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1.
This article discusses the reception of Chinese qigong in a Western context by focusing on the learning and experiencing of qigong in Norway. Drawing on ethnographic material from fieldwork among participants of a style of qigong referred to as Biyun medical qigong, I in particular explore the variety of body–mind states that Norwegian qigong students experience. I have differentiated five “stages” of Biyun practice. Using these stages as a framework, I demonstrate
the gradual progression in the learning of qigong. “Body,” “concentration,” and qi (“life energy”) are all important constitutive dimensions in the practice, but as the learning progresses, qi becomes more
and more prominent. Drawing on a definition of the body as “learning to be affected” and “learning to affect” (Despret, Body
Soc 10:111–134, 2004; Latour, Body Soc 10:205–229, 2004), I suggest that qigong may be perceived as a practice that, at its core, involves learning to be affected by qi as well as to affect qi.
相似文献
Gry SagliEmail: |
2.
Keumjae Park 《Gender Issues》2008,25(1):26-42
Whether immigrant women’s introduction to paid labor empowers them with greater autonomy or exacerbates their oppression has
been debated variously in the scholarship on gender and migration. In this paper, the author examines Korean immigrant women’s
perspectives on work outside the home after migration. Based on in-depth interview data, the paper emphasizes Korean women’s
own interpretations of work and motherhood, and highlights the ways in which they define and redefine work in relation to
other aspects of their post-migration experiences. The analysis finds that income producing work is not empowering in and
of itself, but contingent upon other post-migration challenges such as economic downward mobility and women’s changed roles
as working mothers. Furthermore, women’s perception of work fluctuates over time. The findings suggest that paid work should
not be simply interpreted as an empowering change, but the linkage between work and other aspects of immigrant women’s post-migration
realities needs to be more closely examined.
相似文献
Keumjae ParkEmail: |
3.
This study examines the medical profession in post-Soviet society, where women have been in the majority of the physicians
for almost seven decades. It examines pediatricians’ and surgeons’ definitions of the professional skills and qualities needed
for “good” work. Lithuania is used as a case study. Thirty-six semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2005 with male
and female surgeons and pediatricians in Lithuania. The results show that the gender composition of the specialty—surgery
being a male-dominated and pediatrics a female-dominated specialty—tended to influence the way that physicians perceived the
qualities needed for good work. For surgeons, male-gendered qualities were prerequisites for being a good surgeon: physical
strength and being in control. Female surgeons added a female-gendered quality—empathy and compassion—that made them good
surgeons. A good pediatrician had a holistic and empathic approach and an ability to communicate, which were seen as female-gendered
skills. Male pediatricians experienced otherness in this specialty but did not, as women surgeons did, offer a counter discourse
in order to legitimate themselves as being as skilled as women.
相似文献
Elianne RiskaEmail: |
4.
This paper analyzes Taiwan’s engagement with the standardization of pharmaceutical clinical trials at the turn of this century.
Unlike approaches that treat local encounters with globalization as either reluctant acceptance or lasting resistance, this
study calls attention to a complicated process of negotiation, the conceptual gap between the illusion of a unified world
and the reality of persistently divided nation-states. To address this gap, an ethnographic investigation is required. Two
concepts, “bridging” and “voicing” (fasheng), are introduced in order to capture Taiwan’s unstable status, what I term “the
voice on the bridge,” in this process. Bridging emerged as a technical concept for evaluating pharmaceutical drugs’ possible
differential ethnic effects. But it also reflects the ambiguous reality of a world in which each state is an islet connected
to others by imaginary bridges. Fasheng (“voicing”) has to do with Taiwan’s long-held desire for world recognition as a state.
This paper is an ethnography of globalization and the state that traces how Taiwan created a regulatory resolution through
the idea of bridging and how this “voice” was articulated through various social strategies. It explores not only the complexity
of interactions in the technical field of regulatory science, but also argues that looking at such entanglements of science
and society makes it possible to move beyond simple interpretations of globalization.
相似文献
Wen-Hua KuoEmail: |
5.
Judith Kleinfeld 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):113-129
The existence of a “boy crisis” in the United States is a topic of public policy debate. This study examines the state of
American boyhood, using not only the commonly reviewed indicators of school achievement but also mental health, premature
death, injury, delinquency, and arrests. Boys are in trouble in many areas: low rates of literacy, low grades and engagement
in school, high dropout from school, and dramatically higher rates of placement in special education, suicide, premature death,
injuries, and arrests. Girls, however, suffer from other problems, especially depression, suicidal ideation and attempts,
and eating disorders, and are less likely to achieve at the very highest levels in mathematics and science. This study argues
that both boys and girls suffer from characteristic problems, but the issues affecting boys are serious and neglected.
相似文献
Judith KleinfeldEmail: |
6.
Sima Zalcberg 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):13-34
Women’s modesty norms are often perceived as governing women’s bodies and as patriarchal oppression. This study challenges
these perspectives, offering a deeper, multi-dimensional picture showing that the reality of the women’s life is much more
complicated. The article chose to discuss aspects of modesty among women of one of the most extreme Jewish ultra-Orthodox
groups, and in particular, to investigate how they experience an extremely demanding requirement—shaving off the hair on their
head upon marriage and covering their head with a black kerchief. The findings show that there are a variety of voices among
the women, ranging from the view that these practices are desirable, through the view that they empower the women, to the
view that they damage one’s attractiveness and are quite painful.
相似文献
Sima ZalcbergEmail: |
7.
Gwen Hunnicutt 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):35-50
Studies consistently show that female labor force participation is a correlate of infant and child homicide victimization.
Research and theory supports the notion that as women’s economic status improves, children are safer. Yet few existing studies
make use of feminist perspectives to explain child homicide. Further, homicide studies have focused heavily on urban areas
leaving a lacuna of understanding in the literature regarding rural areas. This study explores the connection between absolute
and relative female economic status and infant and child homicide victimization in both rural and urban U.S. counties. Results
show that absolute female economic status is positively associated with infant and child homicide in urban areas, but not
in rural areas. I argue that in rural areas, stronger collective sentiment and less differentiation diminishes the effect
of women’s status on child homicide. While rural areas are characterized by harsh economic realities, these realities are
nevertheless shared among men and women, decentering the link between child victimization and women status.
Gwen Hunnicutt is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests include exploring the connection between gender, age and victimization, studying masculinity, aggression and empathy in social context, and building theory to explain gender specific violence and nonviolence. Her most recent paper is titled, “Varieties of Patriarchy and Violence Against Women: Resurrecting ‘Patriarchy’ as a Theoretical Tool.” 相似文献
Gwen HunnicuttEmail: |
Gwen Hunnicutt is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Her research interests include exploring the connection between gender, age and victimization, studying masculinity, aggression and empathy in social context, and building theory to explain gender specific violence and nonviolence. Her most recent paper is titled, “Varieties of Patriarchy and Violence Against Women: Resurrecting ‘Patriarchy’ as a Theoretical Tool.” 相似文献
8.
Howard Hsueh-Hao Chiang 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):401-430
This paper “maps” a number of trajectories through which the conceptual contours of sex could be traced in the bioscientific
discourse of Republican China. Focusing on the writings of the embryologist Zhu Xi (1899–1962), I analyze the epistemic functionality
of such biological terms as ci (“biological femaleness”) and xiong (“biological maleness”) that acquired an unprecedented scope of cultural discursiveness in China only alongside the arrival
of Western biology, which replaced classical learning and natural studies as the authoritative field of inquiry about life.
I first show that when Chinese scientists used these terms to describe the sex of biological species, they relied on an epistemological
framework of visual knowledge that granted some foundational operative power to a signifying order in which one could know by seeing the differences between ci and xiong (and, ultimately, sexual differences). These two terms’ lexicality and indexicality thus mutually reinforced one another
in the production of their semiotic possibilities and epistemo-logicality. I then show that while they adopted ci and xiong as the bioscientific synonyms of the more culturally anthropocentric words such as nü (woman) and nan (man), Chinese biologists also incorporated sophisticated biological theories of sex from Europe and North America, including
the theories of “gynandromorphism” and “intersexuality.” The implicit and explicit figurations of hermaphroditism reveal the
ways in which at the heart of the entire bioscientific discourse of ci and xiong resides its key conceptual anchor: the human–non-human divide.
相似文献
Howard Hsueh-Hao ChiangEmail: |
9.
Misa Matsuda 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):167-188
This paper focuses on children in Japan who begin using mobile phones (keitai) while in elementary school and will discuss aspects of parental–child relationships that involve keitai use. Firstly, this paper presents an overview of a Japanese society presently immersed in mobile media, focusing particularly
on the spread of mobile media use to younger Japanese children. Data are presented from two research projects and analyzed
to examine the cause of, and circumstances that lead to, child keitai use. Increasing social anxieties about safety and parental concern have reportedly led to increasing perception that keitai use is valuable in times of emergency, or in order to prevent crime, leading to a shift in attitudes towards children’s keitai use: that which was formerly considered “unnecessary” has now become “necessary”. However, the anxiety about safety is shared
by almost all people and is therefore not itself a deciding factor regarding children’s keitai ownership. Keitai usage is, instead, prompted by several factors, some of which are not shared by children and parents. From this rift in reasoning
emerges a game of tug-of-war over ownership and use between children and parents.
相似文献
Misa MatsudaEmail: |
10.
Emma Bayne 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):130-140
Sweden is often hailed as a pioneering country regarding gender equity, but it still has gender equity issues to deal with,
and gender stereotyping is sometimes mentioned as one of them. Since the 1990s, Sweden has seen the emergence of many gender
pedagogy projects, not least in pre-schools. With gender equity projects among adults yielding limited results, the focus
has shifted to children to see if gender stereotypes can be countered in childhood. This article aims to provide an overview
of the gender pedagogy projects that have been carried out in Swedish pre-schools. The article covers background, methods
and insights gained.
相似文献
Emma BayneEmail: |
11.
Nina Toren 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):152-166
Ethnicity, gender and class are the major factors of social inequality and have been studied extensively leading to a large
literature pertaining to each one of them. The issue of the intersection of ethnicity, gender and class has been introduced
into the social sciences by feminist critical theory. Intersection theory postulates that minority groups are discriminated
against on the basis of more than one characteristic which are “inextricably tied” leading to complex forms of inequality
in various social domains. This study examines the intertwined effects of these factors as they are experienced and narrated
by Mizrachi women (19) who are employed in universities and colleges. Although the intersection approach is generally supported
by the data it was found that under certain conditions ethnicity, gender and class may be separated. One type of decomposition
is when one identity encroaches upon another or others; the second is the separation of diverse identities assigning them
to different life areas. These change processes do not support stereotypical dichotomies between Ashkenazi and Mizrachi, women
and men and so on, and enable the creation of new hybrid identities.
Nina Toren is professor of sociology in the School of Business Administration, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She holds a B.A. and M.A. from the Hebrew University, and a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in New York. She is the author of Social Work: The Case of a Semi-Profession, Science in Cultural Context: Soviet Scientists in Comparatrive Perspective, Hurdles in the Halls of Science: The Israeli Case, and articles on immigrant scientists, professionals in organizations and women in nontraditional occupations. She was Chair of the Committee of Women’s Representation in the Civil Service, and the Committee for the Advancement of Women in Academia. 相似文献
Nina TorenEmail: |
Nina Toren is professor of sociology in the School of Business Administration, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She holds a B.A. and M.A. from the Hebrew University, and a Ph.D. degree from Columbia University in New York. She is the author of Social Work: The Case of a Semi-Profession, Science in Cultural Context: Soviet Scientists in Comparatrive Perspective, Hurdles in the Halls of Science: The Israeli Case, and articles on immigrant scientists, professionals in organizations and women in nontraditional occupations. She was Chair of the Committee of Women’s Representation in the Civil Service, and the Committee for the Advancement of Women in Academia. 相似文献
12.
Marcella Gemelli 《Gender Issues》2008,25(2):101-113
This article explores the ideas of low-income single mothers on certain aspects of welfare reform, namely the Marriage Promotion
Act, which uses funds for the formation and maintenance of two parent families. Drawing on research with former and current
welfare recipients, the author explores how the mothers felt about certain welfare reform policies while trying to understand
their current work and family arrangements. Two main ideas behind welfare reform were to encourage paid work and two parent
families. While the mothers acknowledged that having access to a second wage earner would help themselves and their children
realize a life less complicated by monetary issues, they expressed anger and frustration at being encouraged to marry. Welfare
reform dictates that families receiving assistance take personal responsibility for their low-income lives and that paid work
is essential to moving a family out of poverty. The stories from the mothers interviewed for this study suggest that while
they valued work and wanted to work, to combine work with being a “good mother” was difficult to accomplish. Ultimately, what
these mothers suggest through their experiences is the contradiction of welfare reform—paid work does not necessarily provide
independence and marriage to another wage earner also undermines independence.
相似文献
Marcella GemelliEmail: |
13.
Jennifer Tomlinson 《Gender Issues》2008,25(4):246-266
The paper aims to develop a framework to understand the variant use of part-time work by employed mothers in the UK and US.
In particular, this paper seeks to explore how diversity in the use of part-time work can be explained when both countries
are associated with a neo-liberal form of capitalism (Hall and Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism: the institutional foundations
of comparative advantage, 2001) and welfare regime (Esping-Andersen, The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990). It is
argued here that by combining aspects of the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) and welfare regimes literatures with Gender Regime
theory (Walby, Social Politics, 11(1):4–29, 2004), a gender centred analysis of both the causes and consequences of divergent
working-time patterns can be more adequately achieved.
相似文献
Jennifer TomlinsonEmail: |
14.
15.
John P. DiMoia 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):361-379
This paper looks at the formation of a South Korean national health network by focusing on the introduction of an ambitious
National Family Planning (FP) Program under President Park Chung Hee (1961–1968). The program, influenced in part by the model
of its neighbor, Taiwan (Taichung), saw two pilot studies carried out in Koyang (rural, beginning in 1963) and Sundong-gu
(Seoul metropolitan area, 1964–1966), before being carried to rural areas nationwide. If the program began with numerous echoes
of Japanese colonial practice, it was mobilized specifically in terms of the emerging “modern” South Korean story and the
state’s relationship to the welfare of the individual family unit. Using a range of Korean and English-language sources, the
paper illustrates how the FP effort took: (1) the Koyang study of the effects of mass communication in rural areas as a tentative
blueprint for expanding its national agenda; (2) subsequently enlisted mobile transportation (1966) to expand the scope of
its reach; and finally, mobilized “Mothers’ Clubs” (1968) to penetrate the very fabric of rural society, making women both
the target as well as the primary means of distribution. Ultimately, this strategy of enlisting the active participation of
South Korean women on behalf of the program asked rural women in particular to submit their bodies to the state’s scrutiny,
even as they formed the core of the distribution network. In this respect, FP anticipated the mass mobilization of rural South
Korea in the New Village movement of the 1970s and leaves behind an ambiguous legacy of state control that is only just beginning
to be re-examined.
相似文献
John P. DiMoiaEmail: |
16.
Elisabeth Hsu 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(4):465-484
This introductory article provides an overview over the history of Chinese medicine, as it evolved in the People’s Republic
of China over the last 60 years. In particular, it highlights how Traditional Chinese Medicine (zhongyi), as invented in the 1950s during a period of nationalism marked by idealism and pride in China’s ancient philosophy and
cultural heritage, has evolved into a medicine that thrives on the contemporary global health market in a neoliberal climate.
This latter form of Chinese medicine, which the author, in accordance with its Chinese promoters, calls zhongyiyao “Chinese medicine and pharmacotherapy,” has led to a further materialization of the once scholarly medical currents of Chinese
medicine. However, as this volume will show, the globalization of Chinese medicine should not merely be considered in respect
of those aspects that are being sold in those niches of society that offer a cure for bodily ailments but also in respect
of those that—in accordance with the way Cartesian dualism has divided health care—are increasingly consumed as aspects of
preventive medicine, namely taijiquan, and qigong.
相似文献
Elisabeth HsuEmail: |
17.
Investigations with homeless populations have focused on those living on the streets or in shelters; few have examined phenomena
based on respondents’ self-definitions as homeless or not. This investigation examined similarities and differences among
risk factors (including mental health, substance abuse, religion/spirituality, social support, and risky sexual behaviors)
using two definitions of homelessness: one where place of residence defined individuals as homeless (the ‘objective’ or traditional,
definition) and another where respondents defined themselves as homeless (the ‘subjective’ definition). Data come from the
baseline survey of the NIAAA-funded “Sister-to-Sister” study (n = 339) of heavy-drinking women. Subjectively defined homelessness was associated with higher rates of mental health and substance
use disorders, lower rates of condom use, higher rates of trading sex for food, and less social support. Objectively defined
homelessness was associated with higher rates of drinking in abandoned buildings, on the streets, and in public restrooms,
more new sexual partners, and higher rates of trading sex for heroin and speedballs. Investigations failing to ask for subjective
information may misattribute some factors to homelessness which may overestimate the effect of various factors on homelessness.
Investigators should ask respondents to define their homelessness, or they lose an important dimension of the concept of homelessness.
相似文献
Linda B. CottlerEmail: |
18.
Although there is some awareness of how women in infertility treatment have suffered physically and psychologically, it is
a little known fact that there is a limit to the “cures” that can be achieved even with assisted reproductive technologies.
Here, I describe how the existence of ART affects women’s decision making about their lives. Through life histories of women
who underwent infertility treatment, I explore the factors which cause their suffering and conflict—that they cannot give
up on having children even though they want to give up—as follows: (1) The models of their ideal family which have been formed
throughout their lives is ‘ordinary’ family; (2) they experienced the alienation from their own bodies in infertility treatment;
(3) they are afraid that they deviate from the community norm because of infertility; (4) their narrative shows their suffering
from infertility is caused by tense relationship in family and community. These factors make women in infertility belittle
themselves. Through their life histories, I conclude that they need to be empowered if they want to akirameru (give up) having children after prolonged infertility treatment. To paraphrase, a woman who suffers from infertility and
infertility treatment is empowered when she becomes unafraid to deviated from cultural norms.
相似文献
Azumi TsugeEmail: |
19.
Jennifer A. Johnson 《Gender Issues》2009,26(1):65-84
My goal in this paper is to revisit interaction ritual theory as a theoretical underpinning of West and Zimmerman’s ‘doing’
gender paradigm in order to develop a more nuanced understanding of what is taking place inside the interactions of men and
women as they ‘do’ gender. Recent work in ritual theory, specifically the work of Bell (Ritual theory, ritual practice, 1992) and Collins (Interaction ritual chains, 2004) expands the role of the individual in the ritual process by conceptualizing ritual as a form of ‘practice’ that can be mobilized in the pursuit of emotional energy. Through the narratives of 24 married couples, I explore how domestic labor functions
as an interaction ritual that is driven by ‘emotional energy’. This emotional energy shapes the localized intentions of men
and women as they ‘do’ gender thus transforming gender into something that we ‘use’ as well as ‘do’. These emotions and intentions
can be seen most clearly through a new ‘window’ of ritual.
相似文献
Jennifer A. JohnsonEmail: |
20.
Ming Tsui 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):1-11
This study examines the relationship between gender and mathematics achievement among students in China and the United States,
with an emphasis on the gender gap among mathematically talented students. The results show that in neither the US nor China
are there gender differences in eighth grade math-achievement test scores. In China, there are no gender differences in mean
college entrance examination math scores among high-school seniors, while in America, the mean SAT-Math score among male high-school
seniors has been consistently higher than those of their female counterparts. In both the US and China, there are gender differences
among the top math performers on college entrance examinations; boys are over-represented. The Chinese national mathematics
curriculum, well-trained teachers, beliefs by students and their parents that academic achievement is more a product of effort
than of natural ability, a gender-neutral parental expectation for children’s education, and generous family spending on the
education of girls are suggested as possible factors underlying the comparable performance of the Chinese female and male
students. The sorting system at Chinese secondary school level and a cultural stereotype favoring boys in mathematics are
suggested as possible contributors to the math-achievement gender gap found among the top Chinese high school seniors.
相似文献
Ming TsuiEmail: |