以“三个代表”为指导,加快广州城市化进程

本文以“三个代表”为指导 ,阐述了广州城市化与发展先进生产力、发展先进文化、满足人民根本利益三者之间的关系 ;围绕建设现代化中心城市的目标 ,在广州城市化的途径、城市产业升级、城市规划与建设、城市管理体制改革、城市精神文明建设等方面提出了一些具体建议 ,对广州城市化建设具有决策参考价值     

浅析我国城市化进程中的若干法律问题

所谓城市化是指随着工业化过程以及经济的发展,分散于乡村的人口和非农业经济活动不断地进行空间上的聚集,逐渐地向城市转移的过程,以及城市内部结构逐渐高级化的过程.综观世界各国的经济发展经验,城市化是经济发展的必然结果,我国自然也不例外.然而,城市化也给我们带来了一系列的问题,如土地问题、环境保护与可持续发展问题、劳动就业与社会保障问题等,而这些问题都涉及经济法领域所调整的重要的经济关系.因而,加强经济法对于城市化进程的调控,从而有效地解决这些问题,将有力地推动我国城市化进程和经济的持续健康发展.本文以经济法的角度来探讨在我国城市化进程中如何通过完善立法解决上述问题.     

城市化发展的新定位与战略调整

未来数十年我国城市化发展将步入高峰时期,成为推动经济持续增长的核心。基于经济发展方式转变的需要,城市化发展不仅应在经济层面上优化产业结构,平衡投资与消费的关系,提高资源的利用效率并减小对环境的负面影响,完善城市的整体功能,还应重新认识政府在城市化中的地位和作用。不论是行政驱动力还是市场驱动力,在支配城市化发展过程中都会出现一定程度的失灵,关键在于协调两者在城市化过程中的地位和功能。     

上海人口集聚与城市空间的重构

中国城市，尤其象北京、上海、广州等这些特大城市，在进入８０年代后出现了大量的流动人口。其原因主要在于历史上存在的城乡之间的差异和地区之间的差别，且通过市场经济的大力推进和劳动就业结构的变化，导致这些地区的差异有所扩大，因而引发了农村大量剩余劳动力的流入。源源不断的农村劳动力流入城市后，使上海的人口进一步高度集聚，城市行政区划不断扩张和延伸。人口的高度集聚一方面加速了城市化的进程，另一方面也给城市发展带来了一定的负面效应。一、人口基本态势、流动人口与城市人口的集聚上海由于其特殊的地理位置和环境条件…     

中国近代城市化的发展与动因研究--以镇集高度发达的广东为例

以广州、汕头为中心的南粤城市(镇)发展是中国近代城市化史的重要内容之一,这个过程始于20世纪初,兴盛于抗日战争以前.广东城市(镇)密度及其人口规模均达到国内前列水平.农村人口向城市流动是城市化的核心所在,由于广东农村极为贫困,大量农民被迫流入城镇谋生.日本入侵给广东城市造成严重破坏,而城市化进程中的畸态亦制约了其深入发展.     

城市化进程与都市文化研究在中国的发生

城市化进程正在全球范围内对当代人类的生活与命运产生着深刻与重要的影响。而由于在物质基础、历史条件、社会环境、发展前景等方面的差异,其进程与结果也总是难免“几家欢乐几家愁”。由这一剧烈社会变动所产生的“城市问题”乃至“城市危机”,在世界各国普遍存在,对于当代中国来说也是如此。从城市化的历史看,这一进程在人类社会中已持续了一二百年的时间。另一方面,在经济社会发展不断走向知识化、信息化与全球化的背景下,当代的城市化也呈现出一些重要的新特点。按照一般的分类原则,城市化可以划分为城镇化、中小城市化与都市化三类,但与一两个世纪前英美等国家的城市化发展道路不同,以国际化大都市与世界级都市群为标志的“都市化”模式在当代占据了举足轻重的地位。另一方面,都市化的影响并不限于数量有限的都市人口或几个国际化大都市,在现代化的交通与信息技术条件下,当代都市及其生活方式早已成为一般中小城市乃至乡村竞相模仿的主流与中心,因而,在大都市发展过程中所有的优点与问题,一般都超越了都市空间乃至于民族—国家的界限,它们既是全人类都需要认真面对的生存境遇,也是每一个当代人都需要认真思考的世界性难题。在当代城市化进程中出现的“都市化”新特点,其范围已超出了经济社会领域,并深刻地影响到精神生产、文化消费乃至于审美趣味等方面。在都市化进程中产生的各种文化与精神问题,不仅直接促使了中国民族生活方式与价值观念等方面的转型,同时也为当代中国人文学术提供了一个重要的研究领域。本期笔谈就可以看作是中国当代人文学术对城市化浪潮挑战的一个回应,我们期望能有更多的学者来关注、研究中国城市化的理论与现实问题,特别是城市化与精神生产的问题。     

城市化与产业结构调整分析

城市化与产业结构的调整是两个相互作用、相互影响、互为因果的过程:经济的发展和产业结构的演变导致城市化的发展,产业结构的演变是城市化的动因;城市化的实质是由于生产力变革引起的人口和其他生产要素从农业部门向非农业部门转移的过程,城市化是产业结构演变的根本标志。文章从二者互动关系入手,分析了全国城市化与产业结构调整。在现阶段,要促进我国经济的持续、快速、健康发展,必须双管齐下,实行合理的产业结构政策和城市化策略,使二者相互促进、共同发展。     

论大都市郊区的城市化道路

自上世纪80年代以来,以城市的规模扩张和结构优化为基本特征的城郊工业化、城市化发展模式开始在我国蓬勃兴起。城郊由于紧紧靠近中心城区,比远离城区的一般乡村具有更强区位的承接优势,很容易承接中心城区的聚集和扩散效应,因而城郊的城市化、工业化更加有利于核心城区城市发挥其带动功能。在当前我国的城市化过程中,一方面是城市化率总体还不高,低于发达国家经济发展同期平均水平,另一方面在我国的一些大都市又表现出比较严重的城市病,探索大都市郊区的城市化道路对化解城市病和引导我国城市化健康快速发展具有十分重要的意义。     

农村工业化城镇化与新农村建设

农村工业化城镇化与城市工业发展和城市化,对建设新农村的关系是不一样的,城市工业发展和城市化与新农村建设具有统一性的一面,又有相矛盾的一面,而且两者的统一性,要通过中间环节的转化才能实现。而农村工业化城镇化与建设新农村具有直接的同一性。农村工业化的过程就是发展农村生产力的过程;农村城镇化的过程就是农民建设新家园、建立新社区的过程;农村工业化城镇化的过程,就是提高农民素质、增加农民收入的过程。     

固定资产减值准备与累计折旧的差异分析

固定资产减值准备与累计折旧都是固定资产的抵减项目 ,它们共同反映着固定资产的现时价值 ,有着许多相似之处 ,因而在实务中应加强对两者差别的认识 ,正确处理好两者的关系是固定资产核算的重要环节。本文着重分析了两者之间存在的差异。     

Reexamining the ethnic hierarchy of locational attainment: Evidence from Los Angeles

Because of a lack of data, the locational attainment literature has not incorporated documentation status into models examining group differences in neighborhood quality. I fill this void by using the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, which permits the identification of undocumented respondents, allowing a reexamination of the ethnic structure of locational attainment in this important immigrant-receiving city. Results first suggest that while undocumented Latinos live in the poorest quality communities, blacks live in neighborhoods that are similar to native-born Latinos and better than foreign-born Asians and Latinos. Second, the effects of education are strongest for blacks, allowing the highly educated an opportunity to reside in communities that are of better quality than educated Latinos and Asians. Thus, undocumented Latinos replace blacks at the bottom of the locational attainment hierarchy, allowing educated blacks in Los Angeles to reside in better neighborhoods than blacks in the nation at large.     

Housing crowding effects on children’s wellbeing

The degree to which children grow up in crowded housing is a neglected but potentially important aspect of social inequality. Poor living conditions can serve as a mechanism of social stratification, affecting children’s wellbeing and resulting in the intergenerational transmission of social inequality. This paper reports an investigation of housing crowding on children’s academic achievement, behavior, and health in the US and Los Angeles, a city with atypically high levels of crowding. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Child Development Supplement and the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey to explore the effect of living in a crowded home on an array of child wellbeing indicators. We find that several dimensions of children’s wellbeing suffer when exposed to crowded living conditions, particularly in Los Angeles, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. The negative effects on children raised in crowded homes can persist throughout life, affecting their future socioeconomic status and adult wellbeing.     

The design of a multilevel survey of children, families, and communities: The Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey

In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of the multilevel sample design for the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, a study of children, adults, families, and neighborhoods in Los Angeles County. This survey was designed to support multilevel analyses on a number of topics, including child development, residential mobility, and welfare reform. We describe the design of the baseline wave, highlighting the analytical and statistical issues that shaped the study. We also present the results of an in-depth statistical investigation of the survey’s ability to support multilevel analyses that was carried out as part of the study design. The results of this study provide important guideposts for future studies of neighborhoods and their effects on adults and children.     

Experiencing discrimination in Los Angeles: Latinos at the intersection of legal status and socioeconomic status

Despite its recent slowdown, immigration from Latin America continues to be a controversial issue. Some scholars argue that the social climate is increasingly inhospitable to Latinos, potentially fueling discriminatory attitudes and behaviors. However, little research has examined Latinos' experiences with discrimination, especially variation by nativity and legal status. We address this issue with research on perceived discrimination among Mexican and Central American residents of Los Angeles County, a major destination for Latin American immigrants. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and the American Community Survey, the analyses consider immigrants’ legal status, intersectionality, and competing perspectives on assimilation. The results show that undocumented immigrants do not report especially high levels of discrimination. Instead, young U.S.-born Latinos are the most likely to report mistreatment in interpersonal and institutional domains. Neighborhood ethnoracial and income diversity also have implications for perceived exposure to different types of discrimination.     

知识经济与广州城市性质功能定位

本文认为,面对２１ 世纪和知识经济时代,广州城市性质与功能的定位必然产生变化。广州要发展,必须发展知识经济,确立由４ 个系统组成的广州知识经济创新体系,确立教育和科技产业成为知识经济产业的一个支柱部门,成为广州发展的主导因素之一。为此,广州城市性质与功能应该定位为华南地区、东南亚地区的教育科技城和以知识经济产业为主体的多功能的中心城市     

关于广州师范学院师范生普通话水平现状的调查报告

本文认为普及普通话和提高普通话水平是语文现代化的首要任务。文章在对广州师范学院学生学习普通话的调查情况的基础上,分析了学生运用普通话时存在的主要问题。并为提高学生的普通话水平提出了几点建议。     

对跨世纪广州师范学院教师队伍建设的若干看法

本文论述跨世纪教师队伍建设的重大战略意义并针对广州师范学院的某些实际情况,提出抓好跨世纪教师队伍建设的若干对策。     

Early cognitive skills of Mexican-origin children: The roles of parental nativity and legal status

Although one-third of children of immigrants have undocumented parents, little is known about their early development. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and decennial census, we assessed how children's cognitive skills at ages 3 to 5 vary by ethnicity, maternal nativity, and maternal legal status. Specifically, Mexican children of undocumented mothers were contrasted with Mexican children of documented mothers and Mexican, white, and black children with U.S.-born mothers. Mexican children of undocumented mothers had lower emergent reading skills than all other groups and lower emergent mathematics skills than all groups with U.S.-born mothers. Multilevel regression models showed that differences in reading skills are explained by aspects of the home environment, but the neighborhood context also matters. Cross-level interactions suggest that immigrant concentration boosts emergent reading and mathematics skills for children with undocumented parents, but does not similarly benefit children whose parents are native born.     

广州市初中升学体育考试几个问题的思考

文章通过调查研究与文件资料分析,对广州市１９９２ 年以来初中毕业升学试行体育考试的改革实验及其基本经验进行了概括和总结,并对实践中亟待解决的几个问题提出了对策与建议,对广州市教育行政部门今后进行有关问题的决策,提供参考和依据     

大德本《南海志》残卷跋

本文详考元大德本《南海志》成书及其成为残存五卷本的传世经过,并概述此书保存宋元时期广州地区大量史料,参考价值大