Lu Xun and the Graphic Art of the New Literature

Book covers and illustrations by Lu Xunand his artist contemporaries constitute notonly an archive of graphic design for newliterature, but also a new literature art formin themselves. The Hodge-Podge Series is aclassic example of the transition of new lit-     

Lu Xun’s Ideological “Heresies”and the Tradition of Yue Culture

Before his death Lu Xun was sub-jected to every kind of taunt, abuse, cursesand attack, and even after his death he couldnot rest in peace: unintentional misunderstand-ings and deliberate distortions have followedone another without end. Lu Xun’s failureto be understood by others is rooted in hisideological “heresies.” These heresies arerelated to the progressiveness, rebelliousspirit and tenacity of the Yue culture, a localculture of the Chinese nation, and are morecorrelated spiritually…     

Li as a Way to Order: The Intellectual Characteristics and Historical Role of Xun Zi’s Theory of Li

Abstract

To illustrate the overall content and historical significance of Xun Zi’s political philosophy, this paper proceeds as follows. First, it reviews previous research on ideas of li (ritual and social norms) and discusses why Xun Zi’s theory of li has been undervalued. Second, it briefly introduces my earlier study of this issue, The Confucian Quest for Order: The Origin and Formation of the Political Thought of Xun Zi. Third, it proposes an analytical framework that highlights the intellectual characteristics and historical role of li in the Xunzi. This framework analyzes li in the broad sense, differentiating between the theory of li, li as an institution and li as a way to the restoration of order. Fourth, it describes some intellectual characteristics of the Xunzi’s theory of li as a way to order. Based on these discussions, this paper argues that Xun Zi’s theory of li as a way to order is a political philosophy with a broad vision which goes beyond the framework of a single dynasty or state to cover the history and modes of existence of human society as a whole.     

The Transformation of China'sEconomic Growth Pattern─Conditions and Methods

ThequantitativeexpansionoftheChineseeconomyshowninitshighspeedgrowthfrom1992tol994,whichledtolowefficiency,structuralimbalanceandseriousinflation,hasagaindrawntheattentionoftheChinesegovernmentandtheoreticianstothequestionofthetransformationofthepatternof…     

The Characteristics of and Reasons for the Floating Population in Contemporary China

Withtheadoptionofreform,openingtotheoutsideworld,andthedevelopmentofacommodityeconomy,PopuIationmovementinChinahasaccelerated.Particularlysincethel98Os,thesizeandrangeofthefloatingpopulationhaveexpandedatanunprecedentedrate,andnowconstituteoneofthemostconspicuoussocialphenomenaincontemporaryChina.I.TheFloatin9PopulationandtheRateofFIowThefloatingPOpulationreferstothosepeoplewhotravelbeyondacertainlimit,leavetheirregisteredpermanentresidencetemporarily,andtraveltoandfromtheirhomesonanirreg…     

The Theoretical Cornerstone of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

本文从哲学的角度阐述了邓小平关于社会主义的一些重要思想贡献。如:他从价值与真理统一的新高度来规定社会主义的本质,从而恢复了科学社会主义的正确导向;以“什么是社会主义”与“如何建设社会主义”相统一的方式来把握社会主义的现实形态,从而回答了社会主义的历史道路问题;通过对中国社会主义“初级阶段”和社会评价标准体系的定位,为确立当前的发展战略和目标奠定了基础;等等。这些都具有深刻的理论启迪和巨大的思想解放力量。     

The Group Characteristics of the Owners of Private Businesses in China

TheresurrectionofprivatebusinessinChinastartedacontinuousincreaseininvestorsinprivatebusinesses.Accordingtostatisticsprovidedbytheindustrialandcommercialadministrativedepartmentsconcerned,therewere214,000suchinvestorsbytheendof1989,224,000oneyearlater;241,000twoyearslater;andbytheendof1992,303,000.Theownershipofmoreorlessofthemeansofproductionhasbroughtthesepeopletogetherasanewsocialgroup.In1993wecarriedoutthefirstnation-widesurveyofprivatebusinesses.Apartfromtheirstateofoperation,muchofthefo…     

DIAOBINGSHAN:A Combination of the Young and Old

Diaobingshan people are young and vigorous.But they benefi t a lot from the long history of city.During our interview,we were deeply impressed by this and found a city different from others.     

Globalization and the Formation of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

20世纪七八十年代,在内外因素的冲击下,世界社会主义运动陷于低潮,产生了转换发展模式与战略的内在要求。作为中国共产党第二代领导集体的核心人物,邓小平以马克思主义政治家的视野关注世界风云变幻,关注社会主义的前途命运。他在历史与现实、世界与中国、马克思主义与当代社会主义实践的比较、互动、结合中,把中国社会主义发展的目标和途径置于全球化发展的时空背景中加以审视和提炼,考虑中国的命运,设计中国的未来,从而创造性地形成了建设有中国特色社会主义的理论与实践。     

Do Attitudes and Personality Characteristics Affect Socioeconomic Outcomes? The Case of Welfare Use by Young Women

Objective . We estimate a model of social-psychological determinants of entry into Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), the primary cash welfare program in the United States until 1996. Methods . Using information from the youngest cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we estimate logit models of the probability of ever participating in AFDC and hazard models of the timing until first use of AFDC. Results . We find strong associations between welfare use and several attitudes and personality characteristics, but with two exceptions, most of the associations are not robust to the inclusion of exogenous background characteristics. There is consistent, strong evidence that positive attitudes toward school lower the likelihood of using welfare and increase duration until first receipt. Family background and social environment characteristics show strong robust effects. Conclusions . Our results point to relatively weak evidence for the hypothesis that individual attitudes in adolescence have a significant impact on initial welfare receipt.     

The Dynamics from the Ideal to the Reality─The Rule of Law in China

中国的法治建设是一个从理想到现实的动态演进过程。中国人民的法治理想具有人权、自由和社会正义等内在价值,其突出表现是“人民要求政府及其官员守法”;中国人民对法治的要求有源自中国社会内部的现实原因。中国的法治与中国的传统文化交织在一起,法治建设应该而且事实上一直与中国传统文化相联系。法治与社会之间有着动态的联系;中国社会中有助于法治发展的相关部分正在逐步发展。法制是实现法治的途径。尽管还有不少问题有待解决,但中国在立法、司法和其他方面都正在朝向法治社会发展。中国的法治就像一个初生的婴儿,从理想到现实还有很长的路要走。     

The Study of the History of ChineseFamilies and Clans

Families(jiating)andclans(jiazu)aretwocategoriesinChinawhicharerelatedtoanddifferentfromeachother.FamiIiesinancientChinawerecommunitieswithcommonpropertieswhichtooksmall-scaleblood-relationshipsastheprincipalcomponentandwereestablishedonthebasisoftherelationshipofmarriage,familysupportandchildadoption.Clansrefertothesystemofblood-relationships,includingsmallclansinfamilies,orlargeclansmadeupofanumberofsmallclans,namelypatriarchalclans.Therefore,thestructure,functions,andinterrelationsofthemem…     

The Clash of Civilizations and a Critique of Modernity

Samuel Huntington attracted wide atten- tion with his 1993 article “A Clash of Civilizations?” and his 1996 The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order. Indeed, he has built an eye-catching framework for thought about world politics and thence exposed the major problems con- fronting the human race in the contempo- rary world. However, in the same way as the problems themselves remain largely concealed, this framework (or model) of thinking that attempts to touch upon …     

The Process of Urbanization and the Protection of Peasants'''' Rights and Interests

The concern of the Chinese world of learning over the existing problems of urbanization is concentrated at present on environmental pollution, traffic jams, tight accommodation, increasing unemployment and social disorder, and little attention is given to the damage to peasants' rights and interests as a matter of overriding importance for the development of urbanization. This phenomenon is rooted in the theoretical hypoth-     

The Past and Future of Chinese Philosophy

IFortwothousandyearsfromtheQinandHandynasties,feudalsocietywasprofoundlyinfluencedbyConfucianismandDaoism.TheConfucianistschoolwasrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius,whiletheDaoistschoolwasrepresentedbyLaoziandZhuangzi.ThesefourancientphilosophershavehadthemostlastinginfluenceonChinesephiIosophy.However,therewerenohardandfastboundariesbetweenthetwoschools-eachtimetheyadaptedtomeettheneedsofthetimessomeoftheoldconceptswereabandonedandnewonesadded.ItisoftensaidthatConfucianconcepts(orthoseofL…     

Is Sweden Being Torn Apart? Privatization and Old and New Patterns of Welfare State Support

This article examines the potential impact of institutional change on popular welfare support. The encompassing welfare state of Sweden provides an interesting case where the privatization of social service delivery has been widespread over the last decades. We use survey data from five rounds of the Swedish Welfare State Survey (1992, 1997, 2002, 2006 and 2010) in order to study how public preferences for the financing and organization of welfare services have changed over time. Based on a theory describing an ideal‐typical pattern of public support for an encompassing welfare model, we derive three types of public preferences: support for a pure state model, a pure market model and a mixed model (welfare services are funded by taxes but provided by private firms). We begin by tracking the development of these ideal‐typical attitude patterns between 1992 and 2010. We then investigate how preference patterns vary across municipalities displaying different degrees of privatization of social service delivery. Our results show that welfare support among Swedes over the last decades is better characterized as dynamic rather than stable. Swedes seem to take an overall more ideologically based position on the role of the welfare state over time. The share of respondents expressing such ideologically based preferences has increased from 54 per cent in 1992 to 78 per cent in 2010. This change is principally manifested in increased support for the state and mixed models. This trend seems to be parallel to the increasing share of private welfare service providers over the last decade. We also find a link between the municipal degree of privatization and support for our three ideal‐typical welfare models. Public support for a mixed welfare model and, to some extent, a market model, is comparatively stronger in municipalities where welfare services to a large extent are carried out by private actors. Conversely, data shows that public support for the traditional Swedish state model is more widespread in municipalities having a low degree of welfare services privatization. Lastly, we discuss some theoretical implications of our findings.     

The Conflict between and Inter-mingling of Christianity and Chi-nese Culture

From their ignorance and contempt forbasic human rights and freedom of belief thediehard conservative officialdom of the Mingand Qing dynasties adopted a caustic atti-tude toward Catholic and Protestant churchesfrom the West. Undertaking long journeys,the missionaries went to China to preach thegospel. This in itself constitutes a proclama-tion to Chinese men of letters that freedomof belief itself is a cardinal hallmark in theconcept of human rights. The generousnessand benevolence shown b…     

The Early Dissemination of Tea in Northern Asia and the Western Region─Why Marco Polo Never Mentioned Tea

ⅠThefactthatMarcoPoloinhistravelaccountsneverreferredtotheexistenceoftealaterbecameoneofthemainpiecesofevidenceusedbyscholarsarguingthathe,infact,nevervisitedChina.Asanaspectofascholar'sresearchmethodology,suchargumentationisuntenable-Wecannotverifytheov…