综合治理出生人口性别比失衡促进社会管理改革创新

据第六次全国人口普查反映,我国出生人口的性别比是118.06,比2000年人口普查的出生人口性别比116.86提高了1.2个百分点。出生人口性别比偏高问题已经成为一个严重的社会问题。在全国许多地方出生人口性别比严重偏高的情况下,浙江省湖州市却连续24年保持了出生人口性别比的正常。     

出生人口性别比偏高问题专项治理工作的实践与思考

出生人口性别比升高是江苏省人口发展面临的突出问题之一。1990年第四次全国人口普查,江苏出生人口性别比为114．40;2000年第五次全国人口普查,出生人口性别比升至116．51,居全国第22位。为遏制出生人口性别比升高势头,江苏省根据中央要求和全省人口与计划生育工作实际,将出生人     

建立“2＋42”层级动态管理机制遏制出生人口性别比升高势头

2000年第五次全国人口普查数据显示，广东出生人口性别比高达130，居全国第2位。近年来，广东省从抓工作机制人手，建立健全“2＋42”综合治理出生人口性别比项目层级动态管理机制，初步遏制了出生人口性别比升高势头。2005年全国1％人口抽样调查结果显示，广东出生人口性别比为119。主要做法是：     

国家统计局：统计数字——我国出生婴儿性别比居高不下

第五次全国人口普查资料显示，2000年全国出生婴儿性别比为116．86，说明我国出生婴儿性别比偏高的问题依然存在。     

中国双生子出生性别比研究

人口自然出生性别比是分析和评价人口出生性别比偏离的重要指标,中国对人口自然出生性别比的研究一直比较缺乏。人的出生性别比正常范围为102～107,国内一般都是以其上限作为标准判断人口出生性别比偏高的程度。但是这种做法是值得商榷的。利用第四次全国人口普查资料中的双生子信息探讨双生子出生性别比特征。研究表明,中国1989年双生子出生性别比为104.87,在女性主要生育年龄阶段生育的双生子出生性别比是相当稳定的,比较接近自然状态下的出生性别比。相比较而言,中国人口出生性别比不仅普遍偏高,而且随女性生育年龄变化的模式也不相同。     

广东省第五次人口普查主要数据

广东省统计局发布了广东省第五次全国人口普查主要数据的第一号公报。广东省普查总人口数为8642万人，其中广东省户籍人口7473万人，户籍人口年平均增长率为1．75％，比上世纪80年代末下降1．95个百分点，增长率的降幅大大超过O．4个百分点的全国平均水平，增长速度居全国之首。同时广东省城镇人口比重比1990年上升18．2个百分点，比全国高出18．91个百分点     

出生人口性别比异常原因的“再思考”

1982年第三次全国人口普查数据发表以来,我国出生人口性别比的异常升高成为国内外人口学家聚焦的热点问题之一。综合近年来有关出生人口性别比研究的主要成果,中外学者的看法基本一致,那就是自20世纪80年代以来的出生人口性别比偏高,且在逐渐升高是中国已经普遍存在的客观事实。     

关爱女孩综合治理出生人口性别比

2000年,第五次人口普查数据显示,贵州省有5个市、州、地出生人口性别比高出正常值域上限值,最高的达到125.01。2001～2004年人口计生报表数据显示,全省出生人口性别比均高于正常值域范围并呈逐年升高的趋势。贵州出生人口性别比偏高有以下显著特点:一是出生人口性别比偏高比全国来得晚;二是速度较全国快;三是孩次越高出生人口性别比越高,特别是少数民族地区表现得更为典型。据2004年全省人口和计划生育报表统计,一孩、二孩、多孩的出生性别比分别为98.13、146.26、169.08,黔东南苗族侗族自治州分别达到了104.18、152.50、253.55。针对这一趋…     

八十年代福建人口性别、年龄构成的变化

我国在1982年和1990年进行了第三、第四次人口普查。各种人口现象在八十年代间的变化，基本上可以从两次人口普查资料的对比中反映出来。本文通过这一方法分析这一时期福建省人口性别、年龄构成的变化。一、人口性别比的变化1．八十年代福建总人口的性别比变动八十年代福建总人口性别比的变化幅度不大。根据第四次人口普查，1990年7月里口福建省总人口为30，048，275人，其中男性15，434，048人，占51．56％，女性14，614，227入，占4864％，人D性别比为10561。这一数字与“三普”福建总人口性别比105．92相比略有下降，也低于全国“四普”…     

1982～2010年期间四次全国人口普查数据一致性研究——基于出生人口队列的分析

数据一致性是反映人口普查数据质量高低的重要指标。文章以第三、四、五、六次全国人口普查数据为基础,充分考虑人口死亡因素,比较同一出生队列人口在不同普查年份的人口规模,以此对人口普查数据一致性进行检验。研究中主要有三点发现:一是分时期进行分析,在"三普"至"六普"的28年间,九成以上出生队列人口存活率大于1,发生正偏离现象;二是对四次人口普查中的相邻两次普查依次进行比较,普查时处于0～90岁的91个出生队列人口偏离量逐渐增大,偏离率渐次上升;三是分性别来看,1982～2000年出生队列人口偏离程度存在显著性别差异。相当数量的出生队列人口出现系统性正偏离,表明在人口普查中存在较为严重的人口漏报、人口重报或死亡漏报。     

Differentials in divorce in maryland

The basic data needed for measurement of the risks of termination of the legal relationship of marriage by characteristics of the marital partners are not available at this time for the United States because the national divorce registration area includes less than half the States. Special studies based on selected census data or the records of marriages and divorces occurring in one State or community have provided much of the valuable but limited information at hand. Statistics for individual States are subject to substantial bias as a consequence of inter-State migration between time of marriage and time of divorce, but they must serve as a basic data source until national reporting has improved. A record linkage study was undertaken which tied marriages occurring in the State of Maryland in 1959 with divorces occurring in the State in the years 1959–66. Relative, not actual, divorce risks by race, age at marriage, and previous marital status were calculated for couples with at least one partner an in-State resident at the time of marriage. The dissolution rate was higher for whites than for nonwhites. Marriages contracted by persons at very youthful ages and by persons who had been married previously were found subject to greater than average risks of dissolution through divorce.     

城市计划生育技术服务方式创新--南京市玄武区政府购买计划生育技术服务的实践

建立政府牵头、计卫联手、资源共享的计划生育技术服务体系 ,开展以知识普及、知情选择、随访服务、咨询指导、健康促进为主要内容的计划生育避孕节育和生殖保健优质服务 ,最大限度地满足社区育龄群众在计划生育和生殖保健方面的需求 ,是城市计划生育技术服务改革发展的方向1 。近几年 ,南京市玄武区计划生育局在区委、区政府的领导以及省市计生委的支持下 ,根据新时期城市计划生育工作改革发展要求 ,积极推进政府计划生育部门的职能转变 ,探索计划生育技术服务方式的改革创新 ,尝试依托社区医疗卫生和妇幼保健服务网络 ,由政府购买计划生育…     

Major Tasks in Health and Family Planning in China in 2015

On January 12,2015,at the regular press briefing of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),NHFPC reported the major tasks in health and family planning in China in 2015.The details are as follows:In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform.     

Increases in childlessness in New Zealand

New Zealand’s fertility fell below the theoretical replacement level (2.1 births per woman) for the first time in recorded history in 1978. It has hovered at or below replacement level ever since. The result, an impression of relative stability, belies changes taking place. Data from the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses show a pattern of delayed childbearing and increased childlessness. In a little over 30 years, childlessness has shifted from being almost entirely a consequence of a couple’s infecundity to being as frequently a result of a woman’s life choices. The steady rises in childlessness recorded by successive cohorts suggest that childlessness is already having a significant effect on New Zealand fertility. Patterns in characteristics of those women choosing not to start families, as well as subtle differences in these patterns between New Zealand and other developed nations, suggest that there is a significant potential for childlessness to cause a more dramatic shift in New Zealand’s total fertility rate. This analysis examines growth in childlessness in relation to marital status, country of birth, ethnicity, regional and urban differentials, religion, and educational attainment of women who were childless at the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses.

Materialism in Pedagogy Students in Chile

Many studies have used Richins and Dawson’s (J Consum Res 19: 303–316, 1992) Material Values Scale (MVS), applying it to different types of populations that exhibit a particular psychometric behavior, and showing little stability in their factorial structure. In the present study, 1,070 pedagogy students from the northern, central and southern regions of Chile answered the MVS. This sample was randomly divided in two. Using the first sub-sample (N = 539), an exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, from which a structure of nine items was grouped into two factors called “Social Success” and “Personal Happiness”, which presented adequate reliability. Later, with the second sub-sample (N = 531), the factorial structure indicated above was put to the test through a confirmatory factorial analysis. The data from the model show that the scale contains 8 items in total, grouped into two dimensions. The factorial loads are significant at the level of 1 %, which indicates that the 2-factor structure can be confirmed. Finally—using the proposed structure—the presence of the students’ material values was evaluated.     

Shifts in Reproductive Patterns in China

The People's Republic of China, during the second half of the twentieth century, has been repeatedly affected by social and political upheavals associated with government policies. These have produced strong but unexpected impacts on Chinese demographic patterns. Many of these policies are of the sorts that alter reproductive costs and benefits. This study examines patterns in Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shanghai, three provinces with differing ecological, geographic, and economic characteristics. Government policies affected the three populations differentially; this was evident at both aggregate and individual levels. The Great Leap Forward and subsequent famine created higher birth deficits and mortality among the largely rural populations of Hebei and Shaanxi than the more urban Shanghai. In contrast, the Cultural Revolution and family planning resulted in lower fertility levels for women in Shanghai. The population history of China during the second half of last century thus reflects strong state interventions in the lives of its citizens. Government policies, along with regional variations in geographic, social, and economic conditions, strongly influence individual access to resources in China. Variations in timing and intensity of women's reproductive patterns reflect differential access to resources and subsequent trade-offs.     

论西部开发中的城市发展问题

本文在对近20年来我国城市发展进行回顾与反思的基础上,提出了西部制定城市发展战略和选择城市发展道路的基本原则以及若干城市发展对策措施.     

Trends in life expectancy in wellbeing

Objectives: This paper describes anddiscusses trends in life expectancy inwellbeing between 1989 and 1998.Methods: Data on wellbeing by theBradburn Affect Balance Scale is obtained fromthe Netherlands Continuous Health InterviewSurveys for the calendar years from 1989 to1998. Using Sullivan's method, life expectancyin wellbeing is calculated.Results: For males at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing increases significantlyfrom 52.7 years in 1989 (90.1% of the totallife expectancy) to 54.4 years in 1998(90.8%). This increase is almost completelycaused by the increase in total lifeexpectancy. For females at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing raises significant from54.4 years in 1989 (84.1%) to 56.2 years in1998 (86.3%). This increase is almostcompletely caused by a decrease in the numberof years in a state of distress.For both males and females at the age of 65,the significant increase of life expectancy inwellbeing exceeds the increase in total lifeexpectancy and is mainly caused by the decreasein number of years in distress.Conclusion: Contrary to life expectancyin good perceived health and to disability freelife expectancy – which show a decreasing trend– the overall wellbeing of the population isincreasing. It seems that aspects in human lifethat contribute to wellbeing or quality of lifeother than physical health are gaining inimportance. This makes life expectancy inwellbeing a less appropriate instrument tomonitor changes in population health, but auseful instrument to measure population qualityof life.     

Changes in Living Standards and Depopulation in Latvia in the 1990s

Social Indicators Research -     

"非典"期间全国农村地区跨省流入人口调查数据分析

在2003年抗击非典的关键时期,国家人口和计划生育委员会进行了全国农村地区跨省流入人口的调查.本文着重分析这项调查所获得的数据,并对数据的一致性做出说明.既揭示了我国农村流动人口的基本特征和非典时期农村人口流动的规模和流向特点,又反映了非典对这一时期全国人口的流动所产生的影响,同时展示了我国抗击非典工作在农村地区所取得的成绩.