时,跨文化意识及交际能力也相应提高,为今后英语学习作好语言基础和文化心态的准备。     

青海民族地区双语教育的多元重构与文化反思——以藏族地区数学教育为例

本文在问卷调查的基础上,从社会微观视角出发,以青海藏区多元文化场域的双语教育与区域发展的社会重构为主题,探析了新时期青海民族地区社会文化的多样性、区域文化的互动性、民族文化在区域利益层面的博弈性等多重社会文化样态及影响因素。着重指出:青海民族地区双语教育的拓展与推进基于多元民族文化场域中异质文化间的并存共生、良性互动与包容共享,民族地区双语教育不能忽视文化发展的多元性与多样性,共享、包容与尊重是双语教育最终取得发展的动力根源所在。     

加拿大的联邦制和多元文化主义

序言人们常把加拿大描写成多样性的国家,而这种多样性表现在地理、人种、民族、语言、文化、社会、政治、经济等各个方面。自19世纪加拿大国家建设以来,多样性是现实的,并且是以国家的理念而延续下来的,这么说一点也不过分。可是,作为理念应由国家在宪法基础上积极保护的多样性的对象,清楚的是语言上的英法二元性,而不清楚的是限定于对创立以宗教为中心的一般的文化、社会的二元性之国家有所贡献的两大民族为轴心而周旋的局     

青海民族地区多元文化与社会秩序的当代建构

本文在资料梳理与田野调查的基础上,从微观社会学的角度出发,以青海民族地区多元文化场域的空间表达与社会秩序的当代建构为主题,探析了新时期青海民族地区宗教文化的多样性、区域文化的互动性、民族文化在区域利益层面的博弈性等多重社会文化样态及影响因素.着重指出:民族地区多元民族文化并存共生、良性互动与包容共享,是建构国家利益、区域利益、民族利益和谐共生的社会文化基础.     

论城市多元文化的共生态

从社会共生论角度,探讨了城市多元文化的共生态模式及其表现形式,并结合国内外城市发展的实际,提出了相应的建设措施,以期有益于文化多样性的保护与维持,及城市文明的发展.     

跨文化背景下的商务英语课程多元文化教学

在经济竞争异常激烈的今天,跨文化交际是商务社会中司空见惯的现象。而由于交际对象的差异性,培养商务英语专业学生的多元文化意识已成为高校教育必须承担的任务。因此,文章旨在通过探讨多元文化的概念以及商务英语课程多元文化教学的途径,以期给广大教师一点启示。     

论多元民族文化中生物形象的符号学意义

多元民族文化与生物多样性两者有着密切的联系。生物形象已渗透在少数民族的民间文学、服饰文化、民俗文化和信仰文化之中。多元民族文化源于生物多样性,并反作用于生物多样性。     

多元文化与科学素养的提高

科学素养的提高是实现民族现代化的迫切需要,而民族文化的多样性与差异性决定了我国全民科学素养的提高必须基于多元文化的背景.我们有必要借鉴多元文化科学教育理论,结合我国的民族文化特点与当前少数民族科学教育发展状况,就多元文化背景下科学素养的提高进行探讨.     

论民族多元文化课程的内涵与特征

民族多元文化课程是指以民族文化多样性为前提,整合多元化的民族文化资源以适应所有学生的学习需求,旨在消除歧视和偏见,促进社会正义的一种课程形态。它是实施民族多元文化教育的重要途径。从民族多元文化间的关系来看,民族多元文化课程具有民族文化的多元平等性、民族文化的会通整合性和民族文化的互动创生性三个显著特征。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.     

Citizenship, ‘rubbished’ dissidents and local restoration of the dead – the execution of Luri political activists in south-western Iran

The paper's focus is a critical moment in the trajectory of the Islamic state in Iran, the trace of which was still discernible in the presidential election of 2009. It draws on ethnographic research among the Lurs of south-western Iran between 1979–1982 to examine the impact of the abolition of politics as contested representations at the centre on a ‘remote’ periphery. The end of a short-lived political activity, as a distinct form of power, in Iran in 1981 was earmarked by mass executions of which only 1600 had been officially counted for the period of 20 June to September 1981 (Amnesty International). The executed were guilty of expressing dissent against divine rule of which the Islamic state was an embodiment. Although the Lurs paid a less heavy penalty for this ‘crime’ than elsewhere in the country the survivors' response to the loss of a young relative in the hands of Islamic executioners was noticeably muted. The response is looked at as the restoration of the status of the dead to the executed relative whose body had been ‘rubbished’ – wrapped in an American flag and abandoned unburied in a desolate place by the Muslim executioners. The paper argues ‘rubbishing’ signified the annihilation of citizenship under the Islamic rule in which the body of the citizen is seen as harbouring ‘the most corrupt’ subject, the sinner who could not even be ‘rectified’ through a less destructive use of force – flogging and mutilation. It, therefore, had to be disposed of – ‘rubbished’. The survivors, on the other hand, by confining themselves to the symbolic return of the executed relative to the community left unacknowledged his quest for equality and liberty. By their reluctance to remember and recount the executed's words and deeds the survivors refused to grant him the ‘immortality’ of a citizen whose death outlived his destruction. The brutal suppression of political agency at the centre and its muted recognition in the periphery are explained as a negation of political power. The power entails postponing the use of force to the last resort thus allowing plurality as a human condition to be realised. Consequent on this realisation is the publicly contested opinions by many who would inevitably challenge the truths guarded by few both at the centre and periphery. It was this challenge that led the ruling mullahs to invoke the Koranic Truths to annihilate the disseminators of opinions. The unspoken citizenship of the annihilated dissidents in the periphery served in turn to reassert the Lurs' historically cherished otherness geared to the use of force. The citizenship called for a discursive inclusion of Lurs, through the use of ‘the pen’, in a wider world, by postponing the use of force. In contrast, the traditional Luri rebels relied heavily on an immediate use of force, through the celebrated ‘rifle’, to perpetuate their perceived inaccessibility. Resistance leads to emancipation, the paper argues, when the particularised subjectivity of local actors is superseded in the universal – objectified – political space in which the agent, i.e. the citizen, overrides the boundaries within which localness is reproduced.     

犹太人能成为基督徒吗?反思、挑战与困惑

本文从一名犹太基督徒的视角出发,阐述了在作者身上所发生的犹太教与基督教身份之间的张力,并从耶稣、保罗以及早期犹太基督徒身上寻找解决方案,进而消解基督教与犹太教之间历史上的误会与冲突,以及如何从基督教的角度去协同与犹太教的关系。最后,作者陈述了现代以色列国内巴勒斯坦人的现状,并提出作为一个基督徒的正当立场。     

From man to men to missing links

Has racial thinking always existed? Have human populations always organized and delineated difference through racial categories? This paper argues that race and racism are the products of nineteenth century European thought wherein radically new conceptions of time permitted new ways of articulating and classifying difference. It was possible for race to become the organizing principle around which to delineate human variation at that moment when the singularity of human time was shattered into multiple temporalities. It is when man's origin comes to be pluralized (the origins of men) that the modern category of race is born and the modern prejudice of racism finds expression.