中美制造实践差异及其对产品创新的影响

创新被认为是企业生存和组织竞争优势的关键因素.产品创新是企业创新最直接的体现,它既依赖于新概念、新思想的提出,又依赖于企业的制造实践的发展.本文利用国际制造战略调查(IMSS)的数据,通过对中国和美国制造实践差异及其对产品创新影响的分析,结果发现中国企业的制造实践普遍不如美国企业的制造实践,特别是组织层次过多,供应商和客户数量远低于美国企业,在先进制造技术的应用水平上也低于美国.结构方程模型的分析结果则表明,对美国企业而言,过去所采用的制造实践对产品创新具有较为明显的影响,而中国企业基本上没有影响.     

面向制造业务国际化的竞争优先权转移研究

从企业国际化的视角,研究了制造业务国际化过程中的竞争优先权转移问题。在对竞争优先权理论文献研究的基础上,提出研究命题:对于不同制造业务国际化类型的制造企业,其所选择的竞争优先权不尽相同。在IMSS2009的支持下,基于制造业务国际化程度,将企业分为本土、本洲以及全球制造型企业,分析了国际化制造企业的竞争优先权特征以及不同国际化程度的制造企业竞争优先权要素的特征差异。根据研究成果,构建了面向制造业务国际化的竞争优先权转移模型。     

基于工作流的企业业务过程集成建模方法

工作流管理是一种对业务过程进行支持、控制、监视和优化的先进工具. 将生产制造过程 BOM和Petri 网技术应用于企业业务过程,对于相关定义、建模分析以及从BOM到Petri 网的映 射实现算法进行了说明;对基于BOM- Petri 的建模方法进行了扩展优化;最后结合算法进行了 仿真研究.     

制造战略研究:现状、问题及趋势

制造战略从战略的角度审视企业的制造职能,认为企业的制造竞争力是企业赢得竞争优 势的有力武器. 对制造战略的概念、研究领域进行了总结,分析了制造战略研究和实践中存在 的问题,结合战略管理研究的趋势和企业竞争新的特点,提出了制造战略研究的趋势.     

装备制造企业视野下综合能源服务业务发展道路思考

<正>大力开展综合能源服务业务是国家电网公司深化发展的内在需求,在能源变革与电力市场改革背景下,立足装备制造企业的视野,准确把握综合能源服务市场的业务发展现状、客户用能需求现状,深入分析综合能源服务市场的竞争形势,就显得至关重要,本文针对以上内容开展调研,进行分析探讨并提出意见建议,希望能对国家电网公司的装备制造企业开展综合能源服务业务给予一定帮助。     

基于MDHGF的物流业务外包风险评估

面对日趋剧烈的竞争,企业越来越重视集中自己的主要资源和业务,而将其它资源与业务外包.但将业务外包过程中存在着风险,有些可能是致命的,本文将讨论采用MDHGF法,即将Delphi方法、层次分析法、灰色关联和模糊评价方法结合起来,进行风险的模糊评估,从而为企业是否将物流业务外包提供决策支持.     

我国制造企业“服务增强”的实证研究及政策建议

通过服务增强制造企业竞争力已成为全球化竞争和知识经济背景下我国制造企业的重要战略选择。本文研究我国制造企业服务增强的背景、概念、特征、机理和对策。在界定制造企业服务增强概念的基础上,本文提出并阐述了国内制造企业服务增强的质量弥补特征;随后基于调查问卷数据,对基于要素替代的质量弥补以及服务差异化竞争对绩效的影响展开实证研究;最后,指出国内制造业服务增强存在的不足和问题,提出对策建议。本文对企业管理实践者和政策制定者都有较强的启发意义。     

基于公平理论探讨服务补救质量影响的实证研究——来自中国电信服务行业的证据

企业与客户交易时并不会一帆风顺,当客户面对交易过程中出现的故障时,不同服务补救措施会如何对客户感知、满意度和信任度产生影响?本文区别于以往实验或准实验法为主的定性或定量研究,引入组织行为学的公平理论,采取真实客户服务数据,基于不同客户类型深入探讨服务补救质量对客户满意、客户信任和客户忠诚的影响.实证研究发现,服务补救质量对感知价值、满意和信任均会产生正向作用;大客户对服务补救过程中的"互动公平"最为重视,公众客户更为强调"结果公平"的影响.这就告诉服务型企业应如何采取补救措施,大客户看重过程,一般客户更看重结果.本文从理论和实践两方面为服务补救领域的研究提供了有力证据.     

W公司人力资源管理与审计研究

近年来,产品/服务模式和加工制造技术类企业的发展,越来越需要需要有竞争力的人力资源管理。基于此,本文将着眼于企业单位的人力资源规划与审计的实践研究。本研究通过对W公司的人力资源规划和审计实践情况进行调查,获得员工对人力资源服务的感知和反应,同时对人力资源审计与规划措施进行分析评价。结果表明,对人力资源规划的准确性和审计实践的正确性进行全面的评估还存在一些困难,但是我们可以为企业在人力资源管理方面提供一些措施不断的改善。     

复杂产品系统企业集成解决方案业务转型动因实证研究

在当今这个服务经济时代,复杂产品系统企业开展集成解决方案的业务转型,为客户提供集成解决方案业务,已经成为企业获取竞争优势的有效方法。在文献资料和国内企业调研访谈的基础上,初步提出14项复杂产品系统企业开展集成解决方案业务转型的动力因素。通过对问卷收集的数据进行实证研究,验证和提取出外部环境、客户需求、服务经济效益、以期获取竞争优势、企业供给5个关键动力因素,并对实证研究结果进行分析讨论。     

Corporate product planning: A vector analysis approach

This article presents one approach for reviewing corporate product decisions using vector analysis. Vector analysis is a relatively little used technique in business; however, it is helpful in dealing with marketing problems involving more than two major variables. This technique is especially useful to marketing executives since it can provide information for allocating resources to each brand in the product line.The companies in which this technique may be applied share certain characteristics: all have multi-products which are substitutable and distributed nationally; all depend on marketing as an important part of their operations and all use marketing research on a regular basis.     

Cloud platforms for remote monitoring system: a comparative case study

Abstract

Currently, industrial companies are increasingly introducing services to extend their tangible products. Remote monitoring solutions are one of the most implemented services by machine builders to manage their relationship with customers and also improve their business performance in the digital manufacturing era. However, the conventional method of remote monitoring cannot fulfill distributed business environments. Therefore, new solutions are needed to enable remote connection in manufacturing. By reviewing recent literature and proposing new features for software which can be used for remote service and operations, this research paper introduces a remote monitoring system connecting into a central cloud-based system with edge computing network architecture, namely Cloud-based Remote Monitoring (CloudRM). This proposed CloudRM also has been implemented in two different case companies for analysis and evaluation from a value proposition and technical implementation point of view. It shows significant improvement in production management and measurement by using CloudRM.     

The implementation of digital technologies for operations management: a case study for manufacturing apps

Abstract

Manufacturing applications address business to business (B2B) with highly customised applications developed for specific requirements, offering highly specialised solution-oriented and service-based software components, systems, and digital tools that aim at a fast and accurate decision-making support system. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of digital technologies for operations management using manufacturing or engineering apps (eApps), for product design and manufacturing processes. In particular, starting from the specific needs of two companies from mature European industries as automotive and food, this work depicts how this kind of solutions can support companies and improve their operations. In particular, related benefits and challenges faced for the full implementation of the developed tools are highlighted. Moreover a business model to exploit the manufacturing apps is also proposed. The business model proposed for the exploitation of the eApps supports the commercialisation of all the revenue streams offered by this rapidly growing sector taking into account the specific needs of the concerned stakeholders through a diversified value proposition.     

Linking long-term capacity management for manufacturing and service operations

For firms that combine manufacturing and service operations in one system, the task of managing capacity is not straightforward. New goods and services may not have the same set of competitive priorities, and the models and concepts available in the literature for service operations differ from those for manufacturing operations. We address this problem and review the concepts and models for capacity management in the long term in both streams of literature, i.e. manufacturing and services, to develop a unified framework for manufacturing and service operations. The framework creates transparency between new goods manufacturing and service operations, since the same long-term capacity management structure is used for both product types, as well as between capacity strategy and planning strategy, since new goods and services are treated simultaneously. In the framework, the concepts of chase and level strategies are redefined for service operations to allow for integration with manufacturing operations. A case study demonstrates the usefulness of the integrated approach for long-term capacity management.     

Strategic management of consumer services

A period of more rigorous strategic management is under way in consumer service businesses. In banking, insurance, lodging, media, retailing, housing, restaurants and education, more growth must come from competitive share shift. This paper b shows the need for a different set of strategies to win in services than have been shaped in the product business context. Specific illustrations show how leading U.S. consumer service companies are building strategic advantage while also improving the value of their business.     

E-business services and business performance: a study of the telecommunications manufacturing industry

The development of information and communication technologies has significantly changed the business interactions as well as created new approaches for improving business performances. While the benefits from this development have been well documented in the literature, it also poses a significant challenge for companies in tracking or further improving e-business services. This article contributes to this body of knowledge by investigating the impact of e-business service dimensions on business performance in the telecommunications manufacturing industry. Based on 121 usable responses from a questionnaire survey of the UK telecommunication manufacturers, structural equation modelling is employed to identify the main e-business service dimensions which affect business performance significantly. The data analysis reveals that two e-business service dimensions significantly influence suppliers’ performance from the buyer's perspective. It also indicates the significant relationships between suppliers’ performance, buyer-perceived buyer–supplier relationship maintenance and the buyer's competitive advantage. The findings in this research not only help the supplier to understand which practices significantly improve its overall performance (as perceived by the buyer), but also assist the buyer in its supplier development efforts to improve its own business performance.     

社交网络情境下基于同侪影响的产品线规划研究

依托社交网络优化产品线是实现“匹配消费者需求带动产品设计-制造-营销全流程协调发展”的重要途径,尽管已经引起实业界的重点关注,相应的学术研究却十分匮乏。鉴于此,本文基于同侪影响理论与前景理论,结合社交网络情境下消费者的产品需求、偏好及决策,构建涵盖产品线营销层面和设计层面的双层规划模型;然后结合智能手机产品线实例,运用嵌套灰狼算法对该双层规划模型进行求解验证。本研究旨在提出社交网络与产品线规划之间耦合作用的联合优化框架,为面向社交网络的产品线规划提供理论依据。     

An exploratory study of manufacturing strategy practices of machinery manufacturing companies in India

This paper presents findings of a survey on manufacturing strategy practices adopted by the Indian machinery manufacturing companies (IMMC). Based on the survey, three companies have been selected for detailed case studies. Their experiences in the manufacturing strategy process are analyzed. Although the companies represented diversity in terms of product type, sales volume, and geographic location, they share several commonalties including use of advanced manufacturing technologies and use of several improvement techniques. The process of strategy formulation varied among the companies in terms of participants, complexity and degree of formalization. Competitive priorities, order winners and critical success factors are also identified for these companies. Based on strategic manufacturing issues, manufacturing competence index and business performance index for the companies has been worked out.     

Revenue Management in Business Services

A significant portion of the services industry is focused on providing services (medical, legal, financial, personal, and travel) to individuals. However, studies have shown that a less visible but rapidly growing segment of the service sector comprises firms that provide business functions to other businesses. The sector covers tasks such as payroll processing, procurement, and information systems management, as well as business consulting, technical support, call center operations, and software development. Firms may choose to purchase, rather than perform, these business functions to reduce costs, to mitigate risk, or simply to focus on their processes that provide marketplace differentiation. Transferring a business function from within a firm to an outside supplier is often called “outsourcing”; when the supplier provides the service from a lower‐cost country, it is called “offshoring.” The risks and benefits of outsourcing to the firm purchasing a business service have been studied in some detail by both academics and consultants. In this paper, we outline revenue management issues faced by business service providers and describe some new opportunities for the use of analytic methods in the service science sector.