基于图方法的MA和ARMA模型系数检验

应用图模型方法来讨论传统的MA和ARMA模型,证明了MA和ARMA模型的系数为去掉其他时间序列分量线性效应的条件下的偏相关系数,且利用图模型推断算法提出了一种新的参数估计和检验方法。     

一种改进的近似非齐次指数增长离散灰色预测方法

近似非齐次指数增长离散灰色模型DGM(1,1)解决了原模型的固有偏差问题,但在解决现实中有阶跃扰动、大波动变化的初始序列的时候预测结果依然存在明显的偏差.文章在近似非齐次指数增长离散灰色模型中引入残差,构建偏差修正序列,并以其为初始序列重构预测模型,分情况对预测结果进行修正.通过算例进行比较分析,验证了改进模型的精确性和实用性.     

残差控制图检测能力分析及效率评价

当质量过程呈现自相关现象时,残差控制图是解决其控制问题的有效方法之一.但是与常规控制图相比较,两者检测性能有很大不同.本文应用检测能力指数和平均链长两种衡量指标,评价了质量过程为AR(1)的残差控制图对异常状态的检测能力.     

基于质量损失函数的ARMA控制图经济设计

为提高统计过程监控灵敏度并减少监控费用,文章研究了自回归移动平均(ARMA)过程的统计与经济设计问题.首先构建ARMA控制图监控自相关过程,基于田口质量损失函数对ARMA控制图进行经济设计并构建经济模型;利用遗传算法求解,确定ARMA控制图的五个参数[n,h,k,φ,θ]最优组合,使单位时间费用最低.最后,对该模型的参数进行灵敏度分析,由此得出在实际监控过程中与单位时间期望费用相关的参数,以减少质量损失.     

基于负二项回归模型的空气质量指数分析

空气质量指数是与人们的日常活动密切相关的指标。基于中国18个城市2014年共52个周的空气污染计数数据进行负二项回归分析,通过运用广义线性混合效应模型和广义估计方程的方法进行比较分析,从理论和实际应用上得到了一定结论。研究结果表明:广义线性混合效应模型和广义估计方程两种方法在分析空气污染问题中差别不大;人口因素、城市园林绿化状况、气象因素、城市群效应以及季节效应对所研究城市的空气污染状况发生与否及其严重程度有显著的影响。     

GDP总量预测方法探讨研究

一、研究背景 在经济形势分析中,常常需要对主要经济指标进行预测,特别是对GDP的总量和增长速度进行预测(政府统计部门和发展计划部门的这种要求尤为迫切)。在以往的预测中,人们大多利用固定资产投     

场景预测方法与概率预测方法的比较

当今人口预测的标准模式为队列因素法,鉴于参数的估计方法不同,该方法又可分为场景预测方法和概率预测方法。文章认为,从统计学的视角看,概率预测方法更科学、更合理。由于场景预测方法概念简单,对数据要求低,可以充分利用专家的主观预测成果,同时预测方法简便易行,目前应用广泛。概率预测方法对数据的数量和质量都有较高的要求,且需要较复杂的统计技术,应用受到限制。     

系统误差对控制图监控效能的影响分析

随着科学技术的发展,计算机技术越来越多地应用到企业生产管理中,这就要求我们在进行数据测量时必须保证数据的准确度。文章主要利用平均运行长度分别分析了定值系统误差和变值系统误差对控制图过程监控效能的影响,同时又简要说明了变值系统误差的不确定度问题。     

通用型指数加权移动平均控制图的设计

为提高质量控制图监测微小到中等过程偏移的灵敏度,文章提出一种新的用于过程均值监控的通用型指数加权移动平均(UEWMA)控制图,该控制图是EWMA控制图的一般性推广,根据数据特征,自定义选取平滑系数λ₁,λ₂,…,λ_s,使控制效果达到最优;给出UEWMA控制图的均值与控制限的求取方法,并推导出平均运行长度(ARL)和运行长度标准偏差(SDRL);最后,研究平滑系数对该控制图性能的影响,并将其与现有控制图监测微小到中等过程偏移的灵敏度进行比较。研究结果表明,UEWMA控制图通过数据特征设计平滑系数,具有灵活性好、灵敏度高、扩展性强和控制效果好的特点。     

随机森林算法在城市空气质量预测中的应用

近年来雾霾现象不断出现,空气质量状况愈发受到关注.文章以每日前一天的PM2.5、PM10浓度值等污染指标及温度、湿度、风速值等气象指标为影响因子,尝试基于随机森林算法的分类与回归功能,采用交叉验证法构建空气质量预测模型,并与应用Boosting、Bagging、决策树及支持向量机算法建立的模型的预测结果对比,发现随机森林模型具有较高的预测精度、较强的泛化能力及较好的稳健性能等优点,对开展城市空气质量预测工作有一定的指导意义.     

Progressive Variance Control Charts for Monitoring Process Dispersion

In a process, the deviation from location or scale parameters affects the quality of the process and waste resources. So it is essential to monitor such processes for possible changes due to any assignable causes. Control charts are the most famous tool used to meet this intention. It is useless to monitor process location until the assurance that process dispersion is in-control. This study proposes some new two-sided memory control charts named as progressive variance (PV) control charts which are based on sample variance to monitor changes in process dispersion assuming normality of quality characteristic to be monitored. Simulation studies are made, and an example is discussed to evaluate the performance of the proposed charts. The comparison of the proposed chart is made with exponentially weighted moving average- and cumulative sum-type charts for process dispersion. The study shows that performance of the proposed charts are uniformly better than its competitors for detecting positive shifts while for detecting negative shift in the variance their performance is better for small shifts and reasonably good for moderated shifts.     

Multivariate Control Charts Based on Hybrid Novelty Scores

We propose a new nonparametric multivariate control chart that integrates a novelty score. The proposed control chart uses as its monitoring statistic a hybrid novelty score, calculated based on the distance to local observations as well as on the distance to the convex hull constructed by its neighbors. The control limits of the proposed control chart were established based on a bootstrap method. A rigorous simulation study was conducted to examine the properties of the proposed control chart under various scenarios and compare it with existing multivariate control charts in terms of average run length (ARL) performance. The simulation results showed that the proposed control chart outperformed both the parametric and nonparametric Hotelling's T ² control charts, especially in nonnormal situations. Moreover, experimental results with real semiconductor data demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control chart. To increase the capability to detect small mean shift, we propose an exponentially weighted hybrid novelty score control chart. Simulation results indicated that exponentially weighted hybrid score charts outperformed the hybrid novelty score based control charts.     

Grey Predictive Process Control Charts

The present article intends to develop some imputation methods to reduce the impact of non response at both the occasions in two-occasion successive (rotation) sampling. Utilizing the auxiliary information, which is only available at the current occasion, estimators have been proposed for estimating the population mean at the current occasion. Estimators for the current occasion are also derived as a particular case when there is non response either on the first occasion or second occasion. Behaviors of the proposed estimators are studied and their respective optimum replacement policies are also discussed. To study the effectiveness of the suggested imputation methods, performances of the proposed estimators are compared in two different situations, with and without non response. The results obtained are demonstrated with the help of empirical studies.     

Bootstrap-Based T 2 Multivariate Control Charts

Control charts have been used effectively for years to monitor processes and detect abnormal behaviors. However, most control charts require a specific distribution to establish their control limits. The bootstrap method is a nonparametric technique that does not rely on the assumption of a parametric distribution of the observed data. Although the bootstrap technique has been used to develop univariate control charts to monitor a single process, no effort has been made to integrate the effectiveness of the bootstrap technique with multivariate control charts. In the present study, we propose a bootstrap-based multivariate T ² control chart that can efficiently monitor a process when the distribution of observed data is nonnormal or unknown. A simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed control chart and compare it with a traditional Hotelling's T ² control chart and the kernel density estimation (KDE)-based T ² control chart. The results showed that the proposed chart performed better than the traditional T ² control chart and performed comparably with the KDE-based T ² control chart. Furthermore, we present a case study to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed control chart to real situations.     

EWMA Control Charts for Monitoring High Yield Processes

The main objective of this article is to scrutinize the efficiency and verify the performance superiority of the one-sided EWMA control chart on high-yield processes. The proposed control chart is designed to detect both upward and downward shifts of the fraction of non conforming products and is developed based on non transformed geometric counts. Its algorithmic function is theoretically established and numerous performance measures are extracted using analytical methods based on the Markov modeling of the chart. Comparisons with traditional high yield control charts are conducted. Optimality tables and nomograms are included to help graphical determination of the optimal chart parameters.     

Using Control Charts to Corroborate Bribery in Jai Alai

Statistical process control charts were used in the State of Florida District Court to help establish the guilt of an individual who was alleged to have affected the outcome of jai alai contests by bribing some of the contestants to lose. By placing wagers on the nonbribed contestants the briber gains an increased chance of winning, which is to the detriment of the other bettors. This paper gives an example of how statistical process control techniques can be employed to detect the unusually high bets that generally accompany bribery of the contestants. If the management of the jai alai gaming facility had been using control charts on a regular basis, the game fixing might have been detected much sooner.