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1.
Nelson SE LaPlante DA Peller AJ Schumann A LaBrie RA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):463-477
The recent expansion of Internet gambling has stimulated debate, policy, and research on this relatively new phenomenon and
its potential consequences. The current study focuses on bettors experiencing problems by sampling Internet gamblers who imposed
limits on the amount they were allowed to deposit to a betting site. We analyzed the betting transactions over 18 months of
all gamblers who subscribed to an online betting site in February, 2005 (N = 47,134), 567 of whom utilized the site’s self-limit feature. Self-limiting gamblers played a wider variety of games and
placed more bets than others prior to imposing limits. After imposing limits, self-limiters reduced their activity, but did
not reduce the amount they wagered per bet. Time spent gambling, not just money spent, appears to be an important indicator
of gambling problems. Self-limit programs appear to be promising options for Internet gamblers at-risk for gambling problems.
相似文献
Sarah E. NelsonEmail: |
2.
Abbott MW McKenna BG Giles LC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):537-558
Recently sentenced inmates in four New Zealand male prisons (N = 357) were interviewed to assess their gambling involvement, problem gambling and criminal offending. Frequent participation
in and high expenditure on continuous forms of gambling prior to imprisonment were reported. Nineteen percent said they had
been in prison for a gambling-related offence and most of this offending was property-related and non-violent. On the basis
of their SOGS-R scores, 21% were lifetime probable pathological gamblers and 16% were probable pathological gamblers during
the six months prior to imprisonment. Of the “current” problem gamblers, 51% reported gambling-related offending and 35% had
been imprisoned for a crime of this type. Gambling-related offending increased with problem gambling severity. However, only
five percent of problem gamblers said their early offending was gambling-related. The large majority reported other types
of offending at this time. Few men had sought or received help for gambling problems prior to imprisonment or during their
present incarceration. This highlights the potential for assessment and treatment programs in prison to reduce recidivism
and adverse effects of problem gambling and gambling-related offending. 相似文献
3.
Prajkta J. Ingle Jeffrey Marotta Garnett McMillan Jennifer P. Wisdom 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):381-392
Aims This study investigates the effect of significant others on treatment outcomes among treated pathological gamblers. Design This is a cohort study of individuals who received gambling treatment. Setting Oregon Problem Gambling Services (OPGS) for gamblers and their family members. Participants 4,410 adult gamblers who were discharged from treatment between August, 2001 and April, 2007. Measurements OPGS enrollment forms provided gambler gender, age, ethnicity, education level, employment status, gambling-related debt,
and whether the gambler had a significant other at the time of enrollment. Termination forms provided information on the type
of discharge (successful/unsuccessful) and treatment length (in days). Participation of the gambler’s significant other in
the family treatment program was identified. Findings Results showed that age, ethnicity, gambling debt, and having a significant other are associated with the odds of successful
treatment. Education level moderates the effect of having a significant other on treatment success. Age, ethnicity, education,
employment, and having a significant other participate in treatment significantly impacted gamblers’ length in treatment.
Conclusions These findings indicate that there may be a benefit to integrating significant others in gambling treatment methods. Significant
others may act as social supports for gamblers seeking treatment, and involving loved ones in gambling treatment models may
positively affect gambler treatment outcomes. 相似文献
4.
Anu Sirola Markus Kaakinen Atte Oksanen 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2018,34(4):1313-1325
The Internet provides an accessible context for online gambling and gambling-related online communities, such as discussion forums for gamblers. These communities may be particularly attractive to young gamblers who are active Internet users. The aim of this study was to examine the use of gambling-related online communities and their relevance to excessive gambling among 15–25-year-old Finnish Internet users (N?=?1200). Excessive gambling was assessed by using the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Respondents were asked in a survey about their use of various kinds of gambling-related online communities, and sociodemographic and behavioral factors were adjusted. The results of the study revealed that over half (54.33%) of respondents who had visited gambling-related online communities were either at-risk gamblers or probable pathological gamblers. Discussion in these communities was mainly based on sharing gambling tips and experiences, and very few respondents said that they related to gambling problems and recovery. In three different regression models, visiting gambling-related online communities was a significant predictor for excessive gambling (with 95% confidence level) even after adjusting confounding factors. The association of visiting such sites was even stronger among probable pathological gamblers than among at-risk gamblers. Health professionals working with young people should be aware of the role of online communities in terms of development and persistence of excessive gambling. Monitoring the use of online gambling communities as well as utilizing recovery-oriented support both offline and online would be important in preventing further problems. Gambling platforms should also include warnings about excessive gambling and provide links to helpful sources. 相似文献
5.
LaBrie RA LaPlante DA Nelson SE Schumann A Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):347-362
Internet gambling is growing rapidly, as is concern about its possible effect on the public’s health. This paper reports the
results of the first prospective longitudinal study of actual Internet sports gambling behavior during eight study months.
Data include recorded fixed-odds bets on the outcome of sporting contests and live-action bets on the outcome of events within
contests for 40,499 Internet sports gambling service subscribers who enrolled during February 2005. We tracked the following
primary gambling behaviors: daily totals of the number of bets made, money bet, and money won. We transformed these variables
into measures of gambling involvement. We analyzed behavior for both fixed-odds and live-action bets. The median betting behavior
of the 39,719 fixed-odds bettors was to place 2.5 bets of €4 (approximately $5.3 US) every fourth day during the median 4 months
from first to last bet. This typical pattern incurred a loss of 29% of the amount wagered. The median betting behavior of
the 24,794 live-action bettors was to place 2.8 wagers of €4 every fourth day during the median duration of 6 weeks at a loss
of 18% of the amount wagered. We also examined the behavior of empirically determined groups of heavily involved bettors whose
activity exceeded that of 99% of the sample. 相似文献
6.
Vitaro F Wanner B Brendgen M Tremblay RE 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(4):535-553
We compared offspring of problem gamblers (n = 42) to offspring of parents without gambling problems (n = 100) to see (1) whether the two groups differed with respect to depressive feelings and conduct/antisociality problems
and (2) whether ineffective parenting or the offspring’s own gambling problems played a mediating role in this context. Participants
were drawn from a relatively large community-based study (N = 1,872). Parents rated their own gambling and other mental health problems when their children were in mid-adolescence.
The children’s self-reports on depressive feelings and conduct/antisociality problems were assessed at two points in time:
by mid-adolescence and again by early adulthood. Results showed that children of parents with gambling problems reported more
depressive feelings and more conduct problems by mid-adolescence than children of parents without gambling problems. Children
of problem gamblers also experienced an increase in their depressive symptoms from mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Importantly,
ineffective parenting, but not children’s gambling problems, mediated almost all the links between parental problem gambling
and children’s adjustment problems. These results add to a very small data base showing that children of problem gamblers
are at risk for a variety of adjustment problems.
相似文献
Frank VitaroEmail: |
7.
Pascual-Leone A Gomes K Orr ES Kaploun KA Abeare CA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):401-408
The purpose of the following study was to explore certain affective and cognitive components and their relationships to gambling
behavior in an undergraduate population. Specifically, the aim was to predict gambling severity using depression scores on
the BDI-II, the dependency and self-criticism subscales on the DEQ, emotional awareness scores on the LEAS, cognitive flexibility
scores from the STROOP, and a creativity subtests from the TTCT. Participants were 200 undergraduate students and 3.5–7.5%
of individuals reported some level of problematic gambling behavior. Multiple regression analysis indicated that self-criticism
and creative originality were significant predictors of gambling behavior, explaining 7.6% of the variance. Further analyses
reveal a non-linear trend in the creative originality of those who gamble; only the at-risk gamblers were high in creativity whereas abstainers and problematic gamblers display similarly lower levels of creativity.
Results are discussed in regards to Blaszczynski and Nower’s Addiction 97:487–499 (2002) subtypes of gambling vulnerability. 相似文献
8.
Tsitsika A Critselis E Janikian M Kormas G Kafetzis DA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):389-400
The study objectives were to evaluate the correlates and psychosocial implications of internet gambling among adolescents,
as well as the association between internet gambling and problematic internet use. A cross-sectional study design was applied
among a random sample (N = 484) of adolescents (71.2% boys; 28.8% girls; mean age ± standard deviation, SD = 14.88 ± 0.55 years). Self-completed questionnaires,
including internet gambling practices, internet use characteristics, Young Internet Addiction Test, and Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire were utilized. The prevalence of internet gambling was 15.1%. Internet gambling was associated with psychosocial
maladjustment, including Abnormal Conduct Problems (gender adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.83; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI:
1.86–7.92) and Borderline Peer Problems (AOR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.09–3.85). The likelihood of concomitant problematic internet
use was significantly higher among internet gamblers (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.03–3.19). Multivariate regression analyses indicated
that among all characteristics of internet use assessed, utilizing the internet for the purposes of gambling practices was
independently associated with problematic internet use among adolescents (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.40–8.39). Thus, the study
findings suggest that adolescents who participate in internet gambling practices are more likely to concomitantly present
with problematic internet use. 相似文献
9.
Pantalon MV Maciejewski PK Desai RA Potenza MN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):63-78
Excitement-seeking and related constructs have been associated with heavier gambling and negative health measures in problem
and/or pathological gamblers. Most adults gamble recreationally and an understanding of the relationship between excitement-seeking
as a motivation for gambling amongst subsyndromal gamblers has significant public health implications. Logistic regression
analyses were used to examine a national sample of past-year recreational gamblers (N = 1,476) to identify characteristics distinguishing gamblers acknowledging gambling for excitement (“Excitement-seeking Gamblers”
or EGs) and gamblers denying gambling for excitement (“Non-excitement-seeking Gamblers” or NEGs). EGs were more likely than
NEGs to report alcohol use and abuse/dependence, any substance abuse/dependence, incarceration, large gambling wins and losses,
more frequent and varied gambling, and symptoms of pathological gambling (i.e., at-risk gambling). Together, these findings
indicate that EGs are more likely than NEGs to demonstrate problems in multiple areas characterized by impaired impulse control. 相似文献
10.
Lia Nower Alex Blaszczynski 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(3):361-372
Studies attempting to identify the specific ‘addictive’ features of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) have yielded largely
inconclusive results, suggesting that it is the interaction between a gambler’s cognitions and the machine, rather than the
machine itself, which fuels excessive play. Research has reported that machine players with gambling problems adopt a number
of erroneous cognitive perceptions regarding the probability of winning and the nature of randomness. What is unknown, however,
is whether motivations for gambling and attitudes toward pre-session monetary limit-setting vary across levels of gambling
severity, and whether proposed precommitment strategies would be useful in minimizing excessive gambling expenditures. The
current study explored these concepts in a sample of 127 adults, ages 18 to 81, attending one of four gambling venues in Queensland,
Australia. The study found that problem gamblers were more likely than other gamblers to play machines to earn income or escape
their problems rather than for fun and enjoyment. Similarly, they were less likely to endorse any type of monetary limit-setting
prior to play. They were also reticent to adopt the use of a ‘smart card’ or other strategy to limit access to money during
a session, though they indicated they lost track of money while gambling and were rarely aware of whether they were winning
or losing during play. Implications for precommitment policies and further research are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Viorel Lupu Izabela Ramona Todirita 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(1):29-36
The aim of this study was to find out what is the prevalence of pathological in Romanian teenagers. We questioned one thousand thirty-two teenagers in Cluj-Napoca and Harghita counties. Participants completed a questionnaire with 40 items including gamblers anonymous twenty questions. The sample included teenagers aged 11–19 years; 65.57% were male and 34.43% were female. The subjects were divided into three groups: non-gambling/recreational gambling or occasional gambling (0–1 positive answers —Level 1)—753 subjects (72.96%) [316 females and 437 males]; problem gambling (2–6 points—Level 2)—243 subjects (23.54%) [43 females and 200 males]; pathological gambling (above 7 points—Level 3)—36 subjects (3.48%) [3 females and 33 males]. The mean age of pathological gamblers was 16.48 years. Gender differences were as expected, males engaging in pathological gambling (91.66% from pathological gamblers) more than females did (8.33% from pathological gamblers). Data revealed that the most encountered games practiced weekly were sport bets and slot machines in the case of 36.11% of the pathological gamblers; lotto, internet casino and pool bets each with 25%, followed by roulette and black-jack with 22.22%.From those who reported practicing gambling at a pathological level 66.66% engaged in alcohol consumption, 13.88% illicit drug use and 19.44% licit drugs. Just 16.66% smoke cigarettes. Data revealed higher rates of prevalence in Romanian teenagers than in other Central and Eastern European countries. A prevalence study at a national level should be designed. 相似文献
12.
Irene Lai Kuen Wong Ernest Moon Tong So 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(3):565-576
The study investigated Internet gambling involvement and pathological gambling among Hong Kong adolescents aged 12–19 years. The diagnostic and statistical manual (4th edition) multiple response format for juveniles (DSM-IV-MR-J) (Fisher in J Gambl Stud 16:253–273, 2000) was filled by 1,004 students (597 boys, 407 girls) recruited by random selection of classes. The response rate was 86.6 %. Results indicate that more respondents participated in land-based gambling than Internet gambling (63.5 vs. 3.5 %) but online gamblers are 1.5 and 3.2 times more likely to develop pathological and at-risk gambling than non-Internet gamblers. Using the DSM-IV-MR-J criteria, 5.7 and 22.9 % of the Internet gamblers could be classified as at-risk gamblers and pathological gamblers, respectively. Majority (94.3 %) wagered online at home, and 91.4 % made their first bet before 18 years. Many perceived Internet gambling as a trendy (71.4 %) and safe entertainment (54.3 %). Problematic Internet gambling was significantly associated with the male gender, school grades, online gambling frequency, amount wagered and a gambling family environment. Survey results have implications for gambling research and preventive programs. 相似文献
13.
Abbott MW McKenna BG 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):559-581
Ninety-four recently sentenced women prisoners were interviewed to assess aspects of their gambling involvement, problem gambling
and relationships between gambling and criminal offending. A third of the women, on the basis of their SOGS-R scores, were
assessed as lifetime probable pathological gamblers and just under a quarter were assessed as probable pathological gamblers
during the 6 months prior to imprisonment. For women prisoners, a preference for non-casino gaming machines and housie were
predictive of problem gambling. Relative to non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers experienced higher rates of childhood conduct
disorder and current non-psychotic mental disorder. Just over a quarter of prisoners and a half of the problem gamblers had
committed a crime to obtain money to gamble. Few women said their early offending or convictions related to gambling. It was
concluded that most women were “criminals first and problem gamblers second” rather than people whose offending careers commenced
as a consequence of problem gambling. However, the extent of problem gambling-related offending among the women prisoners
highlights the potential for comprehensive assessment and treatment programs in prison to reduce recidivism and other adverse
impacts of problem gambling and gambling-related offending. 相似文献
14.
Kushner M Thurus P Sletten S Frye B Abrams K Adson D Demark JV Maurer E Donahue C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):219-227
Cue reactivity, while increasingly recognized as a central feature of drug and alcohol addiction, is not well studied in gambling.
We evaluated the urge to gamble in a simulated casino environment among frequent gamblers who alternated between cycles in
which they observed others playing ten hands of Blackjack (first, third and fifth cycle) and cycles in which they played ten
hands of Blackjack themselves (second and fourth cycle). The played cycles served as a manipulation for the observed cycles
in terms of “priming” (having previously gambled in the environment vs. not) and “anticipation” (expecting more opportunities
to gamble in the environment vs. not) and, thus, allowed these conditions: observed cycle 1 = anticipation (+) and prime (−); observed cycle 2 = anticipation (+) and prime (+); and observed cycle 3 = anticipation (−) and prime (+). Subjects’ urge to gamble was greater in the gambling environment than in a neutral setting
and both positive anticipation and positive priming increased cue reactivity within the gambling environment. The frequency
of gambling outside of the study did not affect cue reactivity. However, a preference for Blackjack (vs. other types of gambling)
and observing winning (vs. losing) hands were both associated with stronger cue reactivity in the study. These findings contribute
to our understanding of pathological gambling. 相似文献
15.
Nerilee Hing Alex Myles Thomas Russell Matthew Lamont Peter Vitartas 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(4):1051-1065
Promotions for online sports betting during televised sports broadcasts are regularly viewed by millions of Australians, raising concerns about their impacts on vulnerable groups including at-risk and problem gamblers. This study examined whether responses to these promotions varied with problem gambling severity amongst 455 Australian Internet sports bettors participating in an online survey. Results indicated that young male Internet sports bettors are especially vulnerable to gambling problems, particularly if they hold positive attitudes to gambling sponsors who embed promotions into sports broadcasts and to the promotional techniques they use and this heightens the risk that alluring messages contribute to excessive gambling. As problem gambling severity increased, so too did recognition that these promotions have impacted negatively on their sports betting behaviour. Because a plethora of sports betting brands and promotions are now heavily integrated into sports coverage, social marketing efforts are needed to offset their persuasive appeal and counter the positive attitudes towards them that appear linked to excessive gambling amongst Internet sports bettors. 相似文献
16.
Rockloff MJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):207-216
A 3 item screen for problem gambling was developed based on a conceptual analogue of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (Bush et al. in Arch Intern Med 158:1789–1795, 1998); a brief screen that measures consumption rather than harm. Data were collected from an email panel survey of 588 men and
810 women (n = 1,398) across all states in Australia. Respondents indicated their consumption of gambling products using the 3 items of
the new Consumption Screen for Problem Gambling (CSPG). Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was used to analyze
the performance of the new items relative to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (Ferris and Wynne in The Canadian problem
gambling index: Final report, 2001). Results show a 98% probability that the CSPG score for a randomly chosen positive case of problem gambling will exceed
the score for a randomly chosen negative case. In addition, a score of 4+ on the CSPG identified all 14 cases of Problem Gambling
correctly, while only 7.3% of non-problem gamblers had scores of 4+ (sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 92.7%). Lastly, only
3.0% of respondents without any gambling problems had CSPG scores of 4+. The current study suggests that the CSPG, a brief consumption-based measure for
gambling products, can quickly and accurately identify people who are likely to be experiencing gambling problems. 相似文献
17.
Michael J. A. Wohl Sally Gainsbury Melissa J. Stewart Travis Sztainert 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(4):703-717
Although most gamblers set a monetary limit on their play, many exceed this limit—an antecedent of problematic gambling. Responsible gambling tools may assist players to gamble within their means. Historically, however, the impact of such tools has been assessed in isolation. In the current research, two responsible gambling tools that target adherence to a monetary limit were assessed among 72 electronic gaming machine (EGM) players. Participants watched an educational animation explaining how EGMs work (or a neutral video) and then played an EGM in a virtual reality environment. All participants were asked to set a monetary limit on their play, but only half were reminded when that limit was reached. Results showed that both the animation and pop-up limit reminder helped gamblers stay within their preset monetary limit; however, an interaction qualified these main effects. Among participants who did not experience the pop-up reminder, those who watched the animation stayed within their preset monetary limits more than those who did not watch the animation. For those who were reminded of their limit, however, there was no difference in limit adherence between those who watched the animation and those who did not watch the animation. From a responsible gambling perspective, the current study suggests that there is no additive effect of exposure to both responsible gambling tools. Therefore, for minimal disruption in play, a pop-up message reminding gamblers of their preset monetary limit might be preferred over the lengthier educational animation. 相似文献
18.
Matthew J. Rockloff Nancy Greer Carly Fay 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):487-497
The Social Facilitation Effect shows performance on many simple tasks is enhanced by crowds of onlookers or co-actors (others performing the same activity).
Previous experimental research has shown that Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM) betting behavior is intensified by the belief
that others are gambling along with the subject (Rockloff and Dyer, J Gambl Stud 23(1):1–12, 2007). The present study extends these findings by simulating crowds of differing sizes using a fake video-conference along with
a live confederate who gambles concurrently with the subjects. Fifty-four male and 81 female subjects aged 18–82 (M = 46.9, SD = 16.7) played a laptop simulated 3-reel EGM using a $20 stake in 3 conditions: (1) alone, (2) in a simulated group of 5
persons plus 1 live confederate, or (3) in a simulated group of 25 persons plus 1 live confederate. The EGM outcomes were
rigged with a fixed 20 trial winning sequence followed by an indefinite losing sequence. As hypothesised, gambling intensity,
as measured by trials played, speed of betting and final payouts, was progressively greater with larger crowd sizes (P < .05). In contrast, bet-size was slightly lower with larger crowds. The results suggest that gambling venues with more players
tend to increase gambling persistence and contribute to greater long term monetary losses. 相似文献
19.
Marco Scalese Luca Bastiani Stefano Salvadori Mercedes Gori Isabella Lewis Paolo Jarre Sabrina Molinaro 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2016,32(3):1017-1026
The origin of gambling disorders is uncertain; however, research has shown a tendency to focus on specific types of games as a potential important risk factor. The principal aim of this study is to examine the relationships between types of gambling practices and gambling disorder. The data were extracted from IPSAD-Italia® 2010–2011 (Italian Population Survey on Alcohol and other Drugs), a survey among the Italian general population which collects socio-cultural information, information about the use of drugs, legal substances and gambling habits. In order to identify the “problem gambler” we used the Problem Gambling Severity Index. Three groups are considered in this analysis: no-risk gamblers, low-risk gamblers, moderate-risk/problem gamblers. Type of gambling practice was considered among two types of gambler: one-game players and multi-games players. 1.9 % of multi-game players were considered problem gamblers, only 0.6 % of one-game players were problem gamblers (p < 0.001). The percentage of players who were low and moderate-risk gamblers was approximately double among multi-game players, with 14.4 % low-risk and 5.8 % moderate-risk; compared with 7.7 % low-risk and 2.5 % moderate risk among one-game players. Results of ordinal logistic regression analysis confirmed that higher level of gambling severity was associated with multi-game players (OR = 2.23, p < 0.0001). Video-poker/slot-machines show the highest association with gambling severity among both one-game players and multi-game players, with scores of OR equal to 4.3 and 4.5 respectively. These findings suggest a popular perception of risk associated with this type of gambling for the development of gambling problems. 相似文献
20.
Matthew S. M. Lim Henrietta Bowden-Jones Robert D. Rogers 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(3):625-637
Cognitive perspectives on gambling propose that biased thinking plays a significant role in sustaining gambling participation and, in vulnerable individuals, gambling problems. One prominent set of cognitive biases include illusions of control involving beliefs that it is possible to influence random gaming events. Sociologists have reported that (some) gamblers believe that it is possible to throw dice in different ways to achieve gaming outcomes (e.g., ‘dice-setting’ in craps). However, experimental demonstrations of these phenomena are lacking. Here, we asked regular gamblers to roll a computer-simulated, but fair, 6 sided die for monetary prizes. Gamblers allowed the die to roll for longer when attempting to win higher value bets, and when attempting to hit high winning numbers. This behaviour was exaggerated in gamblers motivated to keep gambling following the experience of almost-winning in gambling games. These results suggest that gambling cognitive biases find expression in the motor behaviour of rolling dice for monetary prizes, possibly reflecting embodied substrates. 相似文献